List of hooligan firms
This article provides a list of recognised hooligan firms or football firms, which are groups that have been verified as participating in football hooliganism or other sports-related hooliganism.
Football hooliganism has no legal definition. The term football hooliganism was created by the British media, particularly the tabloid press in the 1960s. Football hooliganism tends to be seen as simply meaning violence and/or disorder involving football fans.[1] However, the University of Liverpool's Football Advisory Group, which conducts academic research into the social, economic, historical, business, cultural and political aspects of football in the United Kingdom and other countries,[2] distinguishes two very specific types of football hooliganism. The first being "Spontaneous and usually low level disorder caused by fans at or around football matches". The second being "Deliberate and intentional violence involving organised gangs (or firms) who attach themselves to football clubs and fight firms from other clubs, sometimes a long way in time and space from a match".[1] It is the second type, football hooligan firms, which this list comprises.
Firms
Organised football hooligan firms exist in a number of countries. Whilst in countries such as England and Poland firms are clearly defined, in South America the situation is less clear cut. Therefore for groups in South America, see Barra Brava and Torcida.
England
- Arsenal F.C. – Gooners, The Herd[3]
- Aston Villa F.C. – Villa Youth, Steamers, Villa Hardcore, C-Crew[4]
- Birmingham City F.C. – Zulus[5]
- Blackpool F.C. – The Muckers[6]
- Bradford City A.F.C. – The Ointment[7]
- Bristol City F.C. – City Service Firm[8]
- Burnley F.C. – Suicide Squad [9]
- Carlisle United – Border City Firm [10]
- Chelsea F.C. – Headhunters[11]
- Coventry City F.C. – The Legion[12]
- Derby County F.C. – Derby Lunatic Fringe[13]
- Everton F.C. – County Road Cutters[14]
- Huddersfield Town F.C. – Huddersfield Young Casuals[15]
- Hull City F.C. – Hull City Psychos[16]
- Leeds United A.F.C. – Leeds United Service Crew[17]
- Leicester City – Baby Squad[18]
- Liverpool F.C. – The Urchins[19]
- Luton Town F.C. – The MIGs[20]
- Manchester City F.C. – Guvnors[21]
- Manchester United F.C. – The Red Army [22]
- Middlesbrough F.C. – The Frontline[23]
- Millwall F.C. – Bushwackers[24]
- Newcastle United F.C. – The Gremlins[25]
- Nottingham Forest F.C. – Forest Executive Crew[26]
- Norwich City F.C. – Norwich Hit Squad[27]
- Oldham Athletic – Fine Young Casuals[28]
- Plymouth Argyle – The Central Element[29]
- Portsmouth F.C. – 6.57 Crew[30]
- Preston North End F.C. – Preston Para Squad[31]
- Queens Park Rangers F.C. – Bushbabies[32]
- Sheffield United F.C. – Blades Business Crew[33][34]
- Sheffield Wednesday F.C. – Owls Crime Squad[35]
- Stoke City F.C. – Naughty Forty[36]
- Sunderland A.F.C. – Seaburn Casuals[25]
- Swindon Town F.C. – The Aggro Boys; Swindon Active Service (SAS)[37]
- Tottenham Hotspur F.C. – Yid Army[38]
- West Bromwich Albion – Section Five[39]
- West Ham United F.C. – Inter City Firm[40]
- Wolverhampton Wanderers – Subway Army[41]
France
- Paris Saint-Germain – Commando Pirate,[42] Casual Firm, Indépendants[43]
Israel
- Beitar Jerusalem – La Familia[44]
Norway
- S.K. Brann – Bergen Casuals[45]
- I.K. Start – Christianssands Herreekvipasje[46]
- Vålerenga I.F. Fotball – Enga Casuals[47]
Poland
- Ruch Chorzów – Psychofans[48]
- Lechia Gdańsk – Młode Orły[48]
- Wisła Kraków – Sharks[48] Devils[49]
- Cracovia Kraków – Jude Gang[48] ; Antywisła[49]
- Lech Poznań – Brygada Banici[48] ; Young Freaks '98 [50]
- Widzew Łódź – Destroyers[48]
- Śląsk Wrocław – Fighters[48]
- Legia Warszawa – Teddy Boys 95[48]
- Pogoń Szczecin – Terror Corps[48]
Scotland
- Aberdeen F.C. – Aberdeen Soccer Casuals[51]
- Airdrie United F.C. – Section B[52]
- Celtic F.C. – Celtic Soccer Crew[53]
- Dundee F.C. & Dundee United F.C. – The Utility[51]
- Heart of Midlothian F.C. – Casual Soccer Firm[54]
- Hibernian F.C. – Capital City Service [54]
- Motherwell F.C. – Saturday Service[51]
- Rangers F.C. – Inter City Firm [53]
Sweden
- BS BolticGöta/Degerfors IF/Färjestads BK – Värmlandsalliansen[58]
- Djurgårdens IF – Djurgårdens Fina Grabbar,[57] Djurgårdens Mindre Grabbar,[57] Djurgårdens Yngsta[57]
- GAIS – Gärningsmännen,[57] Gais Yngre[57]
- IFK Göteborg – Wisemen,[57] Gothenburg Youth Division[57] Youth Crew Gothenburg[57]
- Hammarby IF – Kompisgänget Bajen,[57] Bajen Baby Squad[59] Bajens Yngsta[59]
- Helsingborgs IF – Frontline,[59] Helsingborgs Yngre (HBGY)[59]
- Kalmar FF – Kalmarfamiljen[60]
- Linköpings HC – Cluben Casuals[61]
- Malmö FF – Sky Blue Crew[59]
- Västerås SK – VSK Casuals[62]
Wales
- Cardiff City – Soul Crew[63]
- Swansea City – Swansea Jacks[64]
See also
- Casuals
- Football hooliganism
- Hooliganism
- Lists of nicknames in football (soccer)
- Skinhead
- Ultras
- Yobbo
References
- ^ a b
