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==Pixilation==
==Pixilation==
The term 'pixilation' was created by [[Grant Munro (filmmaker)|Grant Munro]], who had worked with McLaren on ''[[Two Bagatelles]]'', a pair of short pixilation films made prior to ''Neighbours.'' While ''Neighbours'' is often credited as an animated film by many film historians,<ref>[http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2005/05.10.31.html ]{{dead link|date=August 2014}}</ref> very little of the film is actually animated. The majority of the film is shot with variable-speed photography, usually in fast motion, with some stop-frame techniques. During one brief sequence, the two actors appear to levitate: this effect was actually achieved in stop-motion; the men repeatedly jumped upward but were photographed only at the top of their trajectories. Under the current definition of an animated short,<ref>[http://www.oscars.org/79academyawards/rules/rule19.html ]{{dead link|date=August 2014}}</ref> it is unlikely that ''Neighbours'' would qualify as either a documentary short or an animated short.
The term 'pixilation' was created by [[Grant Munro (filmmaker)|Grant Munro]], who had worked with McLaren on ''[[Two Bagatelles]]'', a pair of short pixilation films made prior to ''Neighbours.'' While ''Neighbours'' is often credited as an animated film by many film historians,<ref>[http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2005/05.10.31.html ] {{wayback|url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2005/05.10.31.html |date=20070515174814 }}</ref> very little of the film is actually animated. The majority of the film is shot with variable-speed photography, usually in fast motion, with some stop-frame techniques. During one brief sequence, the two actors appear to levitate: this effect was actually achieved in stop-motion; the men repeatedly jumped upward but were photographed only at the top of their trajectories. Under the current definition of an animated short,<ref>[http://www.oscars.org/79academyawards/rules/rule19.html ] {{wayback|url=http://www.oscars.org/79academyawards/rules/rule19.html |date=20061029041756 }}</ref> it is unlikely that ''Neighbours'' would qualify as either a documentary short or an animated short.


McLaren followed ''Neighbours'' with two other films using a similar combination of pixilation, live action, variable speed photography and string-puppets. The first, ''[[A Chairy Tale]]'' (1957) was a collaboration with [[Claude Jutra]] and [[Ravi Shankar]]. The second, ''[[Opening Speech by Norman McLaren]]'' (1960) was made for the International Film Festival of Montreal, and starred McLaren himself.
McLaren followed ''Neighbours'' with two other films using a similar combination of pixilation, live action, variable speed photography and string-puppets. The first, ''[[A Chairy Tale]]'' (1957) was a collaboration with [[Claude Jutra]] and [[Ravi Shankar]]. The second, ''[[Opening Speech by Norman McLaren]]'' (1960) was made for the International Film Festival of Montreal, and starred McLaren himself.

Revision as of 22:35, 12 January 2016

Neighbours (Voisins)
Directed byNorman McLaren
Written byNorman McLaren
Produced byNorman McLaren
StarringGrant Munro
Jean-Paul Ladouceur
Music byNorman McLaren
Distributed byNational Film Board of Canada
Release date
  • 1952 (1952)
Running time
8 m 6 s
CountryCanada
Languagenone

Neighbours (French title: Voisins) is a 1952 anti-war film by Scottish-Canadian filmmaker Norman McLaren. Produced at the National Film Board of Canada in Montreal, the film uses the technique known as pixilation, an animation technique using live actors as stop-motion objects. McLaren created the soundtrack of the film by scratching the edge of the film, creating various blobs, lines, and triangles which the projector read as sound.

Plot

Two men, Jean-Paul Ladouceur and Grant Munro, live peacefully in adjacent cardboard houses. When a flower blooms between their houses, they fight each other to the death over the ownership of the single small flower.

The moral of the film is, simply, Love your neighbour Matthew 22:39. The moral is also shown in other languages, including:

  • French: Aimez votre prochain
  • Chinese: 親愛鄰居 (Qīn'ài línjū)
  • Hebrew: אהבתי לרעך; (Ahavthi l'reacha)
  • Russian: Любите ближнего своего; Lyubite blizhnego svoyego
  • Spanish: Ama a tu prójimo
  • Italian: Amate il prossimo
  • German: Liebe deinen Nächsten
  • Norwegian: Elsk din nabo

Controversy

Neighbours has been described as "one of the most controversial films the NFB ever made".[1] The eight-minute film was politically motivated:

