Gilberto Lerma Plata: Difference between revisions
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|footnotes = Imprisoned at the [[Federal Correctional Institution, Beaumont|Federal Correctional Institution]] in [[Beaumont, Texas]] |
|footnotes = Imprisoned at the [[Federal Correctional Institution, Beaumont|Federal Correctional Institution]] in [[Beaumont, Texas]] |
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'''Gilberto Lerma Plata''' (born 1962/1963) is a Mexican former police commander and convicted drug lord who was a high-ranking member of the [[Gulf Cartel]], a criminal group based in [[Tamaulipas]]. |
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He began his career in 1993 as a police officer in the [[Tamaulipas State Police]], when his cousin [[Manuel Cavazos Lerma]] became [[Governor of Tamaulipas]]. Lerma Plata was eventually promoted to police commander in [[Reynosa Municipality|Reynosa]] and [[Miguel Alemán Municipality|Miguel Alemán]]. |
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| ⚫ | In 2012, he attempted to cross the U.S.-Mexico border to visit his family members in Texas, but was arrested by U.S. officials. Lerma Plata was unaware of the charges he faced in the U.S. because the indictment remained sealed in court. In 2013, he pleaded guilty to marijuana trafficking and was later sentenced to 154-months in prison. He was also ordered to forfeit US$10 billion in drug proceeds |
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| ⚫ | In the late 1990s, while still working for the police, Lerma Plata joined the Gulf Cartel. His roles in the cartel were facilitating drug trafficking operations from Mexico to the U.S., coordinating cash smuggling operations, and aiding in the procurement of firearms. In 2011, he was indicted by the [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia]] for cocaine and marijuana trafficking. |
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| ⚫ | In 2012, he attempted to cross the U.S.-Mexico border to visit his family members in Texas, but was arrested by U.S. officials. Lerma Plata was unaware of the charges he faced in the U.S. because the indictment remained sealed in court. In 2013, he pleaded guilty to marijuana trafficking and was later sentenced to 154-months in prison. He was also ordered to forfeit US$10 billion in drug proceeds. |
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Lerma Plata is serving his sentence at the [[Federal Correctional Institution, Beaumont|Federal Correctional Institution]] in [[Beaumont, Texas]], and is expected to be released in 2023. |
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==Early life and career== |
==Early life and career== |
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Gilberto Lerma Plata was born in {{birth based on age as of date|50|2013|3|5|noage=1}}.<ref name="9MDG6" /> He started his career as a police officer in the [[Tamaulipas State Police]] in 1993, when his cousin [[Manuel Cavazos Lerma]] from the [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]] (PRI) became [[Governor of Tamaulipas]].{{efn|According to one local newspaper in Tamaulipas, Lerma Plata was not related to Cavazos Lerma. The newspaper reportedly interviewed Cavazos Lerma's family members, who clarified that they had a relative named Gilberto Lema Plata but that he had died in [[Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas]] in 2010.<ref name="Mwmtt" /> Various U.S. officials who were not authorized to speak to the press stated that Lerma Plata was indeed a relative of Cavazos Lerma.<ref name="4VUmx" />}}<ref name=":4" /> He was eventually promoted to commander in [[Reynosa Municipality|Reynosa]] before being transferred to head the force in [[Miguel Alemán Municipality|Miguel Alemán]], a post that also included the municipalities of [[Mier Municipality|Mier]] and [[Guerrero Municipality, Tamaulipas|Guerrero]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8" /> In the late 1990s, while still employed by the state police, Lerma Plata joined the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas.<ref name=":7" /> According to security forces, Lerma Plata was on the Gulf Cartel's payroll and used his authority as a police officer to facilitate drug trafficking operations.<ref name="06IpC" /> Two police officers who eventually joined the cartel, [[Samuel Flores Borrego]] and [[Aurelio Cano Flores]], worked under him in the state police.<ref name="xww3s" />{{sfn|Deibert|2014|p=67}} Both of them would eventually become high-ranking cartel members.{{sfn|Cedillo|2018|p=na, Chapter 3: La ruptura con el Cártel del Golfo}} |
Gilberto Lerma Plata was born in {{birth based on age as of date|50|2013|3|5|noage=1}}.<ref name="9MDG6" /> He started his career as a police officer in the [[Tamaulipas State Police]] in 1993, when his cousin [[Manuel Cavazos Lerma]] from the [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]] (PRI) became [[Governor of Tamaulipas]].{{efn|According to one local newspaper in Tamaulipas, Lerma Plata was not related to Cavazos Lerma. The newspaper reportedly interviewed Cavazos Lerma's family members, who clarified that they had a relative named Gilberto Lema Plata but that he had died in [[Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas]] in 2010.<ref name="Mwmtt" /> Various U.S. officials who were not authorized to speak to the press stated that Lerma Plata was indeed a relative of Cavazos Lerma.<ref name="4VUmx" />}}<ref name=":4" /> He was eventually promoted to commander in [[Reynosa Municipality|Reynosa]] before being transferred to head the force in [[Miguel Alemán Municipality|Miguel Alemán]], a post that also included the municipalities of [[Mier Municipality|Mier]] and [[Guerrero Municipality, Tamaulipas|Guerrero]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8" /> In the late 1990s, while still employed by the state police, Lerma Plata joined the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas.<ref name=":7" /> According to security forces, Lerma Plata was on the Gulf Cartel's payroll and used his authority as a police officer to facilitate drug trafficking operations.<ref name="06IpC" /> Two police officers who eventually joined the cartel, [[Samuel Flores Borrego]] and [[Aurelio Cano Flores]], worked under him in the state police.<ref name="xww3s" />{{sfn|Deibert|2014|p=67}} Both of them would eventually become high-ranking cartel members.{{sfn|Cedillo|2018|p=na, Chapter 3: La ruptura con el Cártel del Golfo}} |
