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| location_country = [[France]]
| location_country = [[France]]
| area_served = [[World]]wide
| area_served = [[World]]wide
| key_people = Bruno Bonnell ([[Entrepreneur|Founder]])<br />Frank Dangeard ([[Chairman]])<ref name="Management">{{cite press release|url=http://corporate.atari.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/IESA%20Press%20Release%2015%20March%2009_GB_final.pdf|format=PDF|title=Infogrames Entertainment appoints Frank Dangeard as Non-Executive Chairman|date=March 16, 2009|publisher=Infogrames Entertainment|accessdate=2009-08-30}}</ref><br />David Gardner ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<ref name="Management"/><br />[[Phil Harrison]] ([[President]])<ref name="Management"/><br /> Harry M. Rubin ([[Chief operating officer|COO]])<ref name="Management"/><br /> Jeff Lapin ([[Chief operating officer|COO]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.atari.com/infogramesgb/2007/04/management.php|title=Board and management|publisher=Infogrames|accessdate=2009-08-30}}</ref>
| key_people = Bruno Bonnell ([[Entrepreneur|Founder]])<br />Frank Dangeard ([[Chairman]])<ref name="Management">{{cite press release|url=http://corporate.atari.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/IESA%20Press%20Release%2015%20March%2009_GB_final.pdf|format=PDF|title=Infogrames Entertainment appoints Frank Dangeard as Non-Executive Chairman|date=March 16, 2009|publisher=Infogrames Entertainment|accessdate=2009-08-30}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />David Gardner ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<ref name="Management"/><br />[[Phil Harrison]] ([[President]])<ref name="Management"/><br /> Harry M. Rubin ([[Chief operating officer|COO]])<ref name="Management"/><br /> Jeff Lapin ([[Chief operating officer|COO]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.atari.com/infogramesgb/2007/04/management.php|title=Board and management|publisher=Infogrames|accessdate=2009-08-30}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| industry = [[Video game industry|Software & programming]]
| industry = [[Video game industry|Software & programming]]
| products = ''[[North & South (video game)|North & South]]'' <br /> ''[[Dragon Ball Z: Budokai]]''<br />''[[Alone in the Dark (video game)|Alone in the Dark]]''<br />''[[Unreal Tournament 2003]]''<br />''[[RollerCoaster Tycoon (video game)|RollerCoaster Tycoon]]''<br />''[[Civilization III]]''<br />''[[Robot Arena]]''
| products = ''[[North & South (video game)|North & South]]'' <br /> ''[[Dragon Ball Z: Budokai]]''<br />''[[Alone in the Dark (video game)|Alone in the Dark]]''<br />''[[Unreal Tournament 2003]]''<br />''[[RollerCoaster Tycoon (video game)|RollerCoaster Tycoon]]''<br />''[[Civilization III]]''<br />''[[Robot Arena]]''
| revenue = {{loss}} {{€|305.3 million}} <small>(2007)</small>
| revenue = {{loss}} {{€|305.3 million}} <small>(2007)</small>
| net_income = {{loss}} {{red|{{€|-103.1 million}}}} <small>(2007)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.infogrames.com/infogramesgb/2007/05/comptes_de_resultats.php |title=Infogrames GB |publisher=Corporate.infogrames.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>
| net_income = {{loss}} {{red|{{€|-103.1 million}}}} <small>(2007)</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://corporate.infogrames.com/infogramesgb/2007/05/comptes_de_resultats.php |title=Infogrames GB |publisher=Corporate.infogrames.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| subsid = [[Atari, Inc. (Atari, SA subsidiary)|Atari, Inc]], [[Atari Interactive]]
| subsid = [[Atari, Inc. (Atari, SA subsidiary)|Atari, Inc]], [[Atari Interactive]]
| homepage = [http://www.atari.com/*/http://www.infogrames.com/ Infogrames.com]
| homepage = [http://www.atari.com/*/http://www.infogrames.com/ Infogrames.com]
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In 1996, IESA bought [[Ocean Software]] for about $100 million,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukbusinesspark.co.uk/bpmerg96.htm |title=Mergers & Acquisitions&nbsp;— UK News 1996 |publisher=Ukbusinesspark.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> renaming the company as ''Infogrames UK'' and retaining the Ocean Software name as a brand until 1999.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/company/atari-uk-ltd |title=Atari UK Ltd |publisher=MobyGames |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> This acquisition made Infogrames the largest video game publisher in Europe.<ref>{{cite magazine|last= |first= |title=European Super Publisher Emerges |magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]|issue=19|publisher=[[Imagine Media]] |date=July 1996|page=21}}</ref> In 1997 Philips Media BV was purchased and merged into the company.
In 1996, IESA bought [[Ocean Software]] for about $100 million,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukbusinesspark.co.uk/bpmerg96.htm |title=Mergers & Acquisitions&nbsp;— UK News 1996 |publisher=Ukbusinesspark.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> renaming the company as ''Infogrames UK'' and retaining the Ocean Software name as a brand until 1999.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/company/atari-uk-ltd |title=Atari UK Ltd |publisher=MobyGames |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> This acquisition made Infogrames the largest video game publisher in Europe.<ref>{{cite magazine|last= |first= |title=European Super Publisher Emerges |magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]|issue=19|publisher=[[Imagine Media]] |date=July 1996|page=21}}</ref> In 1997 Philips Media BV was purchased and merged into the company.


