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{{Other uses|Tigre (disambiguation)}}
{{Other uses|Tigre (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Tigre
| group = Tigre
| native_name = ትግረ
|pop = ~1,760,961<ref>{{cite web|title=Eritrea|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/er.html|publisher=CIA|accessdate=12 May 2017}} : 30% of total Eritrea population of 5,869,869.</ref>
| image =
|popplace = [[Eritrea]]<!-- regional parameter -->
| caption =
⚫
|region1 = {{flagcountry|Eritrea}}
| population = {{Circa|'''1.8 million'''|lk=yes}}<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/er.html | title=Africa :: Eritrea — the World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref>
|pop1 =
| popplace =
|ref1 =
|region2 = {{flagcountry|Sudan}}
| region1 = {{flagcountry|Eritrea}}
| pop1 = 1,791,194
|pop2 =
⚫
| region2 = {{flagcountry|Sudan}}
|ref2 =
| pop2 = 30,000
⚫
|langs = [[Tigre language|Tigre]], [[Arabic]]
| region3 = {{flagcountry|Norway}}
|rels = Predominantly [[Islam]] (<small>[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]</small>); minority [[Christianity]] (<small>[[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]], [[Roman Catholic Church]], [[Protestantism]]</small>)
| pop3 = 24,000
⚫
|related = [[Afar people|Afar]] • [[Agaw people|Agaw]] • [[Amhara people|Amhara]] • [[Beja people|Beja]] • [[Beta Israel]] • [[Bilen people|Bilen]] • [[Gurage people|Gurage]] • [[Jeberti]] • [[Saho people|Saho]] • [[Somali people|Somali]] • [[Tigrayans]] • and other [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|Ethiosemitic]] and [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] peoples<ref name="Joireman">{{cite book|last=Joireman|first=Sandra F.|title=Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa: The Allocation of Property Rights and Implications for Development|year=1997|publisher=Universal-Publishers|page=1|isbn=1581120001}}</ref>
| region4 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
⚫
}}
| pop4 = 15,000
⚫
The '''Tigre people''' are an ethnic group inhabiting [[Eritrea]] and [[Sudan]]. They are closely related to the [[Tigrayans]] and [[Beja people|Beja]]. The Tigre speak the [[Tigre language]], which belongs to the [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] branch of the [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] family.
| region5 = {{flagcountry|Canada}}
| pop5 = 12,300
| region6 = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
| pop6 = 3,300
| region7 = {{Flagcountry|Djibouti}}
| pop7 = 1,600
⚫
| languages = [[Tigre language|Tigrayit]], [[Arabic]]
| religions = [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]] (97%)<br>[[File:Christian cross.svg|12px]] [[Christianity]] (3%)
⚫
| related-c = {{hlist| [[Agaw people|Agaw]] | [[Afar people|Afar]] | [[Amhara people|Amhara]] | [[Beja people|Beja]] | [[Beta Israel]] | [[Gurage people|Gurage]] | [[Harari people|Harari]] | [[Oromo people|Oromo]] | [[Saho people|Saho]] | [[Somalis|Somali]] | [[Tigrayans]] and other [[Ethiopian Semitic languages|Ethiosemitic]] and [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] peoples <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pagani|first=Luca|last2=Kivisild|first2=Toomas|date=July 2012|title=Ethiopian Genetic Diversity Reveals Linguistic Stratification and Complex Influences on the Ethiopian Gene Pool|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=91|issue=1|pages=83–96|pmc=3397267|pmid=22726845|doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.05.015}}</ref>}}
| native_name_lang =
related_groups =
⚫
}}
⚫
The '''Tigre people''' ({{lang-tig|ትግረ}} ''tigre'' or {{lang|tig|ትግሬ}} ''tigrē'') are an ethnic group indigenous to [[Eritrea]] and [[Sudan]]. They mainly inhabit the lowlands of Eritrea and the [[States of Sudan|Sudanese states]] of [[Kassala (state)|Kassala]] and [[Red Sea (state)|Red Sea]]. They are closely related to the [[Tigrayans]] and [[Beja people|Beja]]. The Tigre speak the [[Tigre language]], which belongs to the [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] branch of the [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] family.


