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2024 South Korean legislative election

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2024 South Korean legislative election
South Korea
← 2020 10 April 2024
All 300 seats in the National Assembly
151 seats needed for a majority
Turnout66.99% (Increase0.78pp)
Party Leader Current seats
Democratic[a] Lee Jae-myung 156[c]
People Power[b] Han Dong-hoon 114[d]
Green–Justice Kim Jun-woo 6
New Reform Lee Jun-seok 4
New Future Lee Nak-yon 3
Progressive Yoon Hee-suk 1
Rebuilding Korea Cho Kuk 1
Liberal Unification Jeon Kwang-hoon 1
Incumbent Speaker
Kim Jin-pyo
Democratic

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 10 April 2024 to elect all 300 members of the National Assembly.[1][2]

Electoral system

See also: Elections in South Korea and Legislative elections in South Korea

The National Assembly's 300 seats are elected by the following methods:[3][4]

The minimum voting age is set at 18.

Campaign developments

The election was held amid several political and socioeconomic issues in South Korea such as corruption, with President Yoon Suk-yeol of the People Power Party facing criticism over the handling of issues involving his wife and a former minister, and party leaders such as the Democratic Party's Lee Jae-myung, and Rebuilding Korea Party's Cho Kuk facing trials for bribery and forgery respectively,[5] as well as rising inflation and the ongoing doctors' strike.[6] One major talking point was an incident on 18 March when President Yoon visited a grocery store in Seoul to check consumer prices and describing the 875-won ($0.65) price of a green onion he found as reasonable, only to emerge that the onions were being sold at a discount and that the true price of onions was three to four times higher. The incident led to opposition candidates bringing out green onions at campaign rallies and the hashtag #greenonions875won becoming a trending topic on social media throughout the election. In response, the National Election Commission banned voters from bringing green onions to polling stations, citing concerns over "election interference". This was in turn, widely ridiculed and led to an increase in demand for green onion-themed merchandise.[7]

On 27 October 2023, the Justice Party and Green Party announced their intention to form an electoral alliance and invited other left-wing parties to participate.[8] This move was heavily criticized by Justice Party deputies Jang Hye-young and Ryu Ho-jeong, as well as former Justice Party Youth Committee Chair Kim Chang-in; all three believe that the Justice Party should form electoral alliances not by ideology, but with any "third zone" party opposed to the Democratic and People Power parties.[9]

On 2 January 2024, Lee Jae-myung was stabbed in an assassination attempt while visiting the construction site of an airport in Gadeokdo, Busan.[citation needed] He was later criticised for using a sexually derogative term to describe People Power Party politician Na Kyung-won during a criticism of her pro-Japanese views.[10]

On 15 January 2024, the Green Party and Justice Party announced a left-wing election coalition called the "Green-Justice Party."[11] On the same day, Basic Income Party leader Yong Hye-in announced a pro-Democrat electoral coalition to counter the People Power Party.[12]

Throughout the campaign, the People Power Party argued that President Yoon's government has been unable to push its reform agenda forward since taking office in 2022 due to an uncooperative National Assembly controlled by the opposition, while the Democratic Party described Yoon's administration as "incompetent", accusing it of causing a socioeconomic downturn and mishandling several controversial issues. The Rebuilding Korea Party campaigned for an early end to Yoon's presidency,[13] with Cho Kuk pledging to turn Yoon into "first a lame duck, then a dead duck”.[14]

Political parties

See also: List of political parties in South Korea
Parties Leader Ideology Seats Status
Last election Before election
Democratic Party of Korea Lee Jae-myung Liberalism
180 / 300
[e]
156 / 300
[f] 		Opposition
3 / 300
[g]
People Power Party Han Dong-hoon Conservatism
103 / 300
[h]
114 / 300
[i] 		Government
3 / 300
[j]
1 / 300
[k]
Green–Justice Party Kim Jun-woo Progressivism
6 / 300
6 / 300
 Opposition
New Future Party Lee Nak-yon Centrist reformism Did not exist
5 / 300
New Reform Party Lee Jun-seok Conservatism[15] Did not exist
4 / 300
Progressive Party Yoon Hee-suk Left-wing nationalism
0 / 300
1 / 300
Liberal Unification Party Chang Kyung-dong Anti-communism
0 / 300
1 / 300
 Government
Rebuilding Korea Party Cho Kuk Liberalism Did not exist
1 / 300
 Opposition

