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7mm Remington Magnum

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7mm Remington Magnum
Left to right: .308 Winchester, .284 Winchester and 7mm Remington Magnum
TypeRifle
Place of originUnited States
Production history
DesignerRemington Arms Company
Designed1962
ManufacturerRemington
Produced1962–Present
Specifications
Parent case.375 H&H Magnum
Case typeRimless, bottleneck
Bullet diameter.284 in (7.2 mm)
Land diameter.277 in (7.0 mm)
Neck diameter.315 in (8.0 mm)
Shoulder diameter.491 in (12.5 mm)
Base diameter.512 in (13.0 mm)
Rim diameter.532 in (13.5 mm)
Case length2.5 in (64 mm)
Overall length3.29 in (84 mm)
Case capacity82.0 gr H2O (5.31 cm3)
Rifling twist1/9 in (230 mm) to 1/10 in (250 mm)
Primer typeLarge rifle magnum
Maximum pressure (C.I.P.)62,366 psi (430.00 MPa)
Maximum pressure (SAAMI)61,000 psi (420 MPa)
Maximum CUP52,000 CUP
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
110 gr (7 g) Barnes TTS[citation needed] 3,500 ft/s (1,100 m/s) 2,992 ft⋅lbf (4,057 J)
140 gr (9 g) Nosler AB[citation needed] 3,110 ft/s (950 m/s) 3,006 ft⋅lbf (4,076 J)
150 gr (10 g) Soft Point[citation needed] 3,110 ft/s (950 m/s) 3,221 ft⋅lbf (4,367 J)
165 gr (11 g) Sierra GK BT[citation needed] 2,950 ft/s (900 m/s) 3,188 ft⋅lbf (4,322 J)
175 gr (11 g) Soft Point[citation needed] 2,860 ft/s (870 m/s) 3,178 ft⋅lbf (4,309 J)
Test barrel length: 24 in (610 mm)
Source(s): Accurate Powder [1]

The 7mm Remington Magnum rifle cartridge was introduced as a commercially available round in 1962,[2] along with the new Remington Model 700 bolt-action rifle. It is a member of the belted magnum family that is directly derived from the venerable .375 H&H Magnum.[3] The original purpose of the belted magnum concept taken from the .300 H&H Magnum and .375 H&H Magnum, was to provide precise headspace control, since the sloping shoulders, while easing cartridge extraction, were unsuitable for this purpose. Improved cartridge extraction reliability is desirable while hunting dangerous game, in particular when a fast follow-up shot is required. The 7mm Remington Magnum is based on the commercial .264 Winchester Magnum, .338 Winchester Magnum, and .458 Winchester Magnum, which were based on the same belted .300 H&H Magnum and .375 H&H Magnum cases, trimmed to nearly the same length as the .270 Weatherby Magnum.[3]

History

On its introduction, the 7mm Remington Magnum substantially usurped the market share held by the .264 Winchester Magnum, which went into sharp decline in popularity and sales after 1962.[4] By 1963 Winchester introduced the .300 Winchester Magnum to compete with Remington's new belted magnum cartridge. Both cartridges have remained the most popular magnum calibers among hunters and shooters ever since.

Les Bowman, hunting editor and outfitter was primarily responsible for the development and introduction of the cartridge. He noticed the need for a lower recoil cartridge capable of taking elk-sized game at the longer ranges common where he guided clients. He found that the .300 Weatherby Magnum produced too much recoil for many hunters, resulting in poor shot placement, and the .270 Winchester combined with the bullets available at the time, lacked the downrange energy to cleanly kill game. He found in the .275 Holland & Holland Magnum, a suitable alternative, but unavailable in the US.[5]