==History==
==History==

Revision as of 03:18, 2 October 2019

Not to be confused with Tigrayans.
For other uses, see Tigre (disambiguation).
Tigre
ትግረ
Total population
c. 1.8 million[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Eritrea1,791,194
 Sudan30,000
 Norway24,000
 United Kingdom15,000
 Canada12,300
 Netherlands3,300
 Djibouti1,600
Languages
Tigrayit, Arabic
Religion
Islam (97%)
Christianity (3%)
Related ethnic groups

The Tigre people (Tigre: ትግረ tigre or ትግሬ tigrē) are an ethnic group indigenous to Eritrea and Sudan. They mainly inhabit the lowlands of Eritrea and the Sudanese states of Kassala and Red Sea. They are closely related to the Tigrayans and Beja. The Tigre speak the Tigre language, which belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic family.

History

The Tigre are a nomadic pastoralist community living in the northern, western, and coastal lowlands of Eritrea (Gash-Barka, Anseba, Northern Red Sea regions of Eritrea and other regions too), as well as areas in eastern Sudan. 95.5% of the Tigre people adhere to Islam (Sunni), but there are a small number of Christians (who are members of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Eritrea) among them as well (often referred to as the Mensaï in Eritrea).[3]

The first Tigre converts to Islam were those who lived on islands in the Red Sea and adopted Islam in the 7th century during the religion's earliest years. Mainland Tigre adopted Islam much later on including as late as the 19th century.[4]

The Tigre are closely related to the Tigrayans of Eritrea,[4] as well as the Beja (particularly the Hadendoa).[5]

There are also a number of Eritreans of Tigre origin living across the Middle East, North America, the United Kingdom and Australia.

Language

The Tigre language is an Afroasiatic language of the Semitic branch. Like Tigrinya, it is a member of the Ethiopian Semitic group, and is similar to ancient Ge'ez.[6] There is no known historically written form of the language. The Eritrean government uses the Ge'ez writing system (an abugida) to publish documents in the Tigre language.

Tigre is the lingua franca of the multi-ethnic lowlands of western and northern Eritrea, including the northern coast. As such approximately 75% of the Western Lowlands Eritrean population speaks Tigre.

Since around 1889, the Ge'ez script (Ethiopic script) has been used to write the Tigre language. Tigre speakers formerly used Arabic more widely as a lingua franca.[7] Due to most Tigre speakers being Muslim, the language is also written in the Arabic alphabet.[8]

The Tigre people, language and their area of inhabitation should not be confused with that of the Tigrayans, who live in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia and speak Tigrinya, a closely related Semitic language.

Notable Tigre people

Nefae Utman

References

  1. ^ "Africa :: Eritrea — the World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency".
  2. ^ Pagani, Luca; Kivisild, Toomas (July 2012). "Ethiopian Genetic Diversity Reveals Linguistic Stratification and Complex Influences on the Ethiopian Gene Pool". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 91 (1): 83–96. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.05.015. PMC 3397267. PMID 22726845.
  3. ^ Yakan, Muḥammad Zuhdī (1999). Almanac of African peoples & nations. Transaction. p. 667. ISBN 978-1-56000-433-2.
  4. ^ a b Olson, James Stuart (1996). The peoples of Africa: an ethnohistorical dictionary. Greenwood. pp. 557–58. ISBN 978-0-313-27918-8.
  5. ^ Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. Royal Anthropological Institute. p. 609. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  6. ^ Allen, H (1888). Th Encyclopedia of Britannica. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  7. ^ "Tigré". Ethnologue. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  8. ^ Weekes, Richard V. (1978). Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey. Greenwood Press. p. 418. ISBN 0837198801.

Further reading

  • Lusini, Gianfrancesco, ed. (2010). History and language of the Tigre-speaking peoples : proceedings of the International Workshop, Naples, February 7-8, 2008. Università degli studi di Napoli "L'Orientale," Dipartimento di studi e ricerche su Africa e paesi arab. ISBN 8895044681. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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