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According to the U.S. government, Lerma Plata became involved in drug trafficking operations since 1998 and was active continuously until 2001.<ref name=":5" /> During this period, he received bribery payments from La Compañía (English: The Company), a named that collectively referred to the co-organization of the Gulf Cartel and its former paramilitary group [[Los Zetas]], in exchange for protection of their operations in Miguel Alemán.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9" /> Leaked reports from Mexico's [[Attorney General's Office (Mexico)|Attorney General's Office]] (PGR) stated that the bribery payments received by Lerma Plata were used to pay politicians in Tamaulipas.<ref name=":7" /> |
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In or around 2006, Lerma Plata was responsible for smuggling and/or attempting to smuggle {{Convert|5|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} or more of cocaine and {{Convert|1000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} of more of marijuana from Mexico to the U.S.<ref name=":5" /> This information was detailed in the 29 July 2011 [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia]] (D.D.C.) indictment against him.<ref name=":6" /> In the indictment, U.S. authorities described how they intercepted approximately fourteen phone conversations between Lerma Plata and Flores Borrego, where they discussed cocaine and marijuana schemes, procurement of firearms (specifically AK-47s and AR-15s), and cash smuggling operations for the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> These topics were often covered simultaneously in the same phone conversations, and U.S. authorities stated that this meant that each of the crimes were concurrent and should not be judged separately. The indictment stated that Lerma Plata helped procure weapons for the cartel to facilitate their drug operations, and that he was involved in money laundering.<ref name=":5" /> Mexican intelligence reports stated that the leader of the Gulf Cartel, [[Osiel Cárdenas Guillén]], had direct contact with corrupt officials from state and federal police in Tamaulipas to provide the cartel with information on law enforcement's actions.<ref name=":0" /> Lerma Plata was responsible for communicating with commanders from the Tamaulipas State Police and the [[Federal Police (Mexico)|Federal Preventive Police]] (PFP) stationed in Miguel Alemán, [[Camargo Municipality, Tamaulipas|Camargo]], [[Valle Hermoso Municipality|Valle Hermoso]], [[San Fernando, Tamaulipas|San Fernando]], and [[Ciudad Victoria]] to coordinate with the Gulf Cartel.<ref name="osielcontrolo" /> |
In or around 2006, Lerma Plata was responsible for smuggling and/or attempting to smuggle {{Convert|5|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} or more of cocaine and {{Convert|1000|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} of more of marijuana from Mexico to the U.S.<ref name=":5" /> This information was detailed in the 29 July 2011 [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia]] (D.D.C.) indictment against him.<ref name=":6" /> In the indictment, U.S. authorities described how they intercepted approximately fourteen phone conversations between Lerma Plata and Flores Borrego, where they discussed cocaine and marijuana schemes, procurement of firearms (specifically AK-47s and AR-15s), and cash smuggling operations for the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> These topics were often covered simultaneously in the same phone conversations, and U.S. authorities stated that this meant that each of the crimes were concurrent and should not be judged separately. The indictment stated that Lerma Plata helped procure weapons for the cartel to facilitate their drug operations, and that he was involved in money laundering.<ref name=":5" /> Mexican intelligence reports stated that the leader of the Gulf Cartel, [[Osiel Cárdenas Guillén]], had direct contact with corrupt officials from state and federal police in Tamaulipas to provide the cartel with information on law enforcement's actions.<ref name=":0" /> Lerma Plata was responsible for communicating with commanders from the Tamaulipas State Police and the [[Federal Police (Mexico)|Federal Preventive Police]] (PFP) stationed in Miguel Alemán, [[Camargo Municipality, Tamaulipas|Camargo]], [[Valle Hermoso Municipality|Valle Hermoso]], [[San Fernando, Tamaulipas|San Fernando]], and [[Ciudad Victoria]] to coordinate with the Gulf Cartel.<ref name="osielcontrolo" /> |
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Revision as of 05:12, 8 September 2019
Gilberto Lerma Plata | |
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| Born | Gilberto Lerma Plata 1962 or 1963 (age 61–62) |
| Nationality | Mexican |
| Occupations |
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| Employers | |
| Criminal charge |
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| Criminal penalty | 154 months |
| Criminal status |
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| Notes | |
Imprisoned at the Federal Correctional Institution in Beaumont, Texas | |
Gilberto Lerma Plata (born 1962/1963) is a Mexican former police commander and convicted drug lord who was a high-ranking member of the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas.
