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Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen

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Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
Congregatio Mariae Reginae Immaculatae
AbbreviationCMRI
Formation1967
TypeSedevacantist Catholic religious congregation
HeadquartersOmaha, Nebraska, U.S.
Superior General
Mark Pivarunas
Key people
Websitecmri.org
Our Mother of Perpetual Help Church: CMRI church in Sulphur Springs, Ohio, United States

The Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (Latin: Congregatio Mariae Reginae Immaculatae; CMRI) is a sedevacantist traditionalist Catholic religious congregation.[1]

It is dedicated to promoting the message of Our Lady of Fátima and the devotion of the practice of Total Consecration to the Virgin Mary as taught by Saint Louis Marie de Montfort.[2]

CMRI Overview

The CMRI is a Traditional Roman Catholic religious congregation who holds that the Chair of St. Peter has been empty since the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958. The CMRI is not connected to The Vatican or any diocese in which they operate. The group holds to the teachings & liturgies that were in-place at the time of the death of Pope Pius XII. The CMRI teaches that we are now living in The Great Apostasy. Teachings that are unique to the CMRI among sedevacantists are the following:

  • They are totalists, meaning that the modern Vatican hierarchy are not the Catholic Church in any way and that none of their priests, bishops, or popes are true priests;
  • They do not prohibit members from receiving communion at SSPX chapels or any chapels with validly ordained priests who follow the Mass prior to the changes in the late 1960s;
  • The bishop and priests provide opinions on the nullity of marriage, although they admit they have no jurisdiction or authority to declare marriages invalid;
  • They teach Baptism of Desire (BOD) as taught by The Holy Office in the late 1950s and reject strict interpretations of "outside the church there is no salvation"
  • The group allows for natural family planning (NFP) as taught by Pope Pius XII.
  • They follow the 1955 Holy Week as promulgated by Pope Pius XII since he was a true pope and had the authority to make this change;

The CMRI operates a major seminary, Mater Dei Seminary, in Omaha, Nebraska, United States, as well as a minor seminary, Saint Joseph's Minor Seminary, in Rathdrum, Idaho, United States, while the Sisters' motherhouse is located in Spokane, Washington, United States.

They have expanded into Canada, South America, Europe, and Asia.[3][4] All in all, the congregation is responsible for over 90 churches and Mass centers throughout the world, at least 13 schools ranging from K-8 to K-12 in the United States,[5] several publications, and an online store, Mary Immaculate Queen Center.[6]

Singing Nuns

The Sisters at Mt. St. Michael record CDs and perform an annual Christmas concert.[7]

Fatima Conference

The CMRI hold the Fatima conference at Mt. St. Michael in Spokane, WA in October each year. The conference includes five days of lectures, daily Mass, devotions, and meals.[8]

Schuckardt Era (1967 to 1984)

Speaking Tours & Coeur d'Alene Beginnings (1967 to 1971)

Main article: Francis Schuckardt

Francis Schuckardt and Denis Chicoine (an ex-marine) attracted their initial followers through national speaking tours as part of The Blue Army of Our Lady of Fatima. Schuckhardt produced cassette tapes with titles such as "Communism in American? No Way!" The focus of these speaking tours was The Rosary and the message of Our Lady of Fatima. Schuckardt was a layman who gained considerable fame as International Secretary of The Blue Army. These speaking tours were being conduced in the late 1960s when there were major changes occurring in both the Catholic Church & wider world. Schuckardt was a charismatic speaker and was able to capitalize on the obvious changes occurring after Vatican II, especially the change in religious costume for nuns & the Novus Ordo Missae that was made obligatory throughout the U.S in the early 1970s.

As part of the speaking tour, Schuckardt encouraged the creation of Blue Army Cells. Typical members were over 40 years old. These weekly meetings included praying The Rosary & members wore the brown scapular.