Pearson, Geoff (December, 2007). "FIG Factsheet Four - hooliganism". What is football hooliganism?. University of Liverpool Football Industry Group. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "The work of the Football Industry Group". University of Liverpool Football Industry Group. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^
Lowles, Nick (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 25. ISBN 1903854415.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^
Brown, Danny (2006). Villains: The Inside Story of Aston Villa's Hooligan Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-1903854594.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^
Gall, Carolin (2005). Zulus: A Football Hooligan Gang. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-48-2.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Stocks, Rob (2006-11-23). "Hooligans not welcome here". Blackpool Gazette. Retrieved 2006-11-23.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
"Police prove they're on the ball at Moss Rose". Macclesfield Express. 2001-08-29. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Lowles, Nick (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 94. ISBN 1903854415.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^
Porter, Andrew (2005). Suicide Squad: The story of a hooligan firm. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-1903854464.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
McNee (1999). England's number One. P.I.G. ISBN 10096661030X.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: length (help); Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|First=ignored (|first=suggested) (help) - ^
Ward, Colin (2000). Armed for the Match: The Troubles and Trials of the Chelsea Headhunters. London: Headline Books. ISBN 0-7472-6292-6.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^
Lowles, Nick (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 174. ISBN 1903854415.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^
"Match ban after football violence". BBC News. 2004-11-29. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Nicholls, Andy (2004). Scally: Confessions of a Category C Football Hooligan. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1903854253.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Bremner statue targeted by vandals". Huddersfield Daily. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^
Tordoff, Shaun (2002). City Psychos: From the Monte Carlo Mob to the Silver Cod Squad, Four Decades of Terrace Terror. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-13-X.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Brown, Jonathan (2005-07-16). "London Bombings: Muslim fears of revenge attacks grow". The Independent. Retrieved 2006-10-13.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ "Hooligans troublespots - Leicester City". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
- ^
Lowles, Nick (2005). Hooligans: The A-L of Britain's Football Hooligan Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 305. ISBN 1903854415.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^
Robinson, Tommy (2006). MIG Down. Pennant Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0955039409.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Francis, Michael (1997-12-03). Guvnors: Story of a Soccer Hooligan Gang by the Man Who Led It. Milo Books. ISBN 095308471X.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^
O'Neill, Tony (2004). Red Army General: The Inside Story of the World's Most Infamous Football Firm. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-32-6.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Debrick, Paul (2005). The Brick: A Hooligan's Story. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-47-4.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
"Injured officer describes 'battlefield'". BBC News. 2002-05-03. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b
"Fight like 'scene from Braveheart'". BBC News. 2002-03-12. Retrieved 2008-01-16.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Clarke, Gary (2005). Inside the Forest Executive Crew. Headhunter. ISBN 978-0954854232.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Nicholls, Andy (2006). Hooligans Volume 2: The M-Z of Britain's Football Hooligan gangs. London: Milo Books. ISBN 1903854644.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ "Hooligans troublespots - Oldham Athletic". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
- ^
"Five jailed over attack on fans". BBC News. 2005-09-18. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Pennant, Cass (2004). Rolling with the 6.57 Crew. Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1844540723.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^