He began his career in 1993 as a police officer in the Tamaulipas State Police, when his cousin Manuel Cavazos Lerma became Governor of Tamaulipas. Lerma Plata was eventually promoted to police commander in Reynosa and Miguel Alemán.
In the late 1990s, while still working for the police, Lerma Plata joined the Gulf Cartel. His roles in the cartel were facilitating drug trafficking operations from Mexico to the U.S., coordinating cash smuggling operations, and aiding in the procurement of firearms. In 2011, he was indicted by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia for cocaine and marijuana trafficking.
In 2012, he attempted to cross the U.S.-Mexico border to visit his family members in Texas, but was arrested by U.S. officials. Lerma Plata was unaware of the charges he faced in the U.S. because the indictment remained sealed in court. In 2013, he pleaded guilty to marijuana trafficking and was later sentenced to 154-months in prison. He was also ordered to forfeit US$10 billion in drug proceeds.
Lerma Plata is serving his sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution in Beaumont, Texas, and is expected to be released in 2023.
Early life and career
Gilberto Lerma Plata was born in 1962 or 1963.[1] He started his career as a police officer in the Tamaulipas State Police in 1993, when his cousin Manuel Cavazos Lerma from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) became Governor of Tamaulipas.[a][4] He was eventually promoted to commander in Reynosa before being transferred to head the force in Miguel Alemán, a post that also included the municipalities of Mier and Guerrero.[4][5] In the late 1990s, while still employed by the state police, Lerma Plata joined the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas.[6] According to security forces, Lerma Plata was on the Gulf Cartel's payroll and used his authority as a police officer to facilitate drug trafficking operations.[7] Two police officers who eventually joined the cartel, Samuel Flores Borrego and Aurelio Cano Flores, worked under him in the state police.[8][9] Both of them would eventually become high-ranking cartel members.[10]
According to the U.S. government, Lerma Plata became involved in drug trafficking operations since 1998 and was active continuously until 2001.[11] During this period, he received bribery payments from La Compañía (English: The Company), a named that collectively referred to the co-organization of the Gulf Cartel and its former paramilitary group Los Zetas, in exchange for protection of their operations in Miguel Alemán.[11][12] Leaked reports from Mexico's Attorney General's Office (PGR) stated that the bribery payments received by Lerma Plata were used to pay politicians in Tamaulipas.[6]
In or around 2006, Lerma Plata was responsible for smuggling and/or attempting to smuggle 5 kg (11 lb) or more of cocaine and 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of more of marijuana from Mexico to the U.S.[11] This information was detailed in the 29 July 2011 United States District Court for the District of Columbia (D.D.C.) indictment against him.[13] In the indictment, U.S. authorities described how they intercepted approximately fourteen phone conversations between Lerma Plata and Flores Borrego, where they discussed cocaine and marijuana schemes, procurement of firearms (specifically AK-47s and AR-15s), and cash smuggling operations for the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas.[11][13] These topics were often covered simultaneously in the same phone conversations, and U.S. authorities stated that this meant that each of the crimes were concurrent and should not be judged separately. The indictment stated that Lerma Plata helped procure weapons for the cartel to facilitate their drug operations, and that he was involved in money laundering.[11] Mexican intelligence reports stated that the leader of the Gulf Cartel, Osiel Cárdenas Guillén, had direct contact with corrupt officials from state and federal police in Tamaulipas to provide the cartel with information on law enforcement's actions.[14] Lerma Plata was responsible for communicating with commanders from the Tamaulipas State Police and the Federal Preventive Police (PFP) stationed in Miguel Alemán, Camargo, Valle Hermoso, San Fernando, and Ciudad Victoria to coordinate with the Gulf Cartel.[15]
In addition, the indictment stated that U.S. authorities had a "cooperating witness" who worked for the Gulf Cartel and was willing to testify against Lerma Plata in court.[11] According to his declarations, the unnamed witness met Lerma Plata in Miguel Alemán in 1998 and confirmed he was the head of the local police force. He stated that both of them worked together arranging bribery payments to ensure that the cartel was not interrupted by law enforcement crackdowns while conducting drug trafficking operations.[6][11] He stated that he paid Lerma Plata between US$15,000 to US$20,000 a year to allow him to move marijuana through the Miguel Alemán corridor. Moreover, the witness had information about Flores Borrego's role in Lerma Plata's schemes, and confirmed that Flores Borrego worked under Lerma Plata by providing protection to the cartel as a policeman. He also provided personal details of Florres Borrego's relationship with Lerma Plata, including the fact that Lerma Plata was the godfather of one Flores Borrego's children.[11]