Both Schuckardt and Chicoine were third order Carmelites, and this was reflected in the initial norms of the beginnings of the group. In May 1967, Schuckardt and two other brothers made a pilgrimage to Fatima and the Shrine of Mary Immaculate Queen in Paris. In July 1967, Schuckardt made a phone call to the young women who had been following Schuckardt, and he invited them to come live in Coeur d'Alene, ID. Schuckardt and the brothers had been wanting to move the Blue Army Center from Bellevue, WA to Coeur d'Alene, ID in the summer of 1967. In the months following the May 1967 pilgrimage, Schuckardt moved the Blue Army Center and The Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen was formed in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. The young women arrived July 26, 1967 to staff the Blue Army Center in Coeur d'Alene. The original sign on the building was "Mary Immaculate Queen Center." Two priests from the Diocese of Boise came to dedicate the new center that summer.

The sisters took private vows in October 1967. They soon became targets for violence in Coeur d'Alene due to their conservative way-of-life. In October of 1967, Schuckardt returned to Fatima with a group of 30 lay followers. At this time, there were four young women staffing the Blue Army Center while the brothers were in Fatima. The CMRI did not attend Masses offered by priests of the diocese after the words of consecration were changed in 1967.

In 1969, with the approval of Bishop Sylvester William Treinen of the Diocese of Boise, Shuckardt formed the group into a religious congregation of sisters and brothers.

Francis Schuckardt surrounded himself with priests who were later credibly accused or convicted of sexual abuse of children including Fr. Burton Fraser, S.J., Fr. Lawrence S. Brey, and Fr. Joseph Pinneau. The CMRI was never listed in public records of this abuse since Schuckardt operated outside of the bounds of the diocese structures and was able to effectively shield connection to the abusers. To this day the CMRI has never been publicly accused of being a refuge for abuser priests in the late 1960s and late 1970s under the pretense of upholding the true Catholic faith.

With the implementation of the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, in about 1970, Schuckhardt and the CMRI came to believe that Pope Paul VI was not a valid pope (the theological position known today as sedevacantism), and therefore sought services from sympathetic Catholic priests who shared their views in this regard, among them Father Burton Fraser, S.J. (who was later credibly accused of sexual abuse), a Jesuit from Colorado, United States, who became the congregation's spiritual advisor.[9] Other Catholic priests who became associated with the congregation include Father Lawrence S. Brey (who was later credibly accused of sexual abuse), Father George Kathrein C.Ss.R. (who later joined the SSPX), Father Joseph Pinneau (who was later accused of sexual abuse), and Rev. Clement C. Kubesh.[10]

Schuckardt's Consecration (1971)

In 1971, from 28 October to 1 November, Schuckhardt was tonsured, ordained to the four Minor Orders, ordained a subdeacon and deacon, ordained a priest, and consecrated a bishop by Bishop Daniel Q. Brown.[1] Brown was a Catholic layman who formed conclusions identical with Schuckhardt and out of desperation, had himself ordained a priest and consecrated a bishop in the Old Catholic Church, but after talking with some priests, who convinced him that he had made a great mistake, repented of his ordination and consecration from the Old Catholics and his involvement with them, renounced his ties with them, made a public abjuration and a profession of faith, went to confession,[11] and received absolution from a priest.[9] Soon after, however, Brown returned to the Old Catholic Church.[12]

Mount St. Michael Headquarters (1977 to 1984)

In 1977, the congregation acquired the old Jesuit scholasticate Mount Saint Michael in Spokane, Washington, United States, moving there its headquarters from Idaho. Mt. St. Michael's was purchased by Pillar Investment Co.[13] Two members of Pillar Investment Co. were identified as Thomas "Tom" Drahman and Lawrence Urann[14]. Both were members of the Tridentine Latin Rite Catholic Church of Coeur d'Alene, ID. The Jesuits claimed of the shell company, "we had absolutely no idea they were anybody else than developers."

In 1984, Chicoine and other members of the CMRI expelled Schuckardt from the congregation on reports of sexual abuses done by Schuckardt.[1]

Group Names

Over the years, the group had used various names, including legal names for real estate purchased & other legal documents:

  • Fatima Crusade or Fatima Crusaders or Fatima Crusade Church
  • Fatima Cell Movement (during the early speaking tours)
  • Oblates of Mary Immaculate Queen of the Universe
  • The Community
  • Mary Immaculate Queen Center
  • Tridentine Latin Rite Catholic Church of St. Joseph[15]
  • Tridentine Latin Rite Catholic Church
  • Christ the King Priory, Inc., an Idaho Corporation or Christ the King Priory
  • Pillar Investment Co. (the legal entity used to purchase Mt. St. Michael in 1977)