In 1998, IESA acquired a majority share of 62.5% in the game distributor ''OziSoft'', which became ''Infogrames Australia'',<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.atari.com.au/misc/faq.do |title=Frequently Asked Questions&nbsp;— Atari Australia |publisher=Atari.com.au |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> and in 2002 IESA bought the remaining shares of ''Infogrames Australia'' from [[Sega]] and other share holders<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/business/soa/Ozisoft-becomes-Infogrames-Australia/0,139023166,120267724,00.htm |title=Ozisoft becomes Infogrames Australia: News&nbsp;— Business&nbsp;— ZDNet Australia |publisher=Zdnet.com.au |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> for $3.7 million.<ref name="autogenerated7" /> In this same year the distributors ABS Multimedia, Arcadia and the Swiss Gamecity GmbH were acquired.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.claimexam.com/links/Done/accolade.htm |title=Portail d'informations |publisher=Claimexam.com |date=1973-08-05 |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated6">http://corporate.infogrames.com/uk/download/reports/infogrames_entertainment_annual_report_99_00.pdf</ref>
In 1998, IESA acquired a majority share of 62.5% in the game distributor ''OziSoft'', which became ''Infogrames Australia'',<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.atari.com.au/misc/faq.do |title=Frequently Asked Questions&nbsp;— Atari Australia |publisher=Atari.com.au |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> and in 2002 IESA bought the remaining shares of ''Infogrames Australia'' from [[Sega]] and other share holders<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/business/soa/Ozisoft-becomes-Infogrames-Australia/0,139023166,120267724,00.htm |title=Ozisoft becomes Infogrames Australia: News&nbsp;— Business&nbsp;— ZDNet Australia |publisher=Zdnet.com.au |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> for $3.7 million.<ref name="autogenerated7" /> In this same year the distributors ABS Multimedia, Arcadia and the Swiss Gamecity GmbH were acquired.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.claimexam.com/links/Done/accolade.htm |title=Portail d'informations |publisher=Claimexam.com |date=1973-08-05 |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated6">{{cite web |url=http://corporate.infogrames.com/uk/download/reports/infogrames_entertainment_annual_report_99_00.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-11-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709174620/http://corporate.infogrames.com/uk/download/reports/infogrames_entertainment_annual_report_99_00.pdf |archivedate=2007-07-09 |df= }}</ref>


In 1999, IESA bought [[Gremlin Interactive]] for $40 million, and renamed the developer to ''Infogrames Sheffield House''. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_1999_March_25/ai_54207493 |title=Infogrames Buys UK Games Company Gremlin &#124; Computergram International &#124; Find Articles at BNET.com |publisher=Findarticles.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02 | year=1999}}</ref> In the same year, IESA also bought [[Accolade (company)|Accolade]] for $60 million which was renamed as ''Infogrames North America, Inc.'' <ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_1999_April_20/ai_54426666 |title=France's Infogrames Grows in US With $60m Accolade Buy &#124; Computergram International &#124; Find Articles at BNET.com |publisher=Findarticles.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02 | year=1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/vidgame/vid1999.htm |title=Chronology of Video Game Systems (1999) |publisher=Islandnet.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> and [[Beam Software]], which was renamed to ''Infogrames Melbourne House Pty Ltd''.<ref name="autogenerated9">{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/company/krome-studios-melbourne |title=Krome Studios Melbourne |publisher=MobyGames |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>
In 1999, IESA bought [[Gremlin Interactive]] for $40 million, and renamed the developer to ''Infogrames Sheffield House''. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_1999_March_25/ai_54207493 |title=Infogrames Buys UK Games Company Gremlin &#124; Computergram International &#124; Find Articles at BNET.com |publisher=Findarticles.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02 | year=1999}}</ref> In the same year, IESA also bought [[Accolade (company)|Accolade]] for $60 million which was renamed as ''Infogrames North America, Inc.'' <ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_1999_April_20/ai_54426666 |title=France's Infogrames Grows in US With $60m Accolade Buy &#124; Computergram International &#124; Find Articles at BNET.com |publisher=Findarticles.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02 | year=1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/vidgame/vid1999.htm |title=Chronology of Video Game Systems (1999) |publisher=Islandnet.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> and [[Beam Software]], which was renamed to ''Infogrames Melbourne House Pty Ltd''.<ref name="autogenerated9">{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/company/krome-studios-melbourne |title=Krome Studios Melbourne |publisher=MobyGames |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>
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Included in the GT Interactive purchase were the game development studios [[SingleTrac]], [[Humongous Entertainment]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/GT-Interactive-Software-Company-History.html |title=GT Interactive Software&nbsp;— Company History |publisher=Fundinguniverse.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> [[Legend Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1592004938 |title=Game Design, Second Edition: Bob Bates: Books |publisher=Amazon.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> and [[Reflections Interactive]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atnewyork.com/news/article.php/249211 |title=Gt Interactive Hires Disney Honcho, Raises Cash |publisher=Atnewyork.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112151412/http://www.atnewyork.com/news/article.php/249211 |archivedate=2008-01-12 |df= }}</ref>
Included in the GT Interactive purchase were the game development studios [[SingleTrac]], [[Humongous Entertainment]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/GT-Interactive-Software-Company-History.html |title=GT Interactive Software&nbsp;— Company History |publisher=Fundinguniverse.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> [[Legend Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1592004938 |title=Game Design, Second Edition: Bob Bates: Books |publisher=Amazon.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> and [[Reflections Interactive]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atnewyork.com/news/article.php/249211 |title=Gt Interactive Hires Disney Honcho, Raises Cash |publisher=Atnewyork.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112151412/http://www.atnewyork.com/news/article.php/249211 |archivedate=2008-01-12 |df= }}</ref>