Candidates

Electoral symbol Parties Candidates
Constituency Proportional Constituency (254) Proportional (46)
1 — Democratic Party of Korea
246 / 254
 —
2 — People Power Party
254 / 254
 —
— 3 Democratic Alliance of Korea —
30 / 46
— 4 People Future Party —
35 / 46
5 Green–Justice Party
17 / 254
14 / 46
6 New Future Party
28 / 254
11 / 46
7 New Reform Party
43 / 254
10 / 46
7 or 8 8 Liberal Unification Party
11 / 254
20 / 46
7 or 8 — Progressive Party
21 / 254
 —
— 9 Rebuilding Korea Party —
25 / 46

Lawmakers not standing for re-election

As of 14 February 2024, a total of 17 current members of the National Assembly have announced their intention not to stand for re-election.

Number of lawmakers' retirements by party affiliation
Party Lawmakers retiring
Elected[l] Current
Democratic 13 10
People Power 4 2
Independent 0 3
Liberal Unification 0 1
New Future 0 1
Total 17
Members of Parliament not standing for re-election
MP Seat First elected Party Date Announced
Woo Sang-ho Seodaemun A 2004 Democratic 13 December 2020[16]
Oh Yeong-hwan Gyeonggi Uijeongbu A 2020 New Future 10 April 2023[17]
Ha Young-je Sacheon–Namhae–Hadong 2020 Independent 24 May 2023[18]
Kim Nam-kuk Ansan Danwon B 2020 Independent 22 August 2023[19]
Park Byeong-seug Seo A 2000 Democratic 6 November 2023[20]
Kang Min-jung Proportional 2020 Democratic 15 November 2023[21]
Chang Je-won Sasang 2008 People Power Party 12 December 2023[22]
Lee Tahney Yongin D 2020 Democratic 13 December 2023[23]
Hong Sung-kook Sejong A 2020 Democratic 13 December 2023[24]
Kim Jin-pyo Suwon E 2004 Independent (Incumbent Speaker) 4 January 2024[25]
Kim Woong Songpa A 2020 People Power Party 8 January 2024[26]
Kim Min-ki Yongin B 2012 Democratic 19 January 2024[27]
Lim Jong-seong Gwangju B 2016 Democratic
Kim Hong-gul Proportional 2020 Democratic 22 January 2024[28]
Choi Jong-yoon Hanam 2020 Democratic 22 January 2024[29]
In Jae-keun Dobong A 2012 Democratic 14 February 2024[30]

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2024 South Korean legislative election
7 day moving average curve of the polling for the constituency vote with a 7 day average bar chart.
7 day moving average curve of the polling for the proportional vote with a 7 day average bar chart.

Conduct

Early voting opened on 5 April and lasted until 7 April. Among those who cast their votes early were People Power Party leader Han Dong-hoon, who voted in Seoul, and Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung, who voted in Daejeon.[31] At least 13.8 million voters participated in early voting,[7] equivalent to about 31% of the electorate.[32]

On election day, voting in 14,259 polling stations opened at 06:00 and closed at 18:00.[32][13] Overall turnout was estimated at 67%, an increase of 0.8% from 2020, and the highest recorded for a legislative election in South Korea since 1992.[33]

