Jump to content

Jerry Parr: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Duplicate word removed
No edit summary
Line 26: Line 26:
Parr died in 2015 from heart failure.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-92|[92]]]</sup>
Parr died in 2015 from heart failure.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-92|[92]]]</sup>


==Education==
==Early life==
Parr received his B.A. in English and Philosophy from [[Vanderbilt University]] in 1962. In 1987, he received his M.S. in pastoral counseling from [[Loyola College in Maryland|Loyola University]] in Maryland.<ref name="ITSS">{{cite web|url=http://inthesecretservice.com/jerrys-ministries|title=In The Secret Service|publisher=Tyndale House Publishers|accessdate=October 10, 2015}}</ref>
Parr was born in [[Montgomery, Alabama]] on September 16, 1930, and he grew up in the Miami area. Parr received his B.A. in English and Philosophy from [[Vanderbilt University]] in 1962. In 1987, he received his M.S. in pastoral counseling from [[Loyola College in Maryland|Loyola University]] in Maryland.<ref name="ITSS">{{cite web|url=http://inthesecretservice.com/jerrys-ministries|title=In The Secret Service|publisher=Tyndale House Publishers|accessdate=October 10, 2015}}</ref>


An ordained minister,<ref name="CNN">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/09/politics/secret-service-jerry-parr-dies/index.html|title=Jerry Parr, agent who helped wounded Reagan, dies - CNNPolitics|first=Steve Almasy|last=CNN|website=CNN|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref> in 1987, Parr was awarded an [[Honorary degree|honorary doctorate]] in Humane Letters from [[Eureka College]].<ref name="ITSS" />
An ordained minister,<ref name="CNN">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/09/politics/secret-service-jerry-parr-dies/index.html|title=Jerry Parr, agent who helped wounded Reagan, dies - CNNPolitics|first=Steve Almasy|last=CNN|website=CNN|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref> in 1987, Parr was awarded an [[Honorary degree|honorary doctorate]] in Humane Letters from [[Eureka College]].<ref name="ITSS" />