GT Interactive became '''Infogrames, Inc'''.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|url=http://corporate.infogrames.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/DOCDEREF05_06GB.pdf |title=Microsoft Word&nbsp;— couverture_GB.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>
GT Interactive became '''Infogrames, Inc'''.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=http://corporate.infogrames.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/DOCDEREF05_06GB.pdf |title=Microsoft Word&nbsp;— couverture_GB.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127234614/http://corporate.infogrames.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/DOCDEREF05_06GB.pdf |archivedate=2007-11-27 |df= }}</ref>


In 2000, the developer [[Paradigm Entertainment]] was bought for $19.5 million and in-flight games developer Den-o-Tech Int. (DTI) , later renamed to ''Infogrames DTI'', was also acquired for $5.6 million.<ref name="autogenerated4" /><ref name="autogenerated6" />
In 2000, the developer [[Paradigm Entertainment]] was bought for $19.5 million and in-flight games developer Den-o-Tech Int. (DTI) , later renamed to ''Infogrames DTI'', was also acquired for $5.6 million.<ref name="autogenerated4" /><ref name="autogenerated6" />
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MicroProse's UK studio in Chipping Sodbury was closed on September 20, 2002.<ref>{{cite web|last=Parker |first=Sam |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/2880148.html |title=Infogrames closes UK MicroProse studio&nbsp;— News at GameSpot |publisher=Gamespot.com |date=2008-03-21 |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> after the release of the last game under the MicroProse name, [[Grand Prix 4]].
MicroProse's UK studio in Chipping Sodbury was closed on September 20, 2002.<ref>{{cite web|last=Parker |first=Sam |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/2880148.html |title=Infogrames closes UK MicroProse studio&nbsp;— News at GameSpot |publisher=Gamespot.com |date=2008-03-21 |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> after the release of the last game under the MicroProse name, [[Grand Prix 4]].


In the same year, IESA acquired the remaining 80% of [[game development studio]] [[Eden Games]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Strohm |first=Axel |url=http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/driving/vrally3/news.html?sid=2860904 |title=Infogrames buys Eden Studios&nbsp;— PlayStation 2 News at GameSpot |publisher=Gamespot.com |date=2002-10-22 |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> for $4.1 million<ref name="autogenerated7" />. In May, [[Shiny Entertainment]] was bought from [[Interplay Entertainment]] for $47 million. With Eden Games, IESA would publish all of Eden Games' titles, such as ''[[V-Rally 3]]'' and later ''[[Test Drive Unlimited]]'', and with the Shiny Entertainment acquisition, IESA obtained the rights to develop and publish ''[[Enter the Matrix]]'' which was the first game based on ''[[The Matrix]]'' films and sold more than 5 million copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pc.gamezone.com/news/04_25_02_01_49PM.htm |title=Infogrames Acquires both Shiny Entertainment and Exclusive Matrix License&nbsp;— PC News |publisher=Pc.gamezone.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>
In the same year, IESA acquired the remaining 80% of [[game development studio]] [[Eden Games]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Strohm |first=Axel |url=http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/driving/vrally3/news.html?sid=2860904 |title=Infogrames buys Eden Studios&nbsp;— PlayStation 2 News at GameSpot |publisher=Gamespot.com |date=2002-10-22 |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> for $4.1 million<ref name="autogenerated7" />. In May, [[Shiny Entertainment]] was bought from [[Interplay Entertainment]] for $47 million. With Eden Games, IESA would publish all of Eden Games' titles, such as ''[[V-Rally 3]]'' and later ''[[Test Drive Unlimited]]'', and with the Shiny Entertainment acquisition, IESA obtained the rights to develop and publish ''[[Enter the Matrix]]'' which was the first game based on ''[[The Matrix]]'' films and sold more than 5 million copies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pc.gamezone.com/news/04_25_02_01_49PM.htm |title=Infogrames Acquires both Shiny Entertainment and Exclusive Matrix License&nbsp;— PC News |publisher=Pc.gamezone.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706175511/http://pc.gamezone.com/news/04_25_02_01_49PM.htm |archivedate=2008-07-06 |df= }}</ref>