Arrest and conviction
On 6 April 2012,[b] Lerma Plata was arrested by U.S. authorities while crossing the McAllen–Hidalgo–Reynosa International Bridge from Mexico.[5][17] He was crossing to the U.S. to visit his family in the Rio Grande Valley on Good Friday, but was arrested after a U.S. official ran his information in their database and was notified that he was wanted by the D.D.C. for drug trafficking charges. Lerma Plata was unaware of his charges in the U.S. at the moment of his arrest because the charges against him were in a sealed indictment.[4][5] The indictment was unsealed on 9 April.[5] Lerma Plata appeared at the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas in McAllen for an initial court hearing the following day.[4]
An identity and bond hearing session was planned to be held on 12 April in McAllen, a common practice in federal court cases, but Lerma Plata's Brownsville-based attorney Noe Garza Jr. waived the identity session. He asked the judge to move his initial hearing until Lerma Plata was transferred to Washington D.C., where he would formally face his drug trafficking charges. Garza said that he planned to represent Lerma Plata after he was transferred from Texas to Washington D.C. On 13 April, he appeared before Magistrate Judge Peter Ormsby in McAllen for his initial hearing. Lerma Plata remained silent throughout the entire session as the judge read the charges against him; more than a dozen of his family members and several Mexican journalists were present in the courtroom. Since Lerma Plata was an American citizen,[c] he legally had the right to bail. However, in order for a bail to be considered, details from the prosecution's case would have to be openly presented in court. Once the session concluded, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) refused to comment on the case. Garza did the same, and stated he was not in the liberty to discuss the background of his client.[14]
The prosecution consisted of the trial attorneys Adrián Rosales and Darrin McCullough, who was part of the DOJ's Narcotic and Dangerous Drug Section (NDDS). Both the DEA field office in Houston, Texas, and the DEA's Bilateral Investigations Unit participated in the investigation against Lerma Plata. Instead of going to trial, DOJ attorney Mythili Raman and DEA administrator Michele Leonhart announced that Lerma Plata pleaded guilty before U.S. District Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly to international marijuana trafficking on 1 March 2013.[18][19] "As a Mexican police officer, [Lerma Plata] was supposed to protect the public from harm. Instead, he abused his power to further the notorious Gulf Cartel's violent narcotics trafficking operations," Raman said in the DOJ press release.[20] Leonhart stated that Lerma Plata used violence, intimidation, and corruption to further the Gulf Cartel's drug trafficking capacity, and stated that the DEA would continue to aggressively crackdown on the Gulf Cartel and other criminal groups who "harm neighborhoods and communities" in the U.S. and Mexico.[18]
On 24 October 2013, Lerma Plata was sentenced to 154 months in prison (roughly 12.5 years) by Kollar-Kotelly for the marijuana trafficking charges.[21][22] In addition to his sentence, he was ordered to forfeit US$10 billion in drug profits.[23] This amount was finalized after the prosecution proved that this was the gross profit amount the Gulf Cartel made in sales between 2006 and 2011, when it smuggled roughly 1,400,000 kg (3,100,000 lb) of cocaine and 8,000 metric tons of marijuana from Mexico to the U.S. Raman reiterated in the sentencing announcement that Lerma Plata used his police duties against the public good and to further his own interests. "Today, this former crime fighter will start serving his prison sentence alongside the cartel members he assisted and will be required to forfeit 10 billion dollars in ill-gotten gains – a fitting end to his criminal career," Raman stated.[21] Lerma Plata was imprisoned at the Federal Correctional Institution in Beaumont, Texas, and is expected to be released on 22 March 2023.[24]
See also
Footnotes
- ^ According to one local newspaper in Tamaulipas, Lerma Plata was not related to Cavazos Lerma. The newspaper reportedly interviewed Cavazos Lerma's family members, who clarified that they had a relative named Gilberto Lema Plata but that he had died in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas in 2010.[2] Various U.S. officials who were not authorized to speak to the press stated that Lerma Plata was indeed a relative of Cavazos Lerma.[3]
- ^ Another source confused the date with 9 May 2012.[16]
- ^ Besides holding U.S. citizenship, Lerma Plata was cited as a Brownsville, Texas resident in 2012.[14]
References