Voter turnout by region

Voter turnout by province (accumulate)[34]
Region Electorate Early Vote Overall
5 April 6 April 10 April
Voter % Voter % Voter %
Seoul 8,310,021 1,315,890 15.83 2,711,316 32.63 5,758,313 69,3
Busan 2,884,261 427,839 14.83 852,871 29.57 1,947,669 67.5
Daegu 2,051,656 251,503 12.26 525,222 25.60 1,312,872 64.0
Incheon 2,582,765 374,537 14.50 776,408 30.06 1,686,974 65.3
Gwangju 1,199,920 239,483 19.96 455,962 38.00 818,372 68.2
Daejeon 1,236,801 181,300 14.66 374,206 30.26 819,636 66.3
Ulsan 934,661 138,305 14.80 281,659 30.13 625,088 66.9
Sejong 301,297 51,184 16.99 110,888 36.80 211,405 70.2
Gyeonggi 11,595,385 1,627,194 14.03 3,425,648 29.54 7,732,236 66.7
Gangwon 1,331,959 235,574 17.69 434,704 32.64 887,434 66.6
North Chungcheong 1,372,679 215,419 15.69 420,624 30.64 895,768 65.2
South Chungcheong 1,825,472 286,637 15.70 552,098 30.24 1,185,939 65.0
North Jeolla 1,517,738 324,150 21.36 583,724 38.46 1,022,602 67.4
South Jeolla 1,565,232 370,442 23.67 644,774 41.19 1,080,202 69.0
North Gyeongsang 2,224,011 361,141 16.24 683,836 30.75 1,447,739 65.1
South Gyeongsang 2,779,542 424,367 15.27 853,610 30.71 1,877,784 67.6
Jeju 566,611 85,545 15.10 161,493 28.50 352,541 62.2
Overall total 44,280,011 6,910,510 15.61 13,849,043 31.28 29,662,313 67.0

Results

Exit polls indicated that the Democratic Party and its partner, the Democratic Alliance of Korea, would win between 168 to 197 seats in the National Assembly, while the People Power Party and its partner, the People Future Party, were expected to win between 85 to 111 seats. The Rebuilding Korea Party, which only contested proportional representation seats, was projected to win 15 seats. Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung was projected to keep his seat in Gyeyang B of Incheon against People Power Party candidate and former land minister Won Hee-ryong, winning 56.1% and 42.8% of the vote respectively.[35]

All 254 constituency seats and 44 of the 46 proportional seats declared
Party or allianceProportionalConstituencyTotal
seats
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
People Power Party / People Future Party18–90108
Democratic AllianceDemocratic Party13–161170
Progressive Party–13
New Progressive Alliance–02
Total–162175
Rebuilding Korea Party1212
New Reform Party1–12
Liberal Unification Party0–00
Green–Justice Party0–00
New Future Party0–11
Pine Tree Party0–00
Grand National Party [ko]00
National Revolutionary Party00
Saenuri Party00
Freedom and Democracy Party [ko]0–00
Christian Party [ko]0–00
Grand National Unity Party00
Our Republican Party0–00
Great Korea Party [ko]00
Women's Party00
Hashtag People's Policy Party [ko]00
Labor Party0–00
Financial Reform Party [ko]00
Senior Welfare Party [ko]00
Republican Party [ko]00
Hongik Party [ko]00
Korea Farmers and Fishermen's Party [ko]0–00
Korea Nationalist Party0–00
Mirae Party00
New National Participation Party00
To Tomorrow, to the Future [ko]0–00
Republic of Korea Party [ko]00
Unification Korea Party [ko]00
Let's Go Korea [ko]00
Popular Democratic Party [ko]00
Gihuminsaeng Party0–00
Party for the Abolition of Special Privileges [ko]0–00
Korean Wave Union Party [ko]00
Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry [ko]00
K Political Innovation Union Party [ko]00
National New Political Party [ko]00
People's Sovereignty Party [ko]–00
People's Democracy Party–00
Korean National Party–00
Basic Income Party–00
Total44254298
Source: KBS