In the fiscal year of 2002, IESA had a net loss of $67 million on revenues of $650 million, and in 2003 the net losses increased to $89 million.<ref name="autogenerated4" />
In the fiscal year of 2002, IESA had a net loss of $67 million on revenues of $650 million, and in 2003 the net losses increased to $89 million.<ref name="autogenerated4" />
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In 2003, Infogrames closed down the Sheffield House development studio.
In 2003, Infogrames closed down the Sheffield House development studio.


On May 7, 2003, IESA officially reorganized its Infogrames Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/dsvr4.28Z7.htm |title=Atari Inc - 10-KT&nbsp;— For 3/31/03 |publisher=SEC Info |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> US subsidiary as a separate [[Nasdaq]] listed company known as [[Atari, Inc. (Atari, SA subsidiary)|Atari Inc.]], named its European operations as [[Atari]] Europe, renamed Infogrames Interactive, Inc. to [[Atari Interactive]], Inc.,<ref name="autogenerated8" /> (a wholly owned subsidiary of IESA),<ref name="autogenerated3">[http://biz.yahoo.com/e/070918/atar10-k.html Summary of ATARI INC - Yahoo! Finance<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{dead link|date=November 2009}}</ref> rebranded Infogrames Australia Pty Ltd as [[Atari Australia]] Pty Ltd,<ref name="autogenerated1" /> renamed Infogrames Melbourne House Pty Ltd to Atari Melbourne House Pty Ltd,<ref name="autogenerated9" /> Infogrames UK became Atari UK,<ref name="autogenerated4" /> while IESA became a [[holding company]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.infogrames.com/infogramesgb/2007/04/atari.php |title=Infogrames GB |publisher=Corporate.infogrames.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>
On May 7, 2003, IESA officially reorganized its Infogrames Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/dsvr4.28Z7.htm |title=Atari Inc - 10-KT&nbsp;— For 3/31/03 |publisher=SEC Info |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> US subsidiary as a separate [[Nasdaq]] listed company known as [[Atari, Inc. (Atari, SA subsidiary)|Atari Inc.]], named its European operations as [[Atari]] Europe, renamed Infogrames Interactive, Inc. to [[Atari Interactive]], Inc.,<ref name="autogenerated8" /> (a wholly owned subsidiary of IESA),<ref name="autogenerated3">[http://biz.yahoo.com/e/070918/atar10-k.html Summary of ATARI INC - Yahoo! Finance<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{dead link|date=November 2009}}</ref> rebranded Infogrames Australia Pty Ltd as [[Atari Australia]] Pty Ltd,<ref name="autogenerated1" /> renamed Infogrames Melbourne House Pty Ltd to Atari Melbourne House Pty Ltd,<ref name="autogenerated9" /> Infogrames UK became Atari UK,<ref name="autogenerated4" /> while IESA became a [[holding company]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://corporate.infogrames.com/infogramesgb/2007/04/atari.php |title=Infogrames GB |publisher=Corporate.infogrames.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503121716/http://corporate.infogrames.com/infogramesgb/2007/04/atari.php |archivedate=2009-05-03 |df= }}</ref>


[[Atari, Inc. (Atari, SA subsidiary)|Atari Inc.]] is a public company that, as of 2007, had, as a majority stockholder, the company California U.S. Holdings, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of IESA.<ref>[http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/071008/nym115.html?.v=80 ]{{dead link|date=November 2009}}</ref> [[Atari, Inc. (Atari, SA subsidiary)|Atari Inc.]] licences the ''[[Atari]]'' trademark from [[Atari Interactive]], Inc., a license which will expire in 2013.<ref name="autogenerated3" />
[[Atari, Inc. (Atari, SA subsidiary)|Atari Inc.]] is a public company that, as of 2007, had, as a majority stockholder, the company California U.S. Holdings, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of IESA.<ref>[http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/071008/nym115.html?.v=80 ]{{dead link|date=November 2009}}</ref> [[Atari, Inc. (Atari, SA subsidiary)|Atari Inc.]] licences the ''[[Atari]]'' trademark from [[Atari Interactive]], Inc., a license which will expire in 2013.<ref name="autogenerated3" />
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In December 2008, Infogrames bought [[Cryptic Studios]] for $26.7 million in cash plus performance bonuses. Cryptic Studios is a [[massively multiplayer online game]] developer and its acquisition is in line with the company's new business strategy which focuses on online games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/atari-acquires-cryptic-studios |title=Atari acquires Cryptic Studios // News |publisher=Gamesindustry.biz |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>
In December 2008, Infogrames bought [[Cryptic Studios]] for $26.7 million in cash plus performance bonuses. Cryptic Studios is a [[massively multiplayer online game]] developer and its acquisition is in line with the company's new business strategy which focuses on online games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/atari-acquires-cryptic-studios |title=Atari acquires Cryptic Studios // News |publisher=Gamesindustry.biz |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>


