Lubuagan

Lubuagan
Municipality
Map of Kalinga with Lubuagan highlighted
Country	Philippines
Region	Cordillera Administrative Region
Province	Kalinga
District	Lone District of Kalinga
Founded	1905
Barangays	9 (see Barangays)
Government
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
• mayor of Lubuagan[*]	Johnny "Abi" Agyao-Dickpus
• Electorate	10,344 voters (2022)
Area
• Total	234.20 km2 (90.43 sq mi)
Population  (2020 census)
• Total	9,323
• Density	40/km2 (100/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	3802
PSGC	143206000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)74
Income class	4th municipal income class
Revenue (₱)	₱ 99.43 million (2020), 43.38 million (2012), 47.33 million (2013), 53.64 million (2014), 60.7 million (2015), 66.89 million (2016), 74.17 million (2017), 79.32 million (2018), 86.99 million (2019), 105.1 million (2021), 144 million (2022)
Website	www.lubuagan.gov.ph

Lubuagan, officially the Municipality of Lubuagan is a 4th class municipality in the province of Kalinga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 9,323 people.

It is 460 kilometres (290 mi) north of Manila and 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Tabuk.

Lubuagan Municipality, once the seat of the National Government from March 6 to May 17, 1900, during the time of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, was among the eight (8) municipalities of the new province of Kalinga. It is located at 800 metres (2,600 ft) above sea level in the southern part of Kalinga and in the heart of the Cordillera. It has a land area of 23,420 hectares (57,900 acres). Some of its younger generation have migrated either in the lowland plains of Tabuk or in other provinces in search for income and employment opportunities.

Barangays

Lubbuagan municipality has 9 barangays,  as listed below with the 2010 census population shown in brackets.

• Dangoy (1,304)
• Mabilong (1,327)
• Mabongtot (913)
• Poblacion (1,550)
• Tanglag (713)
• Lower Uma (641)
• Upper Uma (818)
• Antonio Canao (965)
• Uma del Norte (Western Uma) (1,138)

History

Spanish Rule was never established in Lubuagan during the more than 300 years of sovereignty over the Philippines. However, President Emilio Aguinaldo, president of the erstwhile first Republic of the Philippines made Lubuagan the Capital of that first Republic for 72 days, from March 6 to May 17, 1900, before his escape and eventual capture at Palanan, Isabela, on March 23, 1901.

Upon the assumption of the United States of America as colonial power over the Philippines, the Township of Lubuagan, a unit of government at the time it was established in 1905 which was administered via the sub provincial government of Lepanto-Bontoc sub-province, Lt. Governor E. A. Eckman, an American ex-soldier was the Chief Executive of the sub-province.

Sometimes in 1907, Kalinga was separated and organized as a distinct sub-province from the Lepanto-Bontoc sub-province. Franklin Walter Hale was appointed the first Lt. Governor to establish a civil government in Kalinga.

Bulanao Barrio, a thriving big community of Tubog at the time, the site of which is the present homestead of Mr. Abe Umao was the target of Lt. Governor Hale as the center of this Administration of government in Kalinga sub-province. But shortly thereafter, the great cholera and malaria epidemic broke out in the later part of 1907 and continued in 1908 which almost wiped out the town populace. Lt. Governor Hales was himself attacked with malaria so that he and his official family were forced to leave Bulanao because those who survived the epidemic among the natives left.

Lt. Governor Hale and his staff came up to Lubuagan in the early part of 1909 and established their quarters and camps where the present multi-purpose Hall now stands. Governor Hale whom the people baptized and fondly called SAPAO, first organized his police contingent from and among the tribal pangats and headmen from the different villages of Kalinga to help them tame the natives who are still afraid and suspicious of the new order.

Lt. Governor Hale served Kalinga up to the end of July 1915. He was replaced by Lt. Governor Samuel Kane, who served for a brief period and wasreplaced by Lt. Gov. Alex Gilfilan in September 1916, who was later on replaced by what is now nomenclatured as Deputy Governor Mr. Thomas Blanco, a Filipino. In 1924, Deputy Governor Nicasio Balinag took over the reign of Sub-Provincial Executive of Kalinga.