By city/province

By constituency

Incumbents who lost re-election

Members of Parliament who lost re-election
MP Seat First elected Party
Kim Hack-yong Anseong 2008[36] People Power
Kim Doo-kwan Yangsan B 2016[37] Democratic
Choi In-ho Saha A 2016 Democratic
Kang Gi-yun Changwon Seongsan 2012[38] People Power
Cho Eung-chun[39] Namyangju A 2016 New Reform Party
Lee Won-uk[40] Hwaseong D 2012 New Reform Party
Yang Hyang-ja[41] Yongin A 2020 New Reform Party
Hwangbo Seung-hee[42] Proportional Representation[43] 2020 Liberal Unification Party
Chung Jin-suk Gongju–Buyeo–Cheongyang 2000[44] People Power
Kim Young-joo Yeongdeungpo A 2004 People Power
Lee Sang-min Yuseong B 2004 People Power
Seol Hoon Bucheon B 1996 New Future
Hong Young-pyo Bupyeong B 2009 By-election New Future
Thae Yong-ho Guro A 2020 People Power
Choi Jae-hyung Jongro 2022 By-election People Power
Sim Sang-jeong Goyang A 2004 Justice

Reactions

Following the release of exit polls, Han Dong-hoon expressed disappointment over the People Power Party's losses in the election.[45] Cho Kuk called the results of the Rebuilding Korea Party's campaign the "victory of the people" and said it showed the people can "no longer put up with the regression" of the Yoon administration. Cho also called on President Yoon to "apologize for the numerous misdeeds and corruption", and pledged to introduce a special investigation bill against Han Dong-hoon once the new session of the National Assembly is formed.[46] Lee Jae-myung expressed thanks for the Democratic Party's showing and said the party will "humbly watch the people’s choices to the end".[47]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ with Democratic Alliance of Korea
  2. ^ with People Future
  3. ^ including 14 seat held by the Democratic Alliance of Korea
  4. ^ including 13 seats held by the People's Future Party
  5. ^ 163 - Democratic Party; 17 - Platform Party
  6. ^ 142 - Democratic Party; 14 - Democratic Alliance
  7. ^ Open Democratic Party
  8. ^ 84 - United Future Party; 19 - Future Korea Party
  9. ^ 101 - People Power Party; 13 - People Future Party
  10. ^ People Party
  11. ^ Transition Korea
  12. ^ Party affiliation of retiring MPs at the time of the 2020 legislative election.