[[Bandai Namco Entertainment|Namco Bandai]] and Infogrames formed a [[joint venture]] called Distribution Partners in September 2008.<ref name="gamasutra1">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=20155 |title=News&nbsp;— Infogrames And Namco Bandai Team Up For Distribution Deal |publisher=Gamasutra |date=2008-09-09 |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> Distribution Partners was defined by Infogrames as a regrouping of "Infogrames’ distribution operations in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America."<ref name="atari1">http://corporate.atari.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/IESA_NBG_signing_GB_def2.pdf</ref> This new entity consisted mainly of Infograme's distribution network in the [[PAL region]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcvuk.com/news/31703/Infogrames-strikes-Namco-Bandai-deal |title=Infogrames strikes Namco Bandai deal &#124; Games Industry &#124; MCV |publisher=Mcvuk.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> Distribution Partners was 34% owned by Namco Bandai and 66% owned by Atari.<ref name="atari1"/>
[[Bandai Namco Entertainment|Namco Bandai]] and Infogrames formed a [[joint venture]] called Distribution Partners in September 2008.<ref name="gamasutra1">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=20155 |title=News&nbsp;— Infogrames And Namco Bandai Team Up For Distribution Deal |publisher=Gamasutra |date=2008-09-09 |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> Distribution Partners was defined by Infogrames as a regrouping of "Infogrames’ distribution operations in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America."<ref name="atari1">http://corporate.atari.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/IESA_NBG_signing_GB_def2.pdf{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This new entity consisted mainly of Infograme's distribution network in the [[PAL region]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcvuk.com/news/31703/Infogrames-strikes-Namco-Bandai-deal |title=Infogrames strikes Namco Bandai deal &#124; Games Industry &#124; MCV |publisher=Mcvuk.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> Distribution Partners was 34% owned by Namco Bandai and 66% owned by Atari.<ref name="atari1"/>


In May 2009, Namco Bandai acquired Atari Europe from Infogrames.<ref name="mcvuk1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mcvuk.com/news/34277/Goodbye-Atari-hello-Namco |title=Goodbye Atari, hello Namco &#124; Games Industry &#124; MCV |publisher=Mcvuk.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> Its sale and marketing personnel were transferred to Distribution Partners.<ref name="mcvuk1"/> In March 2009, Infogrames, announced that it was getting out of the distribution business in the PAL region with its decision to sell its 66% stake at Distribution Partners.<ref name="gamasutra1"/> According to an Infogrames press-release, this sale allowed "Atari to focus its financial resources and creative energy exclusively on developing and publishing online-enabled games".<ref>http://corporate.atari.com/infogramesgb/actufiuk/ - Press release of 25/03/09</ref>
In May 2009, Namco Bandai acquired Atari Europe from Infogrames.<ref name="mcvuk1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mcvuk.com/news/34277/Goodbye-Atari-hello-Namco |title=Goodbye Atari, hello Namco &#124; Games Industry &#124; MCV |publisher=Mcvuk.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> Its sale and marketing personnel were transferred to Distribution Partners.<ref name="mcvuk1"/> In March 2009, Infogrames, announced that it was getting out of the distribution business in the PAL region with its decision to sell its 66% stake at Distribution Partners.<ref name="gamasutra1"/> According to an Infogrames press-release, this sale allowed "Atari to focus its financial resources and creative energy exclusively on developing and publishing online-enabled games".<ref>http://corporate.atari.com/infogramesgb/actufiuk/{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - Press release of 25/03/09</ref>


In July, the deal valued at €37 million was completed;<ref>http://corporate.atari.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/070209-signing_put_final%20GB.pdf</ref> Distribution Partners was renamed to Namco Bandai Partners. At that time the company had operations in 50 countries and 17 dedicated offices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/namco-completes-takeover-of-atari-distribution-business |title=Namco completes takeover of Atari distribution business // News |publisher=Gamesindustry.biz |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>
In July, the deal valued at €37 million was completed;<ref>http://corporate.atari.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/070209-signing_put_final%20GB.pdf{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Distribution Partners was renamed to Namco Bandai Partners. At that time the company had operations in 50 countries and 17 dedicated offices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/namco-completes-takeover-of-atari-distribution-business |title=Namco completes takeover of Atari distribution business // News |publisher=Gamesindustry.biz |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>