Lawsuits

CMRI has been involved in lawsuits beginning in the 1970s across various states. These lawsuits occurred both before & after the Schuckardt split. Notable cases include:

  • In 1974, two Toledo, OH brothers, Dr. Joseph A. Radecki and Henry M. Radecki, won a lawsuit[16] against the Tridentine Roman Catholics and Christ the King Priority, Inc. The lawsuit alleged that Joseph's wife Catherine and Henry's wife Emily were induced by the group and its teachings to desert and abandon their husbands. The judge awarded $48,000 to the two brothers. This judgement was overturned by the Court of Appeals of Ohio No. 7873 decided November 5, 1976. Today, identical twin brothers Fr. Dominic Radecki and Fr. Francisco Radecki (brought to Schuckardt's group by their mother Emily Radecki) are priests and part of the core leadership of CMRI.
  • In 1976, a former member, John M. Tamplin, sued the CMRI for $14 million. Tamplin said he left his wife in 1975 to come to Coeur d'Alene "to be near Schuckardt's and Chicoine's Roman Catholic Church." The local newspaper reported that Tamplin had once parked his truck outside of Mt. St. Michael and "had signs on his truck alleging the Fatima Crusaders were a 'satanic, family-splitting cult' composed of 'vicious swindlers."
  • In 1984, Fr. Chicoine and the CMRI sued Francis Schuckardt (case no. 84-2-01445-2)[17] for church property. The CMRI was awarded $250,000
  • In 1987, the Supreme Court of Idaho heard a case involving a lawsuit of Jerry Bryant O'Neil against the Fatima Crusade Church itself for alienation of his wife's affections and for invasion of his wife's privacy.[18]
  • In 1995, Chicoine v. Bignall (Supreme Court of Idaho No. 21320), a case involving Bliss & Annette Bignall against Christ the King Priory, Inc.[19]
  • Numerous women have sought help from the family court system due to abuse within marriages. This abuse of husbands towards wives & children is given theological support by the CMRI priests. The priests shield abusers & side with those who support the CMRI, despite court documents that have shown abuse of the husbands.

Sexual Abuse

Schuckardt left the group on June 3, 1984. Since that time, new information has been released that has shown the CMRI was connected to numerous sexual abusers in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The following accusations of sexual abuse have been made public:

  • Francis Schuckardt was accused of sexually abusing young men[20]
  • Fr. Burton J. Fraser. S.J. was named publicly as accused by the Jesuits Central Province on its list December 7, 2019.[21]
  • Fr. Joseph Pineau was credibly accused in 2003 of sexual misconduct with an adolescent.[22]
  • Fr. Lawrence S. Brey was accused[23] in December of 2018 of ritual sexual abuse of a child at the Holy Innocents Catholic School in Waite Park, MN in the 1970s and 1980s. The Diocese of St. Cloud has stated that this school was not part of the diocese, but was operated independently by Robert and Bernice Sis[24], who were also accused as part of the lawsuit regarding the ritual sexual abuse with Fr. Lawrence S. Brey.
  • In 2005, three members (Steve A. Belzak, Justin Kirkland, and Michael W. Muratore) of the Tridentine Latin Rite Church under Schuckardt were found guilty of sexually abusing an 8-year-old boy beginning in 2000.[25]
  • Sherri Schettler (daughter of Joseph Urann of Pillar Investment Co. who purchased Mt. St. Michael), a former CMRI nun, claims in a 2014 book that the Mother Superior at Mt. St. Michael boarding school at the time sexually molested one girl (a current nun who later left) and that this was covered up by Bishop Pivarunas.[26]

Chicoine & Pivarunas Era (1984 to present)

In 1984, after the ousting of Schuckardt, the CMRI sought out a sedevacantist bishop to ordain clergy for the congregation, and found Bishop George J. Musey of Galveston, Texas, United States, whose episcopal lineage, like that of most other sedevacantist bishops, traces to the Vietnamese sedevacantist Bishop Ngô Đình Thục.[9]