References

  1. ^ "Political parties in full-fledged election mode as April 10 voting nears". The Korea Times. 20 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  2. ^ "선거일정". www.nec.go.kr. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  3. ^ "A Guide to South Korea's 2024 National Assembly Election". Korea Economic Institute of America. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  4. ^ Seung-yeon, Kim (27 March 2024). "April elections campaign to kick off as parties race for crucial votes". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  5. ^ "South Korea holds parliamentary elections: All you need to know". Al Jazeera. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  6. ^ Kim, Hyung-Jim; Tong-Hyung, Kim (5 April 2024). "South Korea election issues: Green onions, striking doctors, an alleged sexist jab at a candidate". Associated Press. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  7. ^ a b "Green onion outcry: humble vegetable roils S. Korean vote". France 24. 7 April 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  8. ^ "정의당, 녹색당과 '총선용 연합정당' 추진…당내선 "편법" 반발". 26 October 2023.
  9. ^ "[인터뷰] 류호정·김창인 "유시민·민주노총과 함께 해야만 진보정당인가"". 여성신문. 23 October 2023.
  10. ^ "Here's what South Koreans are concerned about as they vote for parliament this week". Associated Press. 8 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  11. ^ "정의당, 녹색당과 선거연합정당 결정…류호정 거취 기자회견". KBS News (in Korean). Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  12. ^ "용혜인 "민주당-진보진영, '비례연합정당' 공식 제안"". 내외방송 (in Korean). 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  13. ^ a b "(LEAD) Voters hit the polls in parliamentary elections". Yonhap. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  14. ^ "South Koreans vote in election seen as test of President Yoon Suk-yeol". Al Jazeera. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  15. ^ ""KIM OVERSEES MISSILE TEST"". KBS. 29 January 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  16. ^ 하, 준호 (13 December 2020). "우상호 서울시장 출사표 "차기 총선 불출마"…박영선·박주민은?". JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  17. ^ 엄, 지원; 임, 재우 (10 April 2023). "민주당 오영환, 총선 불출마 선언 "소방관으로 돌아가겠다"". 민주당 오영환, 총선 불출마 선언 “소방관으로 돌아가겠다” (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  18. ^ 이, 영호 (24 May 2023). "하영제 국회의원, 국민의힘 탈당". 경남도민일보 (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  19. ^ "김남국, 징계 발표 앞두고 "내년 총선 불출마" 선언". SBS NEWS (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  20. ^ 박, 윤수 (6 November 2023). "'6선' 박병석 전 국회의장 총선 불출마 선언‥"내려놓을 때"". MBC 뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  21. ^ "강민정 민주당 의원, 내년 총선 불출마...당내 4번째 선언". KBC광주방송 (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  22. ^ ""나를 밟고 총선 승리해달라" 장제원 불출마 공식 선언". The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). 12 December 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  23. ^ 임, 재우 (13 December 2023). "이탄희, 총선 불출마 선언…"선거법만 지켜달라"". 이탄희, 총선 불출마 선언…“선거법만 지켜달라” (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  24. ^ 고, 한솔 (13 December 2023). "민주 홍성국 불출마 선언 "당내 1인 싱크탱크 역할 하겠다"". 민주 홍성국 불출마 선언 “당내 1인 싱크탱크 역할 하겠다” (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  25. ^ 이, 승환 (4 January 2024). "김진표 의장, '정계 은퇴' 시사하며 '개헌 과제' 제안…"인구감소 대책 명시해야"". 헤럴드경제 (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  26. ^ "김웅, 총선 불출마 선언… 장제원 이어 與 현역의원 두번째". The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). 8 January 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  27. ^ "민주 김민기·임종성 불출마… '물갈이' 신호탄?". Segye Ilbo (in Korean). 19 January 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  28. ^ 조, 문규 (22 January 2024). "DJ 셋째 민주 김홍걸, 총선 불출마…"이중잣대 검증"". JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  29. ^ 배, 재성 (22 January 2024). "민주당 초선 최종윤, 불출마 선언 "정치가 갈등 조장"". JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  30. ^ 배, 재성 (22 January 2024). "민주당 초선 최종윤, 불출마 선언 "정치가 갈등 조장"". JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  31. ^ "South Koreans cast ballots in early voting for general election". NHK. 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  32. ^ a b "South Korea's president faces a major test in a crucial parliamentary election". Associated Press. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  33. ^ "(6th LD) Tentative final voter turnout at 67 pct: election watchdog". Yonhap. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  34. ^ "사전투표진행상황". National Election Commission. 10 April 2024.
  35. ^ "(4th LD) Opposition forecast to win landslide victory: exit polls". Yonhap News Agency. 10 April 2024.
  36. ^ Kim lost his seat in 2020 but was re-elected through a by-election in March 2022
  37. ^ Kim was first elected at Gimpo A District in 2016 but was re-elected in 2020 at Yangsan B District
  38. ^ Kang was first elected in 2012, but lost his seat in 2016 and was re-elected in 2020
  39. ^ Originally elected as a member of the Democratic Party of Korea
  40. ^ Originally elected as a member of the Democratic Party of Korea
  41. ^ Originally elected as a member of the Democratic Party of Korea
  42. ^ Originally elected as a member of the People Power
  43. ^ Originally elected as constituency member for Jung-Yeongdo
  44. ^ Chung moved to proportional representation in 2008, resigning in 2010 to become the Senior Political Secretary to the President, and then lost in Seoul's Jung Distrist in 2012. He was re-elected in this district in 2016 and 2020
  45. ^ "PPP leader expresses disappointment after exit polls predict a landslide victory for opposition". Yonhap News Agency. 10 April 2024.
  46. ^ "New minor party leader declares 'victory of people' as predicted to win 15 seats". Yonhap News Agency. 10 April 2024.
  47. ^ "Exit polls suggest a big win by South Korea's liberal opposition parties in parliamentary election". Associated Press. 10 April 2024.
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