==Career with the Secret Service==
==Career with the Secret Service==
Parr's interest in joining the Secret Service originated as a boy after watching ''[[Code of the Secret Service]]'' (1939) starring [[Ronald Reagan]] as agent "Brass" Bancroft.{{r|wilber2011}}{{rp|18}}<ref name="SoulsofSteel">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9wCVdNzaJY0C&lpg=PT181&dq=%22Code%20of%20the%20Secret%20Service%22&pg=PT181#v=onepage&q=%22Code%20of%20the%20Secret%20Service%22&f=false|title=Souls of Steel: How to Build Character in Ourselves and Our Kids|author=Pat Williams|author2=Jim Denney|publisher=[[FaithWords]]/[[Hachette Book Group USA]]|location=[[New York City]]|date=February 2008|isbn=978-0-446-51129-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdCLMpSY5qkC&lpg=PA18&dq=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22&f=false|title=Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronald Reagan|author=[[Del Quentin Wilber]]|publisher=[[Henry Holt and Company]]|location=[[New York City]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0-8050-9346-9|pages=18–20, 224}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ysi2TV3DNYC&lpg=PA173&dq=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22&pg=PA173#v=onepage&q=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22&f=false|title=The Hardball Handbook: How to Win at Life|author=[[Chris Matthews]]|publisher=[[Random House]]|location=[[New York City]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8129-7597-0|pages=173–174}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEal3OUTTkYC&lpg=PT174&dq=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22%20jerry%20parr&pg=PT174#v=onepage&q=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22%20jerry%20parr&f=false|title=Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty-Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism|author=[[Peter Schweizer]]|publisher=[[Anchor Books]]/[[Random House]]|location=[[New York City]]|year=2002|isbn=978-1-4000-7556-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=When Character was King: A Story of Ronald Reagan|author=[[Peggy Noonan]]|publisher=[[Viking Press|Viking]] [[Penguin Group|Penguin]]|location=[[New York City]]|year=2001|isbn=0-670-88235-6|page=195}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGgIP1yJiT4C&lpg=PA192&dq=%22Code%20of%20the%20Secret%20Service%22&pg=PA192#v=onepage&q=%22Code%20of%20the%20Secret%20Service%22&f=false|title=The Greatest Presidential Stories Never Told: 100 Tales from History to Astonish, Bewilder, and Stupefy|publisher=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|The History Channel]]/[[HarperCollins]]|location=[[New York City]]|author=Rick Beyer|year=2007|isbn=978-0-06-076018-2|page=192}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/595099848/Secret-Service-secrets-revealed.html|title=Secret Service secrets revealed|work=[[Deseret News]]|date=October 22, 2004|author=Scott D. Pierce}}</ref> He was working as a lineman for Florida Power and Light in 1962 when he was interviewed by a visiting recruiter for the Secret Service. When asked if he was able to assume the risks of the job, Parr replied it was probably no more dangerous than what he had been doing for the power company.<ref name=":0" /> He joined the Secret Service at age 32, the oldest rookie in his class.<ref name="ITSS" />
Parr's interest in joining the Secret Service originated as a boy after watching ''[[Code of the Secret Service]]'' (1939) starring [[Ronald Reagan]] as agent "Brass" Bancroft.{{r|wilber2011}}{{rp|18}}<ref name="SoulsofSteel">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9wCVdNzaJY0C&lpg=PT181&dq=%22Code%20of%20the%20Secret%20Service%22&pg=PT181#v=onepage&q=%22Code%20of%20the%20Secret%20Service%22&f=false|title=Souls of Steel: How to Build Character in Ourselves and Our Kids|author=Pat Williams|author2=Jim Denney|publisher=[[FaithWords]]/[[Hachette Book Group USA]]|location=[[New York City]]|date=February 2008|isbn=978-0-446-51129-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdCLMpSY5qkC&lpg=PA18&dq=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22&f=false|title=Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronald Reagan|author=[[Del Quentin Wilber]]|publisher=[[Henry Holt and Company]]|location=[[New York City]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0-8050-9346-9|pages=18–20, 224}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ysi2TV3DNYC&lpg=PA173&dq=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22&pg=PA173#v=onepage&q=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22&f=false|title=The Hardball Handbook: How to Win at Life|author=[[Chris Matthews]]|publisher=[[Random House]]|location=[[New York City]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8129-7597-0|pages=173–174}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEal3OUTTkYC&lpg=PT174&dq=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22%20jerry%20parr&pg=PT174#v=onepage&q=%22code%20of%20the%20secret%20service%22%20jerry%20parr&f=false|title=Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty-Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism|author=[[Peter Schweizer]]|publisher=[[Anchor Books]]/[[Random House]]|location=[[New York City]]|year=2002|isbn=978-1-4000-7556-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=When Character was King: A Story of Ronald Reagan|author=[[Peggy Noonan]]|publisher=[[Viking Press|Viking]] [[Penguin Group|Penguin]]|location=[[New York City]]|year=2001|isbn=0-670-88235-6|page=195}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGgIP1yJiT4C&lpg=PA192&dq=%22Code%20of%20the%20Secret%20Service%22&pg=PA192#v=onepage&q=%22Code%20of%20the%20Secret%20Service%22&f=false|title=The Greatest Presidential Stories Never Told: 100 Tales from History to Astonish, Bewilder, and Stupefy|publisher=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|The History Channel]]/[[HarperCollins]]|location=[[New York City]]|author=Rick Beyer|year=2007|isbn=978-0-06-076018-2|page=192}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/595099848/Secret-Service-secrets-revealed.html|title=Secret Service secrets revealed|work=[[Deseret News]]|date=October 22, 2004|author=Scott D. Pierce}}</ref> He was working as a lineman for Florida Power and Light in 1962 when he was interviewed by a visiting recruiter for the Secret Service. When asked if he was able to assume the risks of the job, Parr replied it was probably no more dangerous than what he had been doing for the power company.<ref name=":0" /> He joined the Secret Service at age 32, the oldest rookie in his class.<ref name="ITSS" /> His first protection assignment was [[John F. Kennedy]] and [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] at the funeral of [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]. After Kennedy was [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|assassinated]], Parr was assigned to protect [[Marina Oswald]], and Marguerite Oswald, the widow, and the mother, respectively, of [[Lee Harvey Oswald]] until completion of Marina's testimony before the [[Warren Commission]].