On 23 April 1985, three of the four remaining priests of the congregation formally and publicly took an "Abjuration of Error and Profession of Faith ad cautelam" before Musey in case, through their previous actions, they had incurred any ecclesiastical censures. Musey then conditionally ordained them.[9] He publicly stated that he had little reason to doubt the validity of their earlier ordinations, but he nevertheless decided that the most prudent course of action would be to bestow conditional ordination on them, as he believed that since the Holy See is vacant, an authoritative and binding decision on their orders cannot be made, and that the validity of their orders will always be doubtful in the minds of some.[11][a]

Other sedevacantist bishops who ordained priests for or assisted the congregation include Bishop Moisés Carmona[29] and Bishop Robert McKenna, bishops whose episcopal lineages also trace to Thục.

In 1986, the congregation held its first General Chapter, establishing a formal set of Rules and Constitutions. In the same year, the Rule was approved by McKenna.

In August 1989, Father Tarcisius Pivarunas (Mark Pivarunas) was elected as the Superior General of the congregation,[30] succeeding Father Chicoine.[9]

On 1 February 1991, Carmona expressed his desire to consecrate as bishop whomever the congregation chooses. On 3 April 1991, Pivarunas was elected to be consecrated a bishop. In accordance with Catholic practice, Pivarunas discontinued the use of his religious name, "Tarcisius", and in accordance with the CMRI Constitutions, resigned his post as the Superior General. He was succeeded by Father Casimir M. Puskorius. On 24 September 1991, in Mount Saint Michael, Pivarunas was consecrated a bishop by Carmona.[9][31][32]

In 1995, Pivarunas was re-elected as the Superior General of the congregation, succeeding Puskorius. He remains the Superior General to this day.

In June 2007, 15 sisters living at Mount Saint Michael in Spokane were expelled from the congregation because they had come to disagree with the congregation's stance of sedevacantism.[1] They joined the Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane and formed the Sisters of Mary, Mother of the Church (SMMC) under the authority of William Skylstad, bishop of Spokane.[1]

Change in Positions in the Post-Schuckardt Period

A number of changes were made after 1984 after Schuckardt was removed:

  • Schuckardt had required anyone joining the CMRI from the Vatican II Church to make an abjuration of error. Bp. Sanborn has stated[33] that Bp. Schuckardt was the only sedevacantist bishop to require an abjuration of error when joining from the Vatican II Church. Today, the CMRI does not require this abjuration of error, nor does any sedevacantist bishop.
  • Newspapers had noted that Schuckardt taught that, "American is a Freemasonic Republic and that it is anti-Catholic to support the U.S. Government or honor the American flag." Today, the CMRI has the American flag posted in the sanctuary of the chapels and the lay membership is overwhelmingly in support of the U.S. Government, especially in support of President Donald Trump and the U.S. military.
  • Schuckardt had required men and women to sit on opposite sides of the church as per the 1917 Code of Canon Law. The CMRI no longer requires this of parishioners.

Core Leadership & Families

The following people are part of the core membership of the group:

