Gibraltar 1: Difference between revisions
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==Age== |
==Age== |
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[[Image:Gibraltar Skull (1).JPG|thumb|left|Front view of the skull in the [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]], London]] |
[[Image:Gibraltar Skull (1).JPG|thumb|left|Front view of the skull in the [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]], London]] |
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The original find was done in a time where the palaeontological dating was still in its infancy, and no stratigraphic information was supplied with the skull, making dating at best guesswork. Another specimen from a different locale on Gibraltar ([[Gibraltar 2]]) has however been dated to between 30 thousand to 50 thousand years old.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=T. M. |author2=Tafforeau, P. |author3=Reid, D. J. |author4=Pouech, J. |author5=Lazzari, V. |author6=Zermeno, J. P. |author7=Guatelli-Steinberg, D. |author8=Olejniczak, A. J. |author9=Hoffman, A. |author10=Radovcic, J. |author11=Makaremi, M. |author12=Toussaint, M. |author13=Stringer, C. |author14=Hublin, J.-J. |title=Dental evidence for ontogenetic differences between modern humans and Neanderthals|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=15 November 2010|volume=107|issue=49|pages=20923–20928|doi=10.1073/pnas.1010906107|pmid=21078988|pmc=3000267}}</ref> The skull is that of an adult woman, also with typical Neanderthal features.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Gibraltar Skull|journal=Nature|date=12 November 1927|volume=120|issue=3028|pages=710–710|doi=10.1038/120710a0}}</ref> While the skull was one of the first to be found, it was also possibly from one of the last surviving Neanderthal populations.<ref name=Balter>{{cite web|last=Balter|first=M.|title=When Darwin Met a Neandertal|url=http://blogs.sciencemag.org/origins/2009/09/when-darwin-met-a-neandertal.html|work=Talk Origins|publisher=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|accessdate=30 March 2012}}</ref> |
The original find was done in a time where the palaeontological dating was still in its infancy, and no stratigraphic information was supplied with the skull, making dating at best guesswork. Another specimen from a different locale on Gibraltar ([[Gibraltar 2]]) has however been dated to between 30 thousand to 50 thousand years old.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=T. M. |author2=Tafforeau, P. |author3=Reid, D. J. |author4=Pouech, J. |author5=Lazzari, V. |author6=Zermeno, J. P. |author7=Guatelli-Steinberg, D. |author8=Olejniczak, A. J. |author9=Hoffman, A. |author10=Radovcic, J. |author11=Makaremi, M. |author12=Toussaint, M. |author13=Stringer, C. |author14=Hublin, J.-J. |title=Dental evidence for ontogenetic differences between modern humans and Neanderthals|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=15 November 2010|volume=107|issue=49|pages=20923–20928|doi=10.1073/pnas.1010906107|pmid=21078988|pmc=3000267}}</ref> The skull is that of an adult woman, also with typical Neanderthal features.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Gibraltar Skull|journal=Nature|date=12 November 1927|volume=120|issue=3028|pages=710–710|doi=10.1038/120710a0}}</ref> While the skull was one of the first to be found, it was also possibly from one of the last surviving Neanderthal populations.<ref name=Balter>{{cite web|last=Balter|first=M.|title=When Darwin Met a Neandertal|url=http://blogs.sciencemag.org/origins/2009/09/when-darwin-met-a-neandertal.html|work=Talk Origins|publisher=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|accessdate=30 March 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112040012/http://blogs.sciencemag.org/origins/2009/09/when-darwin-met-a-neandertal.html|archivedate=12 November 2012|df=}}</ref> |
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==Gibraltar as a refuge== |
==Gibraltar as a refuge== |
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Revision as of 05:47, 16 October 2017
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| Common name | Gibraltar Woman |
|---|---|
| Species | Homo neanderthalensis |
| Age | Unknown |
| Place discovered | Forbes' Quarry, Gibraltar |
| Date discovered | 1848 |
| Discovered by | Edmund Flint |
Gibraltar 1 is the specimen name of a Neanderthal skull found at Forbes' Quarry in Gibraltar in 1848, by Captain Edmund Flint, a British officer with the Royal Navy. Its discovery predates that of the original Neanderthal discovery but no one realised its importance at the time and it lay forgotten in a cupboard for years. The location and context of this discovery is unclear making specific dating of the skull impossible.
In 19th century science
| History of Gibraltar |
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| Timeline |
 Gibraltar portal |
Found more than ten years before the publication of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species and eight years prior to the famous discovery in the Neander Valley, the significance of the find was not understood at the time, and the skull was simply labelled as "an ancient human, died before the universal flood" and lay forgotten inside a cupboard at the Garrison Library for many years.[1] After the publication of Origin of Species, a renewed interest in the fossil human remains led to the skull being brought out of obscurity and presented at a meeting in the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1864.[2] Darwin was not present, but the skull was later examined by both Darwin and Thomas Huxley, who concluded the skull was that of an extinct human species. Darwin did however only make fleeting reference to Gibraltar 1 in the 1871 Descent of Man.[3] A cast of the skull can be viewed at the Gibraltar Museum - the original is kept by the Natural History Museum in London.
Age
.JPG)
The original find was done in a time where the palaeontological dating was still in its infancy, and no stratigraphic information was supplied with the skull, making dating at best guesswork. Another specimen from a different locale on Gibraltar (Gibraltar 2) has however been dated to between 30 thousand to 50 thousand years old.[4] The skull is that of an adult woman, also with typical Neanderthal features.[5] While the skull was one of the first to be found, it was also possibly from one of the last surviving Neanderthal populations.[2]
Gibraltar as a refuge
.JPG)
Until the late twentieth century, it was believed that the last Neanderthals disappeared about 35,000 years ago. However, studies have suggested that Neanderthals survived in southern Spain and Gibraltar to less than 30,000 years before the present. Radiocarbon dating performed on charcoal in Gorham's Cave in Gibraltar in 2006 suggests that Neanderthals lived there 24,000 to 28,000 years ago, well after the arrival of Homo sapiens in Europe 40,000 years ago. Vanguard Cave and Gorham's Cave are still the sites of active archaeological excavation in 2012. These caves may have represented the refugium of Gibraltar's Neanderthals.[6]
3D model
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Video of a 3D model of Gibraltar 1 Neanderthal skull discovered at Forbes' Quarry.
See also
- Engis 2
- Gibraltar 2
- Neanderthal
- Neanderthal 1
- List of fossil sites (with link directory)
- List of human evolution fossils (with images)
- History of Gibraltar
References
- ^ "Lower St. Michael's Cave". Visit Gibraltar. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Balter, M. "When Darwin Met a Neandertal". Talk Origins. Science. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Darwin, R.C. 1871: The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. Volume 1., page 28, 1st edition.
- ^ Smith, T. M.; Tafforeau, P.; Reid, D. J.; Pouech, J.; Lazzari, V.; Zermeno, J. P.; Guatelli-Steinberg, D.; Olejniczak, A. J.; Hoffman, A.; Radovcic, J.; Makaremi, M.; Toussaint, M.; Stringer, C.; Hublin, J.-J. (15 November 2010). "Dental evidence for ontogenetic differences between modern humans and Neanderthals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (49): 20923–20928. doi:10.1073/pnas.1010906107. PMC 3000267. PMID 21078988.
- ^ "The Gibraltar Skull". Nature. 120 (3028): 710–710. 12 November 1927. doi:10.1038/120710a0.
- ^ Rincon, Paul (13 September 2006). "Neanderthals' 'last rock refuge'". BBC News. Retrieved 12 October 2012.