The colonial Civil Government notably beginning with the administration of Lt. Governor Franklin Walter Hale up to the Commonwealth government is considered the golden years of Lubuagan, the capital town of the sub-province of Kalinga. Lubuagan at that time was the center of education, culture, commerce and trade. The founding of the Kalinga Academy in 1927, a secondary school run by American Missionaries and the St. Teresita's School in 1929, a Catholic Primary and High School managed by the CICM Belgian Missionaries bolstered the luster of Lubuagan.

The Japanese Imperial army occupation came to Lubuagan in May 1942.

In 1945 during the war of liberation, Lubuagan was bombed by American planes resulting in the destruction of the Lubuagan Central School which was then occupied by the enemy. The big and beautiful St. Peter's church of Lubuagan which resembles the Saint Peter's Basicila of Rome with its high dome, the father's convent and two more buildings within the compound were all burned to the ground. Lubuagan was once the capital of Kalinga sub-province before Tabuk rose to its present status as the center of learning and government activities. It is also in Lubuagan where the first instruction of higher learning (College) in the old Mt. Province was established.

(Source: Souvenir Book: Kalinga 7th Foundation Day)

Demographics

Population census of Lubuagan

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1918	8,874	—
1939	7,366	−0.88%
1948	7,821	+0.67%
1960	10,289	+2.31%
1970	7,236	−3.45%
1975	7,780	+1.46%
1980	8,545	+1.89%
1990	9,189	+0.73%
1995	9,897	+1.40%
2000	9,875	−0.05%
2007	10,183	+0.42%
2010	9,369	−2.99%
2015	8,733	−1.33%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

In the 2020 census, the population of Lubuagan, Kalinga, was 9,323 people, with a density of 40 inhabitants per square kilometre or 100 inhabitants per square mile.

Attractions

• St. Theresita's School, an old CICM school established in 1927, was once the educational center of the Cordillera. It was also the former headquarters of Japanese and American forces during World War II.
• Mabilong Weaver's Village, located along the road, is the center of the ethnic weaving industry in the province. It showcases colorful ethnic backstrap weaving. Here, one can see how the intricate ethnic designs are made and how the colors are mixed. Souvenirs can be bought from the weavers. The village is a two-hour jeepney ride from the town.
• The town has extensive and scenic rice terraces (Pon-e Rice Terraces and Gapis Rice Terraces) cut into the mountains, rising 2,000 feet (610 m) from the Chico River bed.
• 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the town is a turn-off with a once-busy road leading west to Batong Buhay Mines.
• Aguinaldo Hill, located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the national road, was Gen. Aguinaldo's command post during his 72-day stay in the town. It has a panoramic view of several barangays in Pinukpuk.
• Awichon Mesa, a plateau situated at Brgy. Upper Uma, 2 km from the town proper and between Pasila and Lubuagan, is an archaeological site where bones of a prehistoric elephant were found. It was also the landing site of American forces during World War II.
• Cadamayan Falls, at Brgy. Western Uma, serves as the natural boundary of Pasil, Lubuagan and Tinglayan and can be viewed from the road.
• Tiwod Spring, the "Fertility Twin Spring", is believed to be a God-given gift for couples who have not yet had children. Couples who take a bath every morning here and drink its waters will soon bear children.
• Unexplored Tongango Caves, located just above the poblacion, consists of several chambers connecting the mountains of Lubuagan, Sumadel and Tulgao.
• The Belalao Mabilong View is a stopover for viewing the panorama of the picturesque Lubuagan Village. Visitors who come by night are said to be surprised by a sudden appearance of a lost city in the mountain.
• Manangol Viewpoint, at the top of Manangol Hill, is where you could see a magnificent, panoramic view of the Chico River (and villages supposed to be submerged by Chico Dam IV), the "Sleeping Beauty" of Tinglayan and the hidden rice terraces seated at the basement of the overlapping mountain.
• The Poway View Deck, at the boundary of Pasil and Lubuagan, is where you could view the 5 barangays and the winding Pasil River.
• The Pudpud Chico Viewpoint, at the Lubuagan Central School, is where you could view the long and winding Chico River and the aborted Chico Hydroelectric Dam.
• The Lubuagan Museum, located in an old American house, showcases a selection of old Chinese pottery as well as other Kalinga products. It is a two-hour jeepney ride from Tabuk.

Festival

Sallidumay Festival – Lubuagan's municipal festival focusing on the tribal music, dances and rituals of the tribe.

External links

• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Philippine Census Information
• Local Governance Performance Management System