  • Bishop Pivarunas was consecrated in 1991 and has led the group since. He runs the major seminary and operates the group out of Omaha, NE.
  • Rev. Fr. Carimir Puskorius, CMRI is the Pastor of Mt. St. Michael in Spokane, WA
  • The Hughes family moved from Ohio with their dairy farm business to join with Schuckardt prior to the 1984 split. The family has produced two CMRI priests: Fr. Mary Benedict Hughes & Fr. Brendan Hughes. Fr. Benedict Hughes is pastor of the parish at the original location at the City of Mary in Rathdrum, ID.
  • The Urban family was part of the core leadership with Francis Schuckardt and Denis Chicoine. The Urban family was involved with Schuckardt prior to the move to Coeur d'Alene in the summer of 1967. Alvina ran a house for the boarding school. Notable figures in the family include Sister Mary Bernadette (Janet) Urban[34] and Alvina Urban[35] who were noted on legal paperwork along with Frater R. Denis Chicoine and "Christ the King Priory, Inc., an Idaho Corporation." The Urban family was strongly anti-communist and from a conservative rural Montana family that was strongly opposed to changes in the Catholic Church of the late 1960s.
  • The Urann family was involved with the purchase of Mt. St. Michael and were involved with the convent. Notable figures include Joseph Urann and Sherri Schettler.
  • Identical twin brothers Fr. Dominic (Mark) Radecki and Fr. Francisco (Michael) Radecki are CMRI priests. Their mother Emily Radecki had brought them to join Schuckardt's church in the 1970s. Emily was the subject of a lawsuit brought by her husband Henry Michael "Hank" Radecki against the Schuckardt group in the 1970s. Hank's brother Dr. Joseph A. Radecki was also involved in the lawsuit since his wife Catherine had been induced to join the Schuckardt group and kidnap their children.
  • The Strain family has been at the core of the group since the 1970s. Mary Strain is the daughter of Catherine Angela (Schultz) Radecki, who was part of a lawsuit brought in the 1970s by her husband Dr. Joseph A. Radecki. Cornel Strain is head of the lay parish council at the City of Mary and numerous families in the CMRI are connected through the Strain family lineage.
  • The Freddi family (wealthy beef ranchers) is a large donor to the CMRI, living on Freddi Rd in Rathdrum ID and the Davis family (Fr. Philip Davis is a CMRI priest and his family runs a podcast[36]).
  • Most of these families purchased large amounts of land on Church Rd near the City of Mary or near Mt. St. Michael in the 1970s.

Criticism & Reconciliation

There has been a movement among former CMRI members & other Traditional Roman Catholics to expose the reality of the Schuckardt group, CMRI, and Traditional Roman Catholicism in general. This movement exists to expose the abuse, lies, history, pain, and financial ties of both former and current members. This exposure has been happening for decades, but has especially taken off since the 2010s. This change mirrors the wider Roman Catholic Church that has been coming to terms with its history of abuse.

  • In 2014, former nun Sherri Ann Schettler (Urann) published her memoir, "Spiritual Blackmail: My Journey Through A Catholic Cult" notably describing sexual abuse within the convent at Mt. St. Michael.[37]
  • In 2016, "Bishop" Joseph Marie wrote a letter[38] to "Bishop" Mary Fidelis (Andrew Jacobs) arguing that their episcopal & priestly orders were invalid. Joseph Marie and Mary Fidelis were the two bishops consecrated by Francis Schuckardt in 2006 prior to Schuckardt's death. Joseph Marie runs a website[39] calling for the "old CMRI" (how he refers to those who remained with Chicoine after 1984) to reconcile with their past and to make amends for what they've done.
  • In 2020, a critical documentary, "Congregation of Mary Immaculate | The Cult Next Door Ep. #2" was released.[40]
  • The group has had a history of allowing one spouse to kidnap their children (as noted in lawsuits filed beginning in the 1970s) in order to join the CMRI and to get married to other CMRI members. This has led to numerous lawsuits and accusations that the CMRI is splitting up families. Accusations of child kidnapping and splitting up spouses has continued to the present. Other Traditional Catholic groups have distanced themselves from the CMRI due to their permissiveness regarding marriage annulments.[41]
  • The Traditional Catholic priests have given theological & financial support to husbands who abuse their wives and children. This abuse is justified by appealing to teachings of the Roman Catholic Church following Ephisians 5:23 "...for the husband is the head of the wife" allowing for abuse that is hidden from public view. Numerous women have gotten help through the family law system since they're unable to get help from Traditional Catholics.