Over the next 23 years, Parr conducted 15 foreign and 65 domestic protective surveys for various Presidents and Vice Presidents, and worked with security, intelligence and law enforcement professionals in all 50 states and in 37 countries.<ref name="wpost" /> From 1969-78, he worked for the Foreign Dignitary Division as a mid-level supervisor on the Humphrey, Agnew and Ford details, and directed security for 56 foreign [[Head of State|heads of state]], including Queen Elizabeth of England, Emperor Hirohito of Japan, King Juan Carlos of Spain and Pope John Paul II.<ref name="Newsweek" /><ref name="ITSS" />
Over the next 23 years, Parr conducted 15 foreign and 65 domestic protective surveys for various Presidents and Vice Presidents, and worked with security, intelligence and law enforcement professionals in all 50 states and in 37 countries.<ref name="wpost" /> From 1969-78, he worked for the Foreign Dignitary Division as a mid-level supervisor on the Humphrey, Agnew and Ford details, and directed security for 56 foreign [[Head of State|heads of state]], including Queen Elizabeth of England, Emperor Hirohito of Japan, King Juan Carlos of Spain and Pope John Paul II.<ref name="Newsweek" /><ref name="ITSS" />
Line 42: Line 42:


{{main|Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan}}
{{main|Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan}}
On March 30, 1981, [[John Hinckley Jr.]] opened fire on President [[Ronald Reagan]] as he exited the Washington Hilton Hotel after giving a speech, firing six bullets in 1.7 seconds.<ref name="wilber2011">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdCLMpSY5qkC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronad Reagan|author=Wilber, Del Quentin|publisher=Macmillan|year=2011|isbn=0-8050-9346-X}}</ref> Instantly, Parr quickly pushed Reagan into the limousine, and as a result, one of the bullets overshot the president. Parr's prompt reaction had saved Reagan from being hit in the head.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-wilber2011-13|[13]]]:224</sup> The final bullet ricocheted off the armored side of the limousine and hit the president in the left underarm, grazing a rib and lodging in his lung, causing it to partially collapse, and stopping less than an inch (25&nbsp;mm) from his heart.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-king010330-32|[32]]][[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-reagan.com-17|[17]]][[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-trial-20|[20]]]</sup>
On March 30, 1981, [[John Hinckley Jr.]] opened fire on President [[Ronald Reagan]] as he exited the Washington Hilton Hotel after giving a speech, firing six bullets in 1.7 seconds.<ref name="wilber2011">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdCLMpSY5qkC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronad Reagan|author=Wilber, Del Quentin|publisher=Macmillan|year=2011|isbn=0-8050-9346-X}}</ref> Parr quickly pushed Reagan into the limousine, and as a result, one of the bullets overshot the president. Parr's prompt reaction had saved Reagan from being hit in the head.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-wilber2011-13|[13]]]:224</sup> The final bullet ricocheted off the armored side of the limousine and hit the president in the left underarm, grazing a rib and lodging in his lung, causing it to partially collapse, and stopping less than an inch (25&nbsp;mm) from his heart.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-king010330-32|[32]]][[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-reagan.com-17|[17]]][[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-trial-20|[20]]]</sup>


Carolyn, Parr's wife, had been standing directly across the street when the shooting occurred. Parr had called to invite her to come watch the president's exit and get a fun glimpse of her husband in action.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-wilber2011-13|[13]]]:164</sup>
Carolyn, Parr's wife, had been standing directly across the street when the shooting occurred. Parr had called to invite her to come watch the president's exit and get a fun glimpse of her husband in action.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-wilber2011-13|[13]]]:164</sup>

Revision as of 22:38, 16 June 2019

Jerry Parr
Born(1930-09-16)September 16, 1930
Montgomery, Alabama
DiedOctober 9, 2015(2015-10-09) (aged 85)
Washington, D.C.
EducationVanderbilt University
Loyola University
OccupationSecret Service Agent
EmployerUnited States Secret Service
Known forSaving President Reagan during his assassination attempt.
Spouse(s)
Carolyn Parr
​
(m. 1959⁠–⁠2015)​
, his death
Children3

Jerry S. Parr (September 16, 1930 – October 9, 2015) was a United States Secret Service agent who served under five U.S presidents; from John F. Kennedy to Ronald Reagan. Parr is best known for his notable act of bravery while defending President Reagan during the assassination attempt on Reagan's life on March 30, 1981 in Washington, D.C..

During the assassination attempt, Parr pushed the President into the presidential limousine, and made the critical decision to divert the presidential motorcade to George Washington University Hospital instead of returning to the White House.

