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== Description ==
== Description ==
[[File:Euclastes.jpg|thumb|left|''E. platyops'' skull]]
[[File:Euclastes.jpg|thumb|left|''E. platyops'' skull]]
Unlike the sea turtles ''[[Toxochelys]]'' and ''[[Eochelone]]'', ''Euclastes'' has a [[secondary palate]]. However, the secondary palate of ''Euclastes'' is not as extensive as it is in ''[[Ctenochelys]]''. The genus can be distinguished by later sea turtles based on its broad, low skull; broad, flat palate; wide, flat [[dentary bone]] with an elongated [[symphysis]]; and low [[tomial ridge]] on the beak. The widened palate and dentaries give ''Eochelone'' wide, flat jaws suitable for crushing hard-shelled organisms.<ref name=LP03/>
Unlike the sea turtles ''[[Toxochelys]]'' and ''[[Eochelone]]'', ''Euclastes'' has a [[secondary palate]]. However, the secondary palate of ''Euclastes'' is not as extensive as it is in ''[[Ctenochelys]]'' and ''[[Angolachelys]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mateus |first1=Octávio |last2=Jacobs |first2=Louis |last3=Polcyn |first3=Michael |last4=Schulp |first4=Anne S. |last5=Vineyard |first5=Diana |last6=Buta Neto |first6=André |last7=Telles Antunes |first7=Miguel |title=The Oldest African Eucryptodiran Turtle from the Cretaceous of Angola |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |date=December 2009 |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=581–588 |doi=10.4202/app.2008.0063}}</ref>. The genus can be distinguished by later sea turtles based on its broad, low skull; broad, flat palate; wide, flat [[dentary bone]] with an elongated [[symphysis]]; and low [[tomial ridge]] on the beak. The widened palate and dentaries give ''Eochelone'' wide, flat jaws suitable for crushing hard-shelled organisms.<ref name=LP03/>


== Classification ==
== Classification ==

Revision as of 11:18, 14 May 2020

Euclastes
Temporal range: Maastrichtian-Late Eocene
~70–34 Ma
Euclastes sp. skeleton
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Cryptodira
Clade: Pancheloniidae
Genus: †Euclastes
Cope, 1867
Species[1]
  • †E. acutirostris Jalil et al., 2009
  • †E. platyops Cope, 1867
  • †E. wielandi (Hay, 1908)
Synonyms
  • Rhetechelys Hay, 1908
  • Osteopygoides Karl et al., 1998

Euclastes is an extinct genus of sea turtles that survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction. The genus was first named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1867, and contains three species. E. hutchisoni, was named in 2003 but has since been reassigned to the genus Pacifichelys,[2] while E. coahuilaensis named in 2009 was reassigned as Mexichelys coahuilaensis in 2010.[3][4]

Description

E. platyops skull

Unlike the sea turtles Toxochelys and Eochelone, Euclastes has a secondary palate. However, the secondary palate of Euclastes is not as extensive as it is in Ctenochelys and Angolachelys[5]. The genus can be distinguished by later sea turtles based on its broad, low skull; broad, flat palate; wide, flat dentary bone with an elongated symphysis; and low tomial ridge on the beak. The widened palate and dentaries give Eochelone wide, flat jaws suitable for crushing hard-shelled organisms.[2]

Classification

Species

  • †E. acutirostris Jalil et al., 2009
  • †E. platyops Cope, 1867
  • †E. wielandi (Hay, 1908)

Phylogeny

Cladogram based on Lynch and Parham (2003)[2] and Parham and Pyenson (2010):[6]

Cheloniidae sensu lato 

Distribution

Fossils of Euclastes have been found in:[7]

Maastrichtian
Paleocene
Eocene

References

  1. ^ Parham, James F.; Pyenson, Nicholas D. (March 2010). "New sea turtle from the Miocene of Peru and the iterative evolution of feeding ecomorphologies since the Cretaceous". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (2): 231–247. doi:10.1666/09-077R.1. ISSN 0022-3360.
  2. ^ a b c Lynch, S.C.; Parham, J.F. (2003). "The first report of hard-shelled sea turtles (Cheloniidae sensu lato) from the Miocene of California, including a new species (Euclastes hutchisoni) with unusually plesiomorphic characters" (PDF). PaleoBios. 23 (3): 21–35.[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ Euclastes coahuilaensis from the Paleobiology Database
  4. ^ Exibidos fósseis de tartarugas com 72 mi de anos
  5. ^ Mateus, Octávio; Jacobs, Louis; Polcyn, Michael; Schulp, Anne S.; Vineyard, Diana; Buta Neto, André; Telles Antunes, Miguel (December 2009). "The Oldest African Eucryptodiran Turtle from the Cretaceous of Angola". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54 (4): 581–588. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0063.
  6. ^ James F. Parham; Nicholas D. Pyenson (2010). "New Sea Turtle from the Miocene of Peru and the Iterative Evolution of Feeding Ecomorphologies since the Cretaceous". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (2): 231–247. doi:10.1666/09-077R.1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Euclastes at Fossilworks.org
  8. ^ Mateus, O., M. J. Polcyn, L. L. Jacobs, R. Arujo, A. S. Schulp, J. Marinheiro, B. Pereira and D. Vineyard. 2012. Cretaceous amniotes from Angola: dinosaurs, pterosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, turtles. Actas de V Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontologia de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos 71-105
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