List of Superiors General

Notes

  1. ^ Canonists such as Beste[27] and Regatillo[28] concede the presumption of the validity of Holy Orders conferred by the Old Catholic bishops in Holland, Germany and Switzerland only.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Graves, Jim (October 19, 2012). "The Return to Rome, Five Years Later". The Catholic World Report. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  2. ^ "CMRI's Marian Spirit: Total Consecration to the Blessed Virgin". Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (CMRI). 10 August 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  3. ^ "CMRI Traditional Catholic Latin Mass churches, chapels, schools, seminaries, convents". Omaha, NE | Spokane, WA: CMRI. 10 August 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-08-31. Retrieved 2019-01-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  4. ^ "Links" (web sites of individual CMRI churches, chapels, schools, minor seminary). Spokane, WA: St. Michael's Traditional Catholic Parish. Archived from the original on 2018-04-22. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  5. ^ "CMRI Schools, Seminary and Convents". Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (CMRI). 17 August 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  6. ^ "CMRI: A Traditional Catholic Religious Congregation". Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (CMRI). Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  7. ^ "Who are the Singing Nuns?". The Singing Nuns. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  8. ^ "Annual Fatima Conference". CMRI: Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen. 2018-08-20. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Rev. Anthony Cekada. "Mt. St. Michael & CMRI: Brief Overview". October 1993.
  10. ^ Rev. Daniel B. Ahern. "Mount Saint Michael - A Systematic Study".
  11. ^ a b Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "CMRI Conference in Cincinnati, 1991 (improved quality, complete)". sedevideos.
  12. ^ Ruby, Griff. "The Resurrection of the Roman Catholic Church", Chapter Nine, "The Advance of the Sedevacantists". 26 September 2002. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  13. ^ Congregation of Mary Immaculate | The Cult Next Door Ep. #2, retrieved 2022-07-30
  14. ^ "Joseph E. Urann Obituary (2011) Spokesman-Review". Legacy.com. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  15. ^ "THE RESURRECTION OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH". www.the-pope.com. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  16. ^ Congregation of Mary Immaculate | The Cult Next Door Ep. #2, retrieved 2022-07-30
  17. ^ "Bishop Schuckardt, CMRI, Mount Saint Michaels". bishopjosephmarie.org. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  18. ^ "O'NEIL v. SCHUCKARDT | 733 P.2d 693 (1986) | p2d69311426 | Leagle.com". Leagle. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  19. ^ "CHICOINE v. BIGNALL | 899 P.2d 438 (1995) | p2d43811333 | Leagle.com". Leagle. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  20. ^ "Bishop Schuckardt, CMRI, Mount Saint Michaels". bishopjosephmarie.org. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
  21. ^ "Fr. Burton J. Fraser - BishopAccountability.org". 2019-06-20. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
  22. ^ "Credible Accusation of Sexual Misconduct Leveled against Deceased Diocesan Priest, by Deacon Eric Meisfjord, Inland Register, DATA". www.bishop-accountability.org. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
  23. ^ "Sexual Abuse Lawsuit Filed Against Holy Innocents' Catholic School in Waite Park". Jeff Anderson and Associates. 2018-12-03. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  24. ^ Uren, Adam. "Woman claims sexual abuse by 'secretive' family that ran Catholic school". Bring Me The News. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  25. ^ "Third cult member surrenders in sex abuse case". www.culteducation.com. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
  26. ^ "Spiritual Blackmail: My Journey Through A Catholic Cult Paperback – November 19, 2014".
  27. ^ U. Beste, Introductio in Codicem (Collegeville MN: St. John’s 1946), 951.
  28. ^ Jus Sacramentarium, 878.
  29. ^ "Adsum (October 2016)" (PDF). Mater Dei Seminary. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  30. ^ "Superior General: Bishop Mark A. Pivarunas, CMRI". Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (CMRI). Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  31. ^ "Adsum (September 2016)" (PDF). Mater Dei Seminary. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  32. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Episcopal Consecration of Bp. Mark Pivarunas, CMRI". sedevideos. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  33. ^ Bishop Sanborn Replies to Bishop Dolan, retrieved 2022-07-30
  34. ^ Eyewitness to the Modernist Revolution in the Catholic Church: A Nun tells her Story, retrieved 2022-07-30
  35. ^ "Alvina URBAN Obituary (2013) Spokesman-Review". Legacy.com. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  36. ^ "The Catholic Wire – Ut In Omnibus Honorificetur Deus!". Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  37. ^ "Spiritual Blackmail: My Journey Through A Catholic Cult".
  38. ^ www.bishopjosephmarie.org http://www.bishopjosephmarie.org/doctrine/doubtfulordersfschuckardt.html. Retrieved 2022-07-30. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. ^ "Traditional Catholic Church, Traditional Catholicism". www.bishopjosephmarie.org. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  40. ^ Congregation of Mary Immaculate | The Cult Next Door Ep. #2, retrieved 2022-07-30
  41. ^ "What Serious Catholics Should Know About the CMRI". True Restoration. 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-07-30.

Bibliography

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