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Sangihe Islands Regency

Coordinates: 03°00′N 125°30′E / 3.000°N 125.500°E / 3.000; 125.500
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Sangihe Islands Regency
Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe
Regency
Tahuna, regency seat of Sangihe Islands, seen from above
Tahuna, regency seat of Sangihe Islands, seen from above
Official seal of Sangihe Islands Regency
Seal
Location within North Sulawesi
Location within North Sulawesi
Sangihe Islands Regency is located in Sulawesi
Sangihe Islands Regency
Sangihe Islands Regency
Location in Sulawesi and Indonesia
Sangihe Islands Regency is located in Indonesia
Sangihe Islands Regency
Sangihe Islands Regency
Sangihe Islands Regency (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 03°00′N 125°30′E / 3.000°N 125.500°E / 3.000; 125.500
Country Indonesia
Province North Sulawesi
CapitalTahuna
Government
 • RegentJabes Ezar Gaghana
 • Vice Regentvacant
Area
 • Total736.98 km2 (284.55 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 Census)[1]
 • Total139,262
 • Density190/km2 (490/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (Indonesia Central Time)
Area code(+62) 432
HDI (2019)Increase 0.705 (High)
Websitesangihekab.go.id

The Sangihe Islands Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe) is a regency of North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. It comprises a group of islands situated to the North of Sulawesi. It covers a land area of 736.98 km2, and had a population of 126,100 at the 2010 Census[2] and 139,262 at the 2020 Census.[3] The principal island is also named Sangihe, on which lies the main town of Tahuna. Minor island groups within the Regency include the Marore group considerably to the north of Sangihe Island, the Tatoareng group to the south, and the Nusa Tabukan group off the northeast coast of Sangihe Island. It borders the Philippines in the north, making it one of Indonesia's border regions.[4]

History

Prior to rapid decentralization after the fall of Suharto, all of the archipelago to the north of the Minahasa Peninsula was administered as a single regency named Sangihe Islands and Talaud Regency. In 2002, it was split into two regencies, one for the Sangihe Islands and the other for the Talaud Islands, based on Law Number 8 of 2002. In 2007, several islands from the Sangihe Islands Regency were split off to create another new regency - the Sitaro Islands Regency - giving the Sangihe Islands its current status based on Law Number 15 of 2007.[4]

It is believed that inhabitants of the Sangihe Islands migrated from the Philippines archipelago, especially from Mindanao. The culture of the native people in the islands has been influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism, and later, when the region was under Spanish hegemony, Christianity.[5] Several native kingdoms existed such as Kendar Kingdom and Tabukan Kingdom, which later in the 18th and 19th centuries were described as partly influenced by Islam.[6][7]

Geography

Total area of the regency including water area is 11,863.58 square kilometers, from which only 736.98 square kilometers are land or 6.2% of total area of the regency. It is divided into 15 districts (kecamatan), the biggest being North Tabukan district, consisting of 15.82% of the regency's total land area and the smallest being Nusa Tabukan district with only 2% of total land area in the regency.[4]

Topography of the islands mostly consists of hills and steep topography for bigger islands such as Sangihe and Siau. Around 55.4% of land area in the regency has slope above 40%. Soil composition consist of alluvium, which mostly used for residential areas. Elevation varies from 0 to 1,800 meters above sea level depending on the location. Main economic center of the regency, Tahuna, has average elevation of 250 meters above sea level. The regency has three active volcanoes, and experiences frequent earthquakes. Two of three volcanoes are underwater.[4] The region is quite resilient to erosion because of dense vegetation usually found on its coastal region, while most human settlements are found on higher altitudes in the middle of islands. However, because of its steep topography, the region is prone to landslides especially during bad weather.[4]

As with most regions in Indonesia the Regency has a tropical climate and is affected by monsoons, with the rainy season experienced between September and November. Annual rainfall varies, depending on the island, from 2,500 to above 3,000 millimeters per year. There is little variation to temperature yearly, on average between 26 and 28 Celsius in the entire year. The region experiences high moisture levels ranging between 81 to 87% with average yearly of 83.6%.[4]

Governance

Administrative districts

The regency is divided into fifteen districts (kecamatan), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[8] and the 2020 Census.[9] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres.