Design

The 7mm Remington Magnum offers ballistics better than the .30-06 Springfield with all available bullet weights, one of the more popular loads being a 160-grain spitzer loaded to 3,000 ft/s (910 m/s). This is due both to the higher muzzle velocity of the magnum compared to the Springfield and that .284 diameter bullets tend to have better ballistic coefficients than .308 diameter bullets of comparable mass. Because of the smaller bullet diameter .284 diameter bullets also have higher sectional density than .308 diameter bullets, and because of that better penetration in the target (it takes a 206-grain .308 diameter bullet to get the same sectional density as a 175-grain .284 bullet, an increased weight that requires 15-20% more muzzle energy to get the same muzzle velocity). The heaviest commercially loaded ammo available for the 7mm is 195 grains,[6] while the .30-06 Springfield can be loaded with bullets up to 220 grains, but for a .308 caliber to equal the flat trajectory and penetration of a .284 diameter 180-grain bullet with a muzzle velocity of 2,860 ft/sec (870 m/s), as offered for the 7mm Remington Magnum, requires muzzle energy close to what the .300 Winchester Magnum can offer, i.e. well beyond what the .30-06 can deliver.

Cartridge dimensions

The 7mm Remington Magnum has 5.31 ml (82-grain) H2O cartridge case capacity.

7mm Remington Magnum maximum C.I.P. cartridge dimensions. All sizes in millimeters (mm).[7]

Americans would define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 = 25 degrees. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 241 mm (1 in 9.49 in), 6 grooves, Ø lands = 7.04 mm, Ø grooves = 7.21 mm, land width = 2.79 mm. The cartridge uses a large rifle magnum primer type.

According to the official C.I.P. (Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives) rulings, the 7mm Remington Magnum case can handle up to 430.00 MPa (62,366 psi) Pmax piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers. This means that as of 2016, 7mm Remington Magnum chambered arms in C.I.P. regulated countries are proof tested at 537.50 MPa (77,958 psi) PE piezo pressure.[7]

The SAAMI maximum average pressure (MAP) for this cartridge is 61,000 psi (420.58 MPa) piezo pressure.[8]

Use

The 7mm Remington Magnum is a big game hunting cartridge capable of taking thin skinned game at considerable hunting ranges. Due to its high ballistic coefficient, which is common in all .284" caliber cartridges, the 7mm Rem Mag bucks wind efficiently. Because of its flat shooting nature and the relatively tolerable recoil, the 7mm Remington Magnum is especially popular for big-game hunting in Western Canada and in the United States, for plains game in Africa, and mountain hunting around the world. It has also been chambered in sniper rifles as the US Secret Service counter-sniper team has deployed this cartridge in urban areas along with the .300 Winchester Magnum.[9] Popular online gun author Chuck Hawks calls the 7mm Remington "one of the great all-around rifle cartridges."[10]

Some cartridges in 7mm Remington Magnum (circle size proportional to recoil).
  • Game class vs 6 inch maximum point blank range.
    Game class vs 6 inch maximum point blank range.
  • Sectional density vs ballistic coefficient.
    Sectional density vs ballistic coefficient.

Alternative cartridges

The 7mm Winchester Short Magnum cartridge, a rebated rim bottlenecked centerfire short magnum introduced in 2001, is probably the closest ballistic twin of the 7mm Remington Magnum. The 7mm Winchester Short Magnum is considerably shorter and fatter and has a steeper shoulder angle and a shorter neck (6.17 mm) than the 7mm Remington Magnum. This makes the 7mm Remington Magnum case with its 6.89 mm long neck better suited for loading long, heavier bullets. On the other hand, the proportions of 7mm Winchester Short Magnum promote good internal ballistic efficiency that allows the 7mm Winchester Short Magnum to fire shorter lighter bullets at slightly higher muzzle velocities while using less propellant than the classically proportioned 7mm Remington Magnum.

The commercially rarer 7mm Remington Short Action Ultra Magnum cartridge, a rebated rim bottlenecked centerfire short magnum introduced in 2002, is probably the other closest ballistic twin of the 7mm Remington Magnum. The 7mm Remington Short Action Ultra Magnum is considerably shorter and fatter and has a steeper shoulder angle and a longer neck (7.90 mm) than the 7mm Remington Magnum. This makes the 7mm Remington Short Action Ultra Magnum better suited for loading long heavier bullets.