Despite restructuring, Infogrames continued to struggle to become profitable. For the 2008 fiscal year the company posted €51.1 million ($72.17 million) in net losses and for the 2009 fiscal year, which ended in March, Infogrames posted losses of €226.1 million ($319.33 million).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=23813 |title=News&nbsp;— Infogrames Renames To Atari, Posts Heavy Losses, Envisages Profit |publisher=Gamasutra |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>
Despite restructuring, Infogrames continued to struggle to become profitable. For the 2008 fiscal year the company posted €51.1 million ($72.17 million) in net losses and for the 2009 fiscal year, which ended in March, Infogrames posted losses of €226.1 million ($319.33 million).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=23813 |title=News&nbsp;— Infogrames Renames To Atari, Posts Heavy Losses, Envisages Profit |publisher=Gamasutra |date= |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref>

Revision as of 17:15, 3 September 2017

Infogrames Entertainment, SA
Company typePublic
IndustrySoftware & programming
FoundedJune 1983; 41 years ago (1983-06)
Defunct2009; 15 years ago (2009)
FateReincorporated as Atari, SA
SuccessorAtari, SA
Headquarters
Lyon
,
France
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Bruno Bonnell (Founder)
Frank Dangeard (Chairman)[1]
David Gardner (CEO)[1]
Phil Harrison (President)[1]
Harry M. Rubin (COO)[1]
Jeff Lapin (COO)[2]
ProductsNorth & South
Dragon Ball Z: Budokai
Alone in the Dark
Unreal Tournament 2003
RollerCoaster Tycoon
Civilization III
Robot Arena
RevenueDecrease €305.3 million (2007)
Decrease €-103.1 million (2007)[3]
SubsidiariesAtari, Inc, Atari Interactive
WebsiteInfogrames.com

Infogrames Entertainment, SA (IESA) (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃fɔɡʁam]) was an international French holding company headquartered in Lyon, France. It was the owner of Atari, Inc., headquartered in New York City, U.S. and Atari Europe. It was founded in 1983 by Bruno Bonnell and Christophe Sapet using the proceeds from an introductory computer book. Through its subsidiaries, Infogrames produced, published and distributed interactive games for all major video game consoles and computer game platforms.

History

Early history

The founders wanted to christen the company Zboub Système (which can be approximatively translated by Dick System in arabic), but were dissuaded by their legal counsel.[4] According to Bonnell in a TV interview, they then used a mix-and-match computer program to suggest other names, one of which was "Infogramme": a portmanteau of the French words "informatique" (information technology) and "programme" (a computer program). The final choice, "Infogrames", was a slightly modified version of that suggestion, and is pronounced /ˌɪnfoʊˈɡræmz/ in English.

The company logo and mascot is an armadillo (tatou in French), chosen when the company was moved to Villeurbanne. Bonnell commented: "This dinosaur [sic] is our symbol. The armadillo has always survived changes to its environment, from the melting of glaciers to the worst of heat waves."[4]

In the late 1980s, Infogrames was noted for its French computer games that often featured original game ideas and occasionally humorous content. They had acquired several licences for popular Franco-Belgian comics

In 1992, they released Alone in the Dark, a 3D horror adventure game to international attention.[5] They also released Fantasia for the Sega Genesis, with the player controlling Mickey Mouse on a quest to locate lost musical notes. NASCAR Heat 2002. Test Drive Eve of Destruction.

1996–2002 – growth through acquisition

In 1996, Bruno Bonnell's Infogrames embarked on an acquisition campaign that would last seven years and cost more than $500 million; the objective was to become the world's leading interactive entertainment publisher.[6] While the company's debt increased from $55 million in 1999 to $493 million in 2002, the company's revenue also increased from $246 million to $650 million during the same period.[7]

In 1996, IESA bought Ocean Software for about $100 million,[8] renaming the company as Infogrames UK and retaining the Ocean Software name as a brand until 1999.[9] This acquisition made Infogrames the largest video game publisher in Europe.[10] In 1997 Philips Media BV was purchased and merged into the company.