Name Area
in km2		 Population
Census 2010		 Population
Census 2020		 Administrative
centre
South Manganitu 73.99 9,902 11,199 Lapango
Tatoareng (a) 18.56 4,358 4,966 Kahakitang
Tamako 69.42 12,991 14,256 Pokol
South Tabukan 68.76 5,860 6,635 Lesabe I
Southeast South Tabukan 46.84 2,107 2,945 Salurang
Central South Tabukan 22.29 2,708 2,635 Pintareng
Central Tabukan 87.39 10,297 11,978 Kuma
Manganitu 66.46 13,904 15,145 Mala
Tahuna 25.76 15,948 16,709 Bungalawang
East Tahuna 25.15 12,377 12,653 Tona I
West Tahuna 40.66 5,443 5,945 Mitung
North Tabukan 114.76 19,452 22,009 Bengketang
Nusa Tabukan (b) 14.73 2,919 3,335 Nipa
Marore Islands (c) 11.02 1,371 1,643 Marore
Kendahe 51.19 6,463 7,209 Kendahe I
Totals 736.98 126,100 139,262 Tahuna

Notes: (a) comprises a group of 21 islands lying to the south of Sangihe Island. (b) notwithstanding the name of "Tabukan Island", this district actually comprises a group of 16 islands off the northeast coast of Sangihe Island. (c) comprises a group of islands lying to the north of Sangihe Island.

Local government

The Regency is a second-level administrative division, equivalent to a city. As a regency, it is headed by a regent who is elected democratically. Meanwhile, heads of districts are appointed directly by the regent with the recommendation of regency secretary. Executive power lies with the regent and vice regent while legislative function is overseen by regency's parliament.[10][11][12]

Politics

The regency is part of the 3rd North Sulawesi electoral district at the provincial level, which has 5 out of 45 representatives in the provincial parliament. At a regency level, it is divided into three electoral districts and has a total of 25 representatives. The last election was in 2019 and the next one will be in 2024.[13]

Electoral District Region Representatives
Sangihe Islands 1st Kendahe, Tahuna, West Tahuna, and East Tahuna districts 8
Sangihe Islands 2nd Marore Islands, Nusa Tabukan, South Tabukan, Central South Tabukan, Southeast South Tabukan, and Central Tabukan districts 9
Sangihe Islands 3rd Manganitu, South Manganitu, Tamako, and Tatoareng districts 8
Total 25

Economy

Main economic activity in the regency is fisheries, which contributes to 27.96% of its gross regional product. Other biggest sectors are trade with 15.33% and administration service with 12.33%. Other significant industries include construction, warehouse, and financial and insurance services.[14] There has been a sharp decline in agricultural output, such as ginger production from 6,499 kilograms in 2019 to 2,887 in 2020 and galanga from 2,562 to 1,215. Other than agriculture and fisheries, the regency also produces various fruits such as jackfruit with output of 494.3 tons, banana with output of 232.96 tons, and mango with output of 112.96 tons in 2020. Biggest livestock population in the regency is pig with population of 10.459. Fastest growing sector in 2020 was the communication sector with growth of 9.90% followed by financial and insurance with 9.48%. Economic growth in 2019 was 5.43%, which however decreased sharply to 0.50% in 2020 because of COVID-19 pandemic.[14][15]

Demographics

As with most of the Indonesian regions, it has a young population dominated by those above 15 years old. Sex ratio in the regency in 2020 was 104, which means there are 104 male for every 100 female population. Population growth is 1%, where the fastest growing district is Central South Tabukan District with a population growth of 2.26% in 2020. 67,654 people out of the population is considered economically active by Statistics Indonesia. Literacy rate in 2020 was 98.93% and life expectancy was 70 years.[16][15] 83% of the regency population are Protestants, followed by 16% of Muslims, 0.84% of Catholics, and 0.01% of other religions such as Hindu and Buddhism.[17]

Infrastructure

Education infrastructure in the regency includes 90 kindergartens, 207 elementary schools, 62 junior high schools, 18 senior high schools, and 9 vocational high schools. There are several higher education institutions, including state-owned Nusa Utara Polytech, Didaskalos Christianity College of Sangihe, and Monetary & Banking GMIST Academy.[18][19][15] The regency is the most developed in terms of education infrastructure compared to the other two island regencies around it, Talaud and Sitaro Islands Regency.[20][21][15] Nusa Utara Polytech was expanded and new building inaugurated in 2021. It created 2,556 graduates in 2020 and offered diploma in nursery, fishery-related programs such as maritime resources management, and computer and communication. It was created first in 2006 with assistance of Ratulangi University and the Ministry of Education and Culture in a previously regency-owned nursery academy and has since been expanded.[20][21][22]