Parr was honored with U.S. Congress commendations for his actions that day and is widely credited with helping to save the President's life.[1][2][3]

Parr died in 2015 from heart failure.[92]

Early life

Parr was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 16, 1930, and he grew up in the Miami area. Parr received his B.A. in English and Philosophy from Vanderbilt University in 1962. In 1987, he received his M.S. in pastoral counseling from Loyola University in Maryland.[4]

An ordained minister,[5] in 1987, Parr was awarded an honorary doctorate in Humane Letters from Eureka College.[4]

Career with the Secret Service

Parr's interest in joining the Secret Service originated as a boy after watching Code of the Secret Service (1939) starring Ronald Reagan as agent "Brass" Bancroft.[6]: 18 [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] He was working as a lineman for Florida Power and Light in 1962 when he was interviewed by a visiting recruiter for the Secret Service. When asked if he was able to assume the risks of the job, Parr replied it was probably no more dangerous than what he had been doing for the power company.[14] He joined the Secret Service at age 32, the oldest rookie in his class.[4] His first protection assignment was John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson at the funeral of Eleanor Roosevelt. After Kennedy was assassinated, Parr was assigned to protect Marina Oswald, and Marguerite Oswald, the widow, and the mother, respectively, of Lee Harvey Oswald until completion of Marina's testimony before the Warren Commission.

Over the next 23 years, Parr conducted 15 foreign and 65 domestic protective surveys for various Presidents and Vice Presidents, and worked with security, intelligence and law enforcement professionals in all 50 states and in 37 countries.[3] From 1969-78, he worked for the Foreign Dignitary Division as a mid-level supervisor on the Humphrey, Agnew and Ford details, and directed security for 56 foreign heads of state, including Queen Elizabeth of England, Emperor Hirohito of Japan, King Juan Carlos of Spain and Pope John Paul II.[2][4]

From 1978-1979, he was Special Agent in Charge of the Vice Presidential Protective Division, where he directed security for Vice President Mondale. In 1979, Parr moved to the Presidential Protective Division, where he was Special Agent in Charge and Head of the White House Detail.[4] There, he directed security for Presidents Carter and Reagan. In 1982, he became Assistant Director of Protective Research, and in 1985, Parr retired from the Secret Service. Parr's story is told in his autobiography, In the Secret Service: The True Story Of The Man who Saved President Reagan (Tyndale House Publishing), co-authored by his wife Carolyn Parr.

Assassination attempt

US President Ronald Reagan waves just before he is shot outside a Washington hotel on March 30, 1981. From left are an unidentified man in a business suit; Parr, in raincoat, who pushed Reagan into the limousine; press secretary James Brady, who was seriously wounded; Reagan; Michael Deaver, Reagan's aide; unidentified policeman; Washington policeman Thomas K. Delahanty, who was shot; and secret service agent Tim McCarthy, who was shot in the stomach.
Main article: Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan

On March 30, 1981, John Hinckley Jr. opened fire on President Ronald Reagan as he exited the Washington Hilton Hotel after giving a speech, firing six bullets in 1.7 seconds.[6] Parr quickly pushed Reagan into the limousine, and as a result, one of the bullets overshot the president. Parr's prompt reaction had saved Reagan from being hit in the head.[13]:224 The final bullet ricocheted off the armored side of the limousine and hit the president in the left underarm, grazing a rib and lodging in his lung, causing it to partially collapse, and stopping less than an inch (25 mm) from his heart.[32][17][20]

Carolyn, Parr's wife, had been standing directly across the street when the shooting occurred. Parr had called to invite her to come watch the president's exit and get a fun glimpse of her husband in action.[13]:164

After the Secret Service first announced "shots fired" over its radio network at 2:27 p.m., Reagan—codename "Rawhide"—was taken away by the agents in the limousine ("Stagecoach").[36][13]:66 At first, no one knew that he had been shot, and Parr stated that "Rawhide is OK...we're going to Crown" (the White House), as he preferred its medical facilities to an unsecured hospital.[37][36]

Reagan was in great pain from the bullet that struck his rib, and he believed that the rib had cracked when Parr pushed him into the limousine. When the agent checked him for gunshot wounds, however, Reagan coughed up bright, frothy blood.[32] Although the president believed that he had cut his lip,[37] Parr believed that the cracked rib had punctured Reagan's lung and ordered the motorcade to divert to nearby George Washington University Hospital, which the Secret Service periodically inspected for use.[23] Although Reagan came close to death, the medical team's quick action—and Parr's decision to drive to the hospital instead of the White House—likely saved the president's life.[32]