In 1998, IESA acquired a majority share of 62.5% in the game distributor OziSoft, which became Infogrames Australia,[11] and in 2002 IESA bought the remaining shares of Infogrames Australia from Sega and other share holders[12] for $3.7 million.[7] In this same year the distributors ABS Multimedia, Arcadia and the Swiss Gamecity GmbH were acquired.[13][14]

In 1999, IESA bought Gremlin Interactive for $40 million, and renamed the developer to Infogrames Sheffield House. [15] In the same year, IESA also bought Accolade for $60 million which was renamed as Infogrames North America, Inc. [16][17] and Beam Software, which was renamed to Infogrames Melbourne House Pty Ltd.[18]

Then in December 1999, IESA made one of the most expensive acquisitions in the company's history. Infogrames bought 70% of GT Interactive for $135 million, and assumed the new subsidiary's $75 million bank debt. By June 2000 Infogrames had invested another $30 million in GT Interactive.[14][19] IESA justified the purchase by stating that GT Interactive provided Infogrames with a "distribution network for all of its products in the United States, as well as a catalog of products that includes Driver, Duke Nukem, Oddworld, Unreal Tournament and Deer Hunter".[14]

Included in the GT Interactive purchase were the game development studios SingleTrac, Humongous Entertainment,[20] Legend Entertainment[21] and Reflections Interactive.[22]

GT Interactive became Infogrames, Inc.[23]

In 2000, the developer Paradigm Entertainment was bought for $19.5 million and in-flight games developer Den-o-Tech Int. (DTI) , later renamed to Infogrames DTI, was also acquired for $5.6 million.[9][14]

In the same year, Infogrames, Inc. acquired the Infogrames North America, Inc. and merged them into their own company.

In January 2001, IESA purchased Hasbro Interactive and the handheld game console Game.com from Hasbro for $100 million; with $95 million as 4.5 million common shares of Infogrames and $5 million in cash.[24][25]

With the acquisition of Hasbro Interactive, which was renamed as Infogrames Interactive, Inc,[26][27] IESA became the owner of:

Also under the terms of the sale agreement, Infogrames gained the exclusive rights to develop and publish games based on Hasbro properties, which included Dungeons & Dragons, Mr. Potato Head, My Little Pony and others, for a period of 15 years plus an option for an additional 5 years based on performance.[25]

2001-2003

In October 2001, Infogrames announced that it was "reinventing" the Atari brand (Which they acquired from Hasbro Interactive which they used as a brand for arcade game remakes) with the launch of three new games featuring prominent Atari branding on their boxarts: Splashdown, MX Rider and TransWorld Surf.[28] The brand was a success for Infogrames, and they continued to use Atari as a brand name for console games aimed at 18-34 year olds. PC, educational and casual games retained the Infogrames banner.

MicroProse's UK studio in Chipping Sodbury was closed on September 20, 2002.[29] after the release of the last game under the MicroProse name, Grand Prix 4.

In the same year, IESA acquired the remaining 80% of game development studio Eden Games[30] for $4.1 million[7]. In May, Shiny Entertainment was bought from Interplay Entertainment for $47 million. With Eden Games, IESA would publish all of Eden Games' titles, such as V-Rally 3 and later Test Drive Unlimited, and with the Shiny Entertainment acquisition, IESA obtained the rights to develop and publish Enter the Matrix which was the first game based on The Matrix films and sold more than 5 million copies.[31]

In the fiscal year of 2002, IESA had a net loss of $67 million on revenues of $650 million, and in 2003 the net losses increased to $89 million.[9] In 2006, IESA reported a net loss of $201 million on revenues of $525 million, and debts of around $290 million.[7] From 1999 to 2006 IESA accumulated losses totaling €500 million.[7]

2003

In 2003, Infogrames closed down the Sheffield House development studio.

On May 7, 2003, IESA officially reorganized its Infogrames Inc.[32] US subsidiary as a separate Nasdaq listed company known as Atari Inc., named its European operations as Atari Europe, renamed Infogrames Interactive, Inc. to Atari Interactive, Inc.,[26] (a wholly owned subsidiary of IESA),[33] rebranded Infogrames Australia Pty Ltd as Atari Australia Pty Ltd,[11] renamed Infogrames Melbourne House Pty Ltd to Atari Melbourne House Pty Ltd,[18] Infogrames UK became Atari UK,[9] while IESA became a holding company.[34]

Atari Inc. is a public company that, as of 2007, had, as a majority stockholder, the company California U.S. Holdings, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of IESA.[35] Atari Inc. licences the Atari trademark from Atari Interactive, Inc., a license which will expire in 2013.[33] Atari Inc. has the rights to publish and sublicense in North America certain intellectual properties either owned or licensed by IESA or its subsidiaries, including Atari Interactive, Inc.[33]

Atari's Australian subsidiary also distributes games for Konami of Europe, Codemasters UK, Eidos Interactive and SCi. Konami has an Australian headquarters but this is for Konami's Gaming Machines.