Healthcare facilities including a hospital, two polyclinics, 91 puskesmas, and 10 pharmacies. In addition, there are 21 family planning clinics. Liun Kendage Regional Hospital is the main healthcare facility in the region with facility of 200 beds as of 2016. In 2020, the hospital underwent a major expansion including construction of a new building. It is a referral hospital for nearby regions and especially for regions closer to the Indonesian border such as Sitaro Islands Regency and Talaud Islands Regency.[23] The expansion is expected to finish on 2022.[24] There are exactly 137 mosques, 558 Protestant churches, and 8 Catholic churches in the regency as of 2020.[15]

The total road length in the regency is 782.92 kilometers, out of which 569.72 kilometers have been sealed and paved with asphalt. The regency is served by Naha Airport which facilitated 22,414 passengers in 2020. Being an archipelago, water transport is important for movement within the regency and to outside regions. In 2020, there were 902 ships in and out of the regency with 285,861 total number of passengers both in and out. The regency is served by Sea Toll Program to help reduce price disparity in the region.[25] Tahuna Port is the main port for the regency, located in Tahuna. It serves both passengers and containers in and out of the regency. It serves movement of around 31,450 tons of goods in and out. The port underwent an expansion in 2019 and construction was expected to finish in 2021. Other than that, the port also serves as a route to the Philippines.[26][27][28][15]

References

  1. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  2. ^ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  3. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Profil Kabupaten Sangihe" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ "Sekilas Sejarah dan Asal Usul Orang-orang Sangihe Talaud". Barta1.com (in Indonesian). 2019-05-15. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  6. ^ "Jejak dan Sejarah Masuknya Islam di Sangihe Talaud". suara.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  7. ^ "Sejarah". Pemerintah Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  8. ^ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  9. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  10. ^ "PP No. 17 Tahun 2018 tentang Kecamatan [JDIH BPK RI]". peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
  11. ^ "UU 22 1999" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ "Indonesia Regencies". www.statoids.com. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  13. ^ "KepKPU Sulut 288" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ a b "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe". sangihekab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  15. ^ a b c d e f "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe". sangihekab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  16. ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe". sangihekab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  17. ^ "Data Pemeluk Agama Menurut Kabupaten-Kota di Prov. Sulut Thn. 2019". sulut.kemenag.go.id. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  18. ^ "Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Didaskalos Sangihe | Universitas Pilihan Terbaik | AyoKuliah.id". Ayo Kuliah (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  19. ^ "Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara - Aku Pintar". akupintar.id. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  20. ^ a b Tempo (2021-04-07). "Kampus Masa Depan di Sangihe - Info Tempo - koran.tempo.co". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  21. ^ a b "Tentang". POLITEKNIK NEGERI NUSA UTARA. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  22. ^ "Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara - Aku Pintar". akupintar.id. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
  23. ^ Home; Terkini; News, Top; Terpopuler; Nusantara; Nasional; Update, Sulut; Wisata; Bisnis, Ekonomi. "RSUD Liun Kendage terima tambahan dana pembangunan Rp38 miliar". Antara News Manado. Retrieved 2021-05-27. {{cite web}}: |last3= has generic name (help)
  24. ^ "Terkait Penyelesaian RSU Rujukan Hingga Alkes, Handry Pasandaran: Diupayakan TA 2022 Mendatang". BeritaManado.com: Berita Terkini Manado, Sulawesi Utara (in Indonesian). 2021-05-19. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  25. ^ antaranews.com (2020-10-23). "Tol Laut membantu masyarakat Sangihe jual hasil bumi ke Surabaya". Antara News. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  26. ^ Regar, Grand. "Proyek Pelabuhan Tahuna Tidak Sesuai Spek, Anggaran 12 Miliar, Kurang Volume Tiang Pancang | Manado Post". manadopost.jawapos.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  27. ^ Muhamad <asep.muhamad[at]torche.co.id>, Asep. "Pelabuhan Tahuna, Pelabuhan Penghubung Di Kawasan Terluar Indonesia". dephub.go.id. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  28. ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe". sangihekab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
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