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It took its name from [[Otto Marburg]]. It can be diagnosed ''in vivo'' with an [[MRI]] scan.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Capello E, Mancardi GL |title=Marburg type and Balò's concentric sclerosis: rare and acute variants of multiple sclerosis |journal=Neurol. Sci. |volume=25 |issue=Suppl |pages=S361–3 |date=November 2004 |pmid=15727234 |doi=10.1007/s10072-004-0341-1 }}</ref>
It took its name from [[Otto Marburg]]. It can be diagnosed ''in vivo'' with an [[MRI]] scan.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Capello E, Mancardi GL |title=Marburg type and Balò's concentric sclerosis: rare and acute variants of multiple sclerosis |journal=Neurol. Sci. |volume=25 |issue=Suppl |pages=S361–3 |date=November 2004 |pmid=15727234 |doi=10.1007/s10072-004-0341-1 }}</ref>
If Marburg disease occurs in the form of a single large lesion, it can be radiologically indistinguishable from a brain tumor or abscess. In such cases, craniotomy and biopsy are needed to exclude other pathologies.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walid MS, Sanoufa M |title=The diagnosis of Marburg Disease is course-dependent | journal=GMS Ger Med Sci | year=2010 | pmid= | url=http://www.egms.de/static/en/journals/gms/2010-8/000095.shtml }}</ref>
If Marburg disease occurs in the form of a single large lesion, it can be radiologically indistinguishable from a brain tumor or abscess. In such cases, craniotomy and biopsy are needed to exclude other pathologies.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walid MS, Sanoufa M |title=The diagnosis of Marburg Disease is course-dependent | journal=GMS Ger Med Sci | year=2010 | pmid= | url=http://www.egms.de/static/en/journals/gms/2010-8/000095.shtml }}</ref>
It is usually lethal, but it has been found to be responsive to [[Mitoxantrone]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jeffery DR, Lefkowitz DS, Crittenden JP |title=Treatment of Marburg variant multiple sclerosis with mitoxantrone |journal=J Neuroimaging |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=58–62 |date=January 2004 |pmid=14748210 |doi=10.1111/j.1552-6569.2004.tb00217.x}}</ref> and [[Alemtuzumab]],<ref>{{cite conference |vauthors=Gormley KM, Zajicek JP |title=Alemtuzumab and craniotomy for severe acute demyelinating illness |booktitle=16th Meeting of the European Neurological Society |year=2006 |url=http://registration.akm.ch/einsicht.php?XNABSTRACT_ID=23714&XNSPRACHE_ID=2&XNKONGRESS_ID=31&XNMASKEN_ID=900 }}</ref> and it has also been responsive to [[autologous stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kimiskidis VK, Sakellari I, Tsimourtou V, etal |title=Autologous stem cell transplantation in malignant multiple sclerosis: a case with a favorable long-term outcome |journal=Multiple Sclerosis |volume=14 |pages=278–83 |year=2007 |pmid=17942513 |doi=10.1177/1352458507082604 |issue=2}}</ref> Recent evidence shows that Marburg's presents a heterogeneous response to medication, as does standard MS.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Leussink VI, Lehmann HC, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Hartung HP, Stüve O, Kieseier BC |title=Rituximab induces clinical stabilization in a patient with fulminant multiple sclerosis not responding to natalizumab: Evidence for disease heterogeneity |journal=Journal of Neurology |volume=255 |pages=1436–8 |year=2008 |pmid=18685916 |doi=10.1007/s00415-008-0956-x |issue=9}}</ref>
It is usually lethal, but it has been found to be responsive to [[Mitoxantrone]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jeffery DR, Lefkowitz DS, Crittenden JP |title=Treatment of Marburg variant multiple sclerosis with mitoxantrone |journal=J Neuroimaging |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=58–62 |date=January 2004 |pmid=14748210 |doi=10.1111/j.1552-6569.2004.tb00217.x}}</ref> and [[Alemtuzumab]],<ref>{{cite conference |vauthors=Gormley KM, Zajicek JP |title=Alemtuzumab and craniotomy for severe acute demyelinating illness |booktitle=16th Meeting of the European Neurological Society |year=2006 |url=http://registration.akm.ch/einsicht.php?XNABSTRACT_ID=23714&XNSPRACHE_ID=2&XNKONGRESS_ID=31&XNMASKEN_ID=900 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007114035/http://registration.akm.ch/einsicht.php?XNABSTRACT_ID=23714&XNSPRACHE_ID=2&XNKONGRESS_ID=31&XNMASKEN_ID=900 |archivedate=2007-10-07 |df= }}</ref> and it has also been responsive to [[autologous stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kimiskidis VK, Sakellari I, Tsimourtou V, etal |title=Autologous stem cell transplantation in malignant multiple sclerosis: a case with a favorable long-term outcome |journal=Multiple Sclerosis |volume=14 |pages=278–83 |year=2007 |pmid=17942513 |doi=10.1177/1352458507082604 |issue=2}}</ref> Recent evidence shows that Marburg's presents a heterogeneous response to medication, as does standard MS.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Leussink VI, Lehmann HC, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Hartung HP, Stüve O, Kieseier BC |title=Rituximab induces clinical stabilization in a patient with fulminant multiple sclerosis not responding to natalizumab: Evidence for disease heterogeneity |journal=Journal of Neurology |volume=255 |pages=1436–8 |year=2008 |pmid=18685916 |doi=10.1007/s00415-008-0956-x |issue=9}}</ref>