"Football violence website collapses". Lancashire Evening Post. 2003-05-26. Retrieved 2007-01-18.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Nicholls, Andy (2006). HOOLIGANS VOL.2: M-Z of Britain's Football Hooligan Gangs. London: Milo Books. ISBN 1903854644.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^
"Hooligans troublespots - Sheffield United". BBC News. 2002. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Cowens, Steve (2001). Blades Business Crew: The Inside Story of a Football Hooligan Gang. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-0953084784.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^
Allen, Paul (2005). Flying with the Owls Crime Squad. London: John Blake. ISBN 1-84454-093-6.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^
McMullan, Laura (2003-10-01). "Reformed Naughty Forty hooligan tells his tale". BBC. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
"Not so beautiful". Swindon Advertiser. 2006-06-21. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
"Hooligans". BBC. 2002. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Kelly, John (2002-05-19). "Woz on the telly: Bunch of cowards". The Sunday Mirror. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Pennant, Cass (2003). Congratulations You Have Just Met the ICF. Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1904034858.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Hooligans troublespots - Wolverhampton Wanderers". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
- ^ Thiolay, Boris (2003-05-08). "Moi Fred hooligan du PSG". l'Express. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Pugmire, Jerome (2006-04-20). "Racist insults infiltrate French soccer stadium". The Boston - Bay State Banner. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "200 Rockets, riots and rivalry". The Guardian. 2006-11-26. Retrieved 2007-05-20.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Olsen, Bjørn Thomas (2006-04-30). "Gjengoppgjør midt i sentrum" (in Template:No icon). Bergensavisen. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^
Olsen, Thomas. "Vi ble tatt på senga" (in Template:No icon). Nettavissen. Retrieved 2007-08-27.
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Johnsen, Nilas (2006-12-05). "Fotballpøblene truer klubben" (in Template:No icon). Dagsavisen. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i
"Chuligani i szalikowcy. Trochę prawdy o kibicach" (in Polish). Gazeta Razem. 2006-05-08. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b Smoleński, Paweł (2006-04-15). "Na stadionie jest przecież spokojnie" (in Polish). Gazeta Wyborcza. Retrieved 2006-11-26.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Wozińska, Ewa. "Niech zwycięża Lech!" (in Polish). Gazeta Poznańska.
- ^ a b c Didcock, Barry (2005-05-08). "Casuals: The Lost Tribe of Britain". Sunday Herald. Retrieved 2006-10-13.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Dowdalls, Alex (2006-11-17). "Airdrie fan banned from every UK football ground". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b O'Kane, John (2006-09-10). "No beef with United in my 21 years in Celtic hooligan firm". Scotsman. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b McEwen, Alan (2006-10-24). "Police hunt city derby casuals". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
Mikael Priks (2007-06-01). "Are thugs affected by external nuisance? Evidence from the Swedish hooligan scene" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-08-21.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^
Walmsley, Andrew (2007-08-08). "Social nuances hold sway in search (30 seconds on hooliganism)". TMCnet News. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Karlsson, Emil (2006-11-13). ""Kicken är obeskrivlig"". Expressen. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b c d e Orrenius, Johan (2006-09-03). "Enorma slagsmål och droger". Expressen. Retrieved 2006-09-03.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Våldet närmar sig Kalmar FF". Sveriges Radio. 2005-10-22. Retrieved 2006-09-03.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Ny "firma" bakom våld vid LHC-matcher". Östgöta Correspondenten. 2006-01-10. Retrieved 2006-09-03.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Vissa VSK-supportrar bara ute för att slåss". Sveriges Television. 2005-07-14. Retrieved 2006-09-03.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Cardiff and the hooligan element". BBC News. 2003-05-17. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^
King, Martin (2007-11-08). The Swansea Jacks: From Skinheads to Stone Island - Forty Years of One of Britain's Most Notorious Hooligan Gangs. Manchester: Headhunter Books. ISBN 1906085056.
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External links
- Hooli-News Latest hooligan-related news and information from around the world.
- Three-part BBC2 investigation on football firms from 2002
- Running with the 'Naughty Forty', part of the BBC2 2002 investigation