- ^ "Se declara ex comandante de Tamaulipas culpable de tráfico de drogas". MVS Comunicaciones (in Spanish). Notimex. 5 March 2013. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Policía detenido en Texas no es pariente de Cavazos Lerma, asegura portal". Hora Cero (in Spanish). 11 April 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Ortiz, Ildefonso (24 October 2013). "Tamaulipas police commander, Gulf Cartel boss gets 12 1/2 years". The Monitor. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d "Detiene DEA a comandante de Tamaulipas". Reforma (in Spanish). 11 April 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019 – via El Diario de Juárez.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Taylor, Jared (10 April 2012). "Tamaulipas State Police commander arrested in U.S. drug investigation". The Monitor. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019 – via The Brownsville Herald.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Buch, Jason (4 March 2013). "Mexican police commander pleads guilty". San Antonio Express-News. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Ex-Mexican Police Chief Found Guilty of Drug Traffic Conspiracy". Latin American Herald Tribune. 2013. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Cedillo, Juan Alberto (18 April 2017). "La guerra entre Zetas y el CDG, telón de fondo en Tamaulipas". Proceso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 August 2019.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Deibert 2014, p. 67.
- ^ Cedillo 2018, p. na, Chapter 3: La ruptura con el Cártel del Golfo.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "United States of America v. Gilberto Lerma-Plata" (PDF). United States Government Publishing Office. 30 January 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2019.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Taylor, Jared (5 March 2013). "Ex jefe de policía de Tamaulipas admite nexos con el CDG". The Monitor (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 August 2019 – via El Nuevo Heraldo.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "United States of America v. Gilberto Lerma-Plata". United States District Court for the District of Columbia. 1 March 2013. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Taylor, Jared (13 April 2012). "Mexican police commander appears in court in McAllen". The Monitor. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019 – via The Brownsville Herald.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Reyez, José (23 August 2003). "DEA, FBI, PGR: Osiel controló Tamaulipas". Contralínea (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 April 2018.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Grayson 2013, p. 238.
- ^ Buch, Jason (11 April 2012). "Mexican police official arrested at border". San Antonio Express-News. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Former Commander of Mexican State Police and Member of the Gulf Cartel Pleads Guilty to Drug Conspiracy Charges". United States Department of Justice. 1 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Gómora, Doris (5 March 2013). "Ex comandante admite que fue cómplice del cártel del Golfo". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 August 2019.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Schiller, Dane (4 March 2013). "Mexican police commander took the cartel's offer he couldn't refuse, he confesses in U.S. court". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Former Commander of Mexican State Police and Member of the Gulf Cartel Sentenced for Drug Conspiracy". United States Department of Justice. 24 October 2013. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Ex-Mexican drug cartel member gets 12.5 years". USA Today. 24 October 2013. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Condenan a ex comandante de Tamaulipas, miembro del cártel del Golfo". Milenio (in Spanish). EFE. 24 October 2013. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Inmate Locator: Gilberto Lerma-Plata (Register Number: 11207-379)". Federal Bureau of Prisons. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
Bibliography
- Deibert, Michael (2014). In the Shadow of Saint Death: The Gulf Cartel and the Price of America's Drug War in Mexico. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 1493010654.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
- Correa-Cabrera, Guadalupe (2017). Los Zetas Inc.: Criminal Corporations, Energy, and Civil War in Mexico. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1477312773.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
- Grayson, George W. (2013). The Cartels: The Story of Mexico's Most Dangerous Criminal Organizations and Their Impact on U.S. Security. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 1440829861.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
- Cedillo, Juan Alberto (2018). Las guerras ocultas del narco (in Spanish). Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-6073171038.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)