Sometimes Marburg MS is considered a synonym for [[tumefactive MS]],<ref>[http://radiopaedia.org/cases/tumefactive-multiple-sclerosis-marburg-s-variant See explanation at]</ref> but not for all authors.<ref>Ayumi Ludwig et al, Marburg’s Variant of Multiple Sclerosis with Extensive Brain Lesions: An Autopsy Case Report. Int J Neurol Neurother 2015, 2:2 [http://clinmedlibrary.com/articles/ijnn/ijnn-2-027.pdf]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Sometimes Marburg MS is considered a synonym for [[tumefactive MS]],<ref>[http://radiopaedia.org/cases/tumefactive-multiple-sclerosis-marburg-s-variant See explanation at]</ref> but not for all authors.<ref>Ayumi Ludwig et al, Marburg’s Variant of Multiple Sclerosis with Extensive Brain Lesions: An Autopsy Case Report. Int J Neurol Neurother 2015, 2:2 [http://clinmedlibrary.com/articles/ijnn/ijnn-2-027.pdf]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Revision as of 05:51, 21 September 2017

Marburg's variant of multiple sclerosis, also known as Marburg multiple sclerosis or acute fulminant multiple sclerosis, is considered one of the multiple sclerosis borderline diseases, which is a collection of diseases classified by some as MS variants and by others as different diseases. Other diseases in this group are neuromyelitis optica (NMO), Balo concentric sclerosis, and Schilder's disease.[1] The graver course is one form of malignant multiple sclerosis, with patients reaching a significant level of disability in less than five years from their first symptoms, often in a matter of months.[2]

It took its name from Otto Marburg. It can be diagnosed in vivo with an MRI scan.[3] If Marburg disease occurs in the form of a single large lesion, it can be radiologically indistinguishable from a brain tumor or abscess. In such cases, craniotomy and biopsy are needed to exclude other pathologies.[4] It is usually lethal, but it has been found to be responsive to Mitoxantrone[5] and Alemtuzumab,[6] and it has also been responsive to autologous stem cell transplantation.[7] Recent evidence shows that Marburg's presents a heterogeneous response to medication, as does standard MS.[8]

Sometimes Marburg MS is considered a synonym for tumefactive MS,[9] but not for all authors.[10]

Prognosis

Marburg variant of MS is an acute fulminant demyelinating process which in most cases progresses inexorably to death within 1–2 years.[11] However, there are some reports of Marburg MS reaching stability by three years.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ Fontaine B (2001). "Borderline forms of multiple sclerosis". Rev. Neurol. (Paris) (in French). 157 (8–9 Pt 2): 929–34. PMID 11787357.
  2. ^ Lublin FD, Reingold SC (April 1996). "Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: Results of an international survey". Neurology. 46 (4): 907–11. doi:10.1212/WNL.46.4.907. PMID 8780061.
  3. ^ Capello E, Mancardi GL (November 2004). "Marburg type and Balò's concentric sclerosis: rare and acute variants of multiple sclerosis". Neurol. Sci. 25 (Suppl): S361–3. doi:10.1007/s10072-004-0341-1. PMID 15727234.
  4. ^ Walid MS, Sanoufa M (2010). "The diagnosis of Marburg Disease is course-dependent". GMS Ger Med Sci.
  5. ^ Jeffery DR, Lefkowitz DS, Crittenden JP (January 2004). "Treatment of Marburg variant multiple sclerosis with mitoxantrone". J Neuroimaging. 14 (1): 58–62. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6569.2004.tb00217.x. PMID 14748210.
  6. ^ Gormley KM, Zajicek JP (2006). "Alemtuzumab and craniotomy for severe acute demyelinating illness". 16th Meeting of the European Neurological Society. Archived from the original on 2007-10-07. {{cite conference}}: Unknown parameter |booktitle= ignored (|book-title= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Kimiskidis VK, Sakellari I, Tsimourtou V, et al. (2007). "Autologous stem cell transplantation in malignant multiple sclerosis: a case with a favorable long-term outcome". Multiple Sclerosis. 14 (2): 278–83. doi:10.1177/1352458507082604. PMID 17942513.
  8. ^ Leussink VI, Lehmann HC, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Hartung HP, Stüve O, Kieseier BC (2008). "Rituximab induces clinical stabilization in a patient with fulminant multiple sclerosis not responding to natalizumab: Evidence for disease heterogeneity". Journal of Neurology. 255 (9): 1436–8. doi:10.1007/s00415-008-0956-x. PMID 18685916.
  9. ^ See explanation at
  10. ^ Ayumi Ludwig et al, Marburg’s Variant of Multiple Sclerosis with Extensive Brain Lesions: An Autopsy Case Report. Int J Neurol Neurother 2015, 2:2 [1][permanent dead link]
  11. ^ Dan L. Longo; et al., eds. (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medicine (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 3407. ISBN 9780071748896. {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |editor= (help)
  12. ^ Turatti, M; Gajofatto, A; Rossi, F; Vedovello, M; Benedetti, MD (Dec 2010). "Long survival and clinical stability in Marburg's variant multiple sclerosis". Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology. 31 (6): 807–11. doi:10.1007/s10072-010-0287-4. PMID 20461429.

External links

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