Sell-Offs

In 2003, Infogrames closed down the Atari Hunt Valley studio (The last MicroProse studio) and in January 2004, they closed down Legend Entertainment[36]. In 2004, Infogrames sold the Civilization franchise to Take-Two Interactive for $22.3 million[37] Also that year Infogrames lost the rights to the Unreal franchise when the game's developer Epic Games signed a deal with Midway Games.[38] In June 2005, Infogrames sold back to Hasbro the digital rights to most Hasbro properties including Transformers (except in Japan), My Little Pony and Connect Four, but not Dungeons & Dragons, for $65 million.[23][39]

In May 2006, IESA sold the Games.com site to AOL. They also sold the Stuntman franchise to THQ and the publishing rights to Timeshift to Vivendi Games. The sales generated $13 million in revenue. THQ also bought the developer Paradigm Entertainment from IESA.[40] In July 2006 IESA sold the game developer Reflections Interactive and the Driver franchise for $21.6 million to Ubisoft.[41] In October, Shiny Entertainment was acquired by Foundation 9 Entertainment for $1.6 million.[41][42] In November of the same year, Atari Melbourne House was sold to Krome Studios and renamed to Krome Studios Melbourne.[18] After this the only developers still owned by Atari were Eden Games and Humongous, Inc.

In April 2007, Infogrames' founding chairman Bruno Bonnell left the company after 24 years; on the day of the announcement of his departure IESA's shares jumped 24%.[43] After his resignation, Infogrames through the remainder of 2006[clarification needed] sold intellectual properties and some studios in order to raise cash and stave off the threat of bankruptcy.[44]

In the same year, Infogrames fired the majority of Atari's directors and laid off 20% of its workforce. For the 2006–2007 fiscal year, Atari posted a net loss of $70 million.[45]

Atari Inc. buyout

On March 6, 2008, Infogrames made an offer to Atari Inc. to buy out all remaining public shares for a value of US$1.68 per share or US$11 million total. The offer would make Infogrames sole owner of Atari Inc., making it a privately held company.[46]

On April 30, 2008, Atari Inc. announced its intentions to accept Infogrames' buyout offer and merge with Infogrames.[47]

On October 9, 2008, Infogrames completed its takeover of Atari Inc.[48] With that acquisition the Atari brand was re-united under Infogrames.[49] Infogrames said that it planned to reduce administrative costs and to focus on online gaming.[50]

Namco Bandai buyout of Atari Europe and distribution partners

In December 2008, Infogrames bought Cryptic Studios for $26.7 million in cash plus performance bonuses. Cryptic Studios is a massively multiplayer online game developer and its acquisition is in line with the company's new business strategy which focuses on online games.[51]

Namco Bandai and Infogrames formed a joint venture called Distribution Partners in September 2008.[52] Distribution Partners was defined by Infogrames as a regrouping of "Infogrames’ distribution operations in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America."[53] This new entity consisted mainly of Infograme's distribution network in the PAL region.[54] Distribution Partners was 34% owned by Namco Bandai and 66% owned by Atari.[53]

In May 2009, Namco Bandai acquired Atari Europe from Infogrames.[55] Its sale and marketing personnel were transferred to Distribution Partners.[55] In March 2009, Infogrames, announced that it was getting out of the distribution business in the PAL region with its decision to sell its 66% stake at Distribution Partners.[52] According to an Infogrames press-release, this sale allowed "Atari to focus its financial resources and creative energy exclusively on developing and publishing online-enabled games".[56]

In July, the deal valued at €37 million was completed;[57] Distribution Partners was renamed to Namco Bandai Partners. At that time the company had operations in 50 countries and 17 dedicated offices.[58]

Despite restructuring, Infogrames continued to struggle to become profitable. For the 2008 fiscal year the company posted €51.1 million ($72.17 million) in net losses and for the 2009 fiscal year, which ended in March, Infogrames posted losses of €226.1 million ($319.33 million).[59]

Transition from Infogrames Entertainment

During their fiscal year meeting (May 2009), IESA announced that it would be changing its corporate name to an Atari branded name, in line with the use of the name for its subsidiaries. In reference to this, Atari, Inc's CEO Jim Wilson said: "We've gotten rid of the Infogrames and Atari duality, the confusion around that. We are one simplified company, under one management team, under one brand."[60]

Infogrames' May 29 earnings report stated:

"The Board agreed to change Infogrames Entertainment’s name to Atari. This decision will enable us to make the best use of the Atari brand, capitalizing on worldwide strong name recognition and affinity, which are keys drivers to implement the Company’s online, product and licensing strategies."[61]

An earnings press release on July 24, 2009 also provided clarification regarding the ensuing name change that was initially announced some two months prior, rebranding themselves as Atari, SA from Infogrames, SA. Furthermore, this release also stated their intentions of henceforth utilizing the much more recognizable 'Atari Group' moniker with all Atari-related brands and similar such subsidiaries already under their control.[62]

Studios

See Atari, SA

See also

References

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  56. ^ http://corporate.atari.com/infogramesgb/actufiuk/[permanent dead link] - Press release of 25/03/09
  57. ^ http://corporate.atari.com/MT-3.34-en/mt-static/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/070209-signing_put_final%20GB.pdf[permanent dead link]
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External links

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