These 21st-century ballistic twin short fat magnum cartridges can handle 440.00 MPa (63,817 psi) Pmax piezo pressure according to the C.I.P. or a maximum average pressure of 65,000 psi (448.16 MPa) piezo pressure according to the SAAMI.

The 7mm Precision Rifle Cartridge (7mm PRC)[11] was introduced in 2022 and is essentially a necked-down shortened version of the .375 Ruger. The 7mm PRC cartridge case capacity is 5.05 ml (78 grains) H2O. The .375 Ruger cartridge case was used by Hornady as the basis for new long-range cartridges, since it had the capability to operate with high chamber pressures (65,000 psi (448.16 MPa) Pmax piezo pressure according to the SAAMI), which combined with a neck and barrel throat optimized for loading relatively long and heavy very-low-drag bullets without the need to seat the bullets deeply recessed into the case result in adequate muzzle velocities from bolt-action rifles. Rifles chambered for the 7mm PRC provide slightly improved ballistics over the 7mm Remington Magnum and must be capable of handling (long-action length) 3.34 in (84.84 mm) overall length cartridges.[12][13]

Another alternative cartridge that provides slightly improved ballistics over the .7mm Rem Mag, is the 7mm Weatherby Magnum, which though released to the market 18 years before, never reached the popularity of the former, mainly because of Weatherby rifles' high price and since the barrels for Weatherby's cartrdige initially had a 1:12 twist, being too slow to stabilize heavier bullets.

Choice of bullet and barrel length

Bullet choice when reloading is critical, as bullet velocity at close ranges may result in less robust bullets disintegrating without providing significant penetration on especially tough game.[14] Thus one would do well to use a premium bullet of some sort, for instance a bonded bullet.[15] The choice of barrel length is also critical, as a 26-or-27-inch (660 or 686 mm) barrel is commonly needed to achieve the full velocity potential of the cartridge, and a 24 inches (610 mm) barrel should be viewed as a practical minimum. This is because in shorter, i.e., sporter, barrels, of approximately 22 inches (559 mm), the cartridge ballistics deteriorate to much the same as those achieved in a .270 Winchester, while generating more recoil and muzzle blast than the .270 Winchester.

See also

References

  1. ^ 7 mm Remington Magnum data from Accurate Powder"
  2. ^ Accurate (2000). Accurate Smokeless Powders Loading Guide (Number Two (Revised) ed.). Prescott, AZ: Wolfe Publishing. p. 247. Barcode 94794 00200.
  3. ^ a b Speer Reloading Manual
  4. ^ .264 Win Mag data from Accurate Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Remington's Big Seven". www.americanrifleman.org. May 29, 2012.
  6. ^ McAdams, John (2018-11-13). "7mm Rem Mag vs 300 Win Mag: What You Know May Be Wrong". Big Game Hunting Blog. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
  7. ^ a b C.I.P. TDCC sheet 7 mm Rem. Mag.
  8. ^ ANSI/SAAMI Velocity & Pressure Data: Centerfire Rifle Archived 2013-07-02 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "7mm Remington Magnum" (PDF). Sierra Reloading Manual. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  10. ^ The 7mm Remington Magnum by Chuck Hawks
  11. ^ "New Cartridge & Chamber 7mm Precision Rifle Cartridge (7mm PRC)" (PDF). saami.org. July 6, 2022. Retrieved 2023-07-13.
  12. ^ Harmer, Jim (2023-07-17). "7mm PRC: Complete ballistic data (recoil, trajectory, energy)". Backfire. Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  13. ^ Harmer, Jim (2022-11-21). "6.5 PRC vs 7 PRC vs 300 PRC: A ballistics comparison (plus hands-on experience)". Backfire. Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  14. ^ Fackler, Martin L., "Wounding Patterns of Military Rifle Bullets", International Defense Review, 1989, pp. 59-64
  15. ^ von Benedikt, Joseph. "Bullet Basics: Bonded vs. Non-Bonded Bullets". RifleShooter. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
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