"I was inspired to make Neighbours by a stay of almost a year in the People's Republic of China. Although I only saw the beginnings of Mao's revolution, my faith in human nature was reinvigorated by it. Then I came back to Quebec and the Korean War began. (...) I decided to make a really strong film about anti-militarism and against war." — Norman McLaren [2]

The version of Neighbours that ultimately won an Oscar was not the version McLaren had originally created. In order to make the film palatable for American and European audiences, McLaren was required to remove a scene in which the two men, fighting over the flower, murdered the other's wife and children.[3]

During the Vietnam War, public opinion changed, and McLaren was asked to reinstate the sequence. The original negative of that scene had been destroyed, so the scene was salvaged from a positive print of lower quality.[4]

NFB founder John Grierson, who had invited McLaren to the NFB to form its first animation unit, would ultimately disparage Neighbours and McLaren's attempt at political cinema:

"I wouldn't trust Norman around the corner as a political thinker. I wouldn't trust Norman around the corner as a philosophic thinker. That's not what Norman is for. Norman is for Hen Hop. Hen Hop. That's wonderful. And so many other things. That's his basic gift. He's got joy in his movement. He's got loveliness in his movement. He's got fancy in his changes. That's enough"[5]

Pixilation

The term 'pixilation' was created by Grant Munro, who had worked with McLaren on Two Bagatelles, a pair of short pixilation films made prior to Neighbours. While Neighbours is often credited as an animated film by many film historians,[6] very little of the film is actually animated. The majority of the film is shot with variable-speed photography, usually in fast motion, with some stop-frame techniques. During one brief sequence, the two actors appear to levitate: this effect was actually achieved in stop-motion; the men repeatedly jumped upward but were photographed only at the top of their trajectories. Under the current definition of an animated short,[7] it is unlikely that Neighbours would qualify as either a documentary short or an animated short.

McLaren followed Neighbours with two other films using a similar combination of pixilation, live action, variable speed photography and string-puppets. The first, A Chairy Tale (1957) was a collaboration with Claude Jutra and Ravi Shankar. The second, Opening Speech by Norman McLaren (1960) was made for the International Film Festival of Montreal, and starred McLaren himself.

Wolf Koenig served as cameraman on the film.[8]

Awards and honours

Neighbours is the winner of both a Canadian Film Award and an Academy Award, for the latter of which it was nominated twice, for Short Subject (One-reel) and for Best Documentary (Short Subject). Strangely, it was in the Documentary category that this short, stylized drama won its Oscar. A press release issued by AMPAS states that Neighbours is "among a group of films that not only competed, but won Academy Awards in what were clearly inappropriate categories." [9]

This film was designated as a "masterwork" by the Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada, a charitable non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the preservation of Canada’s audio-visual heritage.[10]

In 2009, Neighbours was added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme, listing the most significant documentary heritage collections in the world.[11]

Derivatives

Extreme's video for the first single, "Rest in Peace", from their third album III Sides To Every Story was closely modelled after Neighbours. The NFB took legal action and the matter was settled out of court, with withdrawal of the video from circulation.[citation needed]. However, the withdrawn video was subsequently posted on YouTube where it can be viewed in its entirety.

See also

References

  1. ^ McLaughlin, Dan (2001). "A rather incomplete but still fascinating history of animation". Archived from the original on 2006-08-12. Retrieved 2006-08-30.
  2. ^ "Norman McLaren". National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  3. ^ Cartagena, Rene (2003). "Neighbours". Retrieved 2006-08-30.
  4. ^ Curtis, David. Norman McLaren. Edinburgh: Scottish Arts Council Catalogue, 1977.
  5. ^ Kristmanson, Mark (2002). Plateaus of Freedom: Nationality, Culture, and State Security in Canada, 1920–1960. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-19-541803-3.
  6. ^ [1] Archived 2007-05-15 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ [2] Archived 2006-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ Martin, Sandra (24 August 2014). "For Wolf Koenig, it was about framing that decisive moment". Globe and Mail. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  9. ^ "Oscar's Docs Resumes with Nature Documentaries". Webwire.com. 2005-10-31. Retrieved 2014-08-27.
  10. ^ AV Trust | Preserving Canada's Visual and Audio Treasures
  11. ^ "Neighbours, animated, directed and produced by Norman McLaren in 1952". Memory of the World. UNESCO. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
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