After the assassination attempt, Jerry Parr was hailed as a hero[6] and received Congressional commendations for his actions, and was named one of four "Top Cops" in the U.S. by Parade Magazine.[15] He later wrote about the assassination attempt in his autobiography, calling it both the best and the worst day of his life.[4] Parr came to believe that God had directed his life so that he could one day save the president's, and became a pastor after retiring from the Secret Service in 1985.[13]:224

Community service

Parr was very active in his church in Washington, D.C., where he was a former co-pastor, retreat leader and spiritual director. He served on the Board of Directors at Joseph's House, an organization for men with AIDS and co-founded Servant Leadership School.[4] In April 1992, he drove a school bus more than 3,000 miles from Washington, D.C. to deliver supplies to an orphanage in San Salvador.[16]

Death

Parr died of congestive heart failure at a hospice in Washington, D.C. on October 9, 2015, aged 85.[5][17] He was survived by Carolyn, his wife of nearly 56 years, three daughters and four granddaughters.[14]

Awards and honors

Professional organizations

Parr was a member of the Association for Conflict Resolution and American Association of Pastoral Counsellors. Previously, he was the president of the Association of Former Agents of the U.S. Secret Service.[4]

Filmography

Parr was a film advisor for the movies In the Line of Fire (1993) and Contact (1997), and for the documentaries In the Line of Fire: Behind the Scenes with the Secret Service (1993), and Inside the US Secret Service (2004). He also served as a commentator on Larry King Live[18], Meet the Press, Discovery Channel, History Channel, PBS, and Travel Channel.

Depiction in media

Parr was portrayed by Joe Chrest in the 2016 television film Killing Reagan.

References

  1. ^ Wilber, Del Quentin (2011). Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronald Reagan. Macmillan. ISBN 0-8050-9346-X.
  2. ^ a b "At The Edge Of Death". Newsweek. October 4, 1999. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
  3. ^ a b Sue Anne Pressley (March 30, 2006). "When History, Destiny Converged". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "In The Secret Service". Tyndale House Publishers. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
  5. ^ a b CNN, Steve Almasy. "Jerry Parr, agent who helped wounded Reagan, dies - CNNPolitics". CNN. Retrieved 20 August 2017. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  6. ^ a b c Wilber, Del Quentin (2011). Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronad Reagan. Macmillan. ISBN 0-8050-9346-X.
  7. ^ Pat Williams; Jim Denney (February 2008). Souls of Steel: How to Build Character in Ourselves and Our Kids. New York City: FaithWords/Hachette Book Group USA. ISBN 978-0-446-51129-2.
  8. ^ Del Quentin Wilber (2011). Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronald Reagan. New York City: Henry Holt and Company. pp. 18–20, 224. ISBN 978-0-8050-9346-9.
  9. ^ Chris Matthews (2009). The Hardball Handbook: How to Win at Life. New York City: Random House. pp. 173–174. ISBN 978-0-8129-7597-0.
  10. ^ Peter Schweizer (2002). Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty-Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism. New York City: Anchor Books/Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-7556-0.
  11. ^ Peggy Noonan (2001). When Character was King: A Story of Ronald Reagan. New York City: Viking Penguin. p. 195. ISBN 0-670-88235-6.
  12. ^ Rick Beyer (2007). The Greatest Presidential Stories Never Told: 100 Tales from History to Astonish, Bewilder, and Stupefy. New York City: The History Channel/HarperCollins. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-06-076018-2.
  13. ^ Scott D. Pierce (October 22, 2004). "Secret Service secrets revealed". Deseret News.
  14. ^ a b Weil, Martin (2015-10-10). "Jerry Parr, Secret Service agent who helped save Ronald Reagan, dies at 85". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  15. ^ Jerry., Parr,. In the Secret Service : the true story of the man who saved President Reagan's life. Carol Stream, Illinois. ISBN 9781414378718. OCLC 833301074.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Jerry., Parr,. In the Secret Service : the true story of the man who saved President Reagan's life. Carol Stream, Illinois. ISBN 9781414378718. OCLC 833301074.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ Wilber, Del Quentin (October 9, 2015). "Jerry Parr, U.S. Agent Who Saved Reagan's Life, Dies at 85". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
  18. ^ "Investigating the President: Should Secret Service Agents Have to Testify?". Larry King Live. CNN. July 14, 1998. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Parr&oldid=902150314"