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North Vietnam

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Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa
1945–1976
Coat of arms of North Vietnam
Coat of arms
Anthem: Tiến Quân Ca
(Army March)
Location of North Vietnam
Location of North Vietnam
CapitalHanoi
Common languagesVietnamese
GovernmentSocialist republic
First president 
Historical eraCold War
September 2 1945
• Recognized
1954
• Disestablished
July 2 1976
Area
157,880 km2 (60,960 sq mi)
Currencyđồng
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
French Indochina
Empire of Vietnam
Vietnam
¹As in Constitution of DRVN 1959
Part of a series on the
History of Vietnam
Prehistoric
Paleolithic
Sơn Vi culture 20,000 BC–12,000 BC
Mesolithic
Hoabinhian 12,000 BC–10,000 BC
Neolithic
Bắc Sơn culture 10,000 BC–8,000 BC
Quỳnh Văn culture 8,000 BC–6,000 BC
Đa Bút culture 4,000 BC–3,000 BC
Bronze and Iron Ages
Phùng Nguyên culture 2,000 BC–1,500 BC
Đồng Đậu culture 1,500 BC–1,000 BC
Gò Mun culture 1,000–800 BC
Dong Son culture (1,000 BC–100 AD)
Sa Huỳnh culture (1,000 BC–200 AD)
Óc Eo culture (1–630 AD)
Ancient
Hồng Bàng dynasty 2879 BC–258 BC
Thục dynasty 257 BC–179 BC
Triệu dynasty 204 BC–111 BC
Dominated
1st Chinese domination 111 BC–40 AD
Trung sisters' rebellion 40–43
2nd Chinese domination 43–544
Early Lý dynasty544–602
3rd Chinese domination602–938
Dynastic
Ngô dynasty 939–965
Anarchy of the 12 Warlords 965–968
Đinh dynasty 968–980
Early Lê dynasty 980–1009
Later Lý dynasty 1009–1225
Trần dynasty 1225–1400
Hồ dynasty 1400–1407
4th Chinese domination 1407–1428
Later Lê dynasty 1428–1527
Mạc dynasty 1527–1592
Later Lê Restoration 1533–1789
Tây Sơn dynasty 1778–1802
Nguyễn dynasty 1802–1945
Colonial
French Cochinchina 1862–1945 / 1945–1949
French Annam 1883–1945 / 1945–1949
French Tonkin 1883–1945 / 1946–1949
French Indochina 1887–1946/1954
Empire of Vietnam 1945
Republic
North Vietnam
 1945–1976
Republic of South Vietnam 1975–1976
South Vietnam
 1955–1975
State of Vietnam 1949–1955
Socialist Republic of Vietnam 1976-now
Non-Vietnamese history
Funan 68–627
Champa 192–1832
Cát Tiên archaeological site 300–800
Chenla 550–781
Nanzhao 738–902
Khmer Empire 802–1431
Dali Kingdom 937–1253
Nung-Zhuang kingdom 1042–1052
Ngưu Hống 1061–1432
Jarai kingdoms 1100–1904
Sip Song Chau Tai 1600–1954
Principality of Hà Tiên1707–1832
By topic
flag Vietnam portal

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Hồ Chí Minh in Hà Nội on September 2, 1945 with a declaration of independence, following the August Revolution, as a provisional government. It gathered Tonkin and Annam, provinces of the French Indochina.

Partition of Indochina

Further information: First Indochina War, Operation Passage to Freedom, and Geneva Conference (1954)

Following the partition of Vietnam in 1954, thousands of Vietnamese migrated to either the North and to the South. For example, an estimated 800,000 Catholics moved south. [1] The Catholic migration is attributed to perceived persecution of Catholics by the North Vietnamese government, as well as scare campaigns employed by the Saigon government of the Catholic Ngo Dinh Diem. [2] Concurrently, an estimated 130,000 people from South Việtnam who supported the Viet Minh headed for the North with the aid of Polish and Soviet ships.[3]

Between 1953 and 1956, the DRVN government instituted various agrarian reforms, including land redistribution. Large landowners were publicly denounced as landlords (địa chủ), and their land distributed to poor and middle peasants.

A literary movement called Nhân văn-Giai phẩm (from the names of the two magazines which started the movement) attempted to encourage the democratization of the country and the free expression of thought.

International relations

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) capital was Hà Nội and its government was led by the left-nationalist Vietnam Workers' Party, which had been formed in opposition to foreign (French and Japanese) involvement in the territory of Vietnam.

In December 1960, the Vietnam Workers' Party co-initiated and began working within the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (referred to by the South as the Việt Cộng) which was organized to support reunification and oppose the government of South Vietnam. After August 1964, this was expanded to armed opposition to the military presence and operations of the United States in the southern areas of Vietnam.[4] From at least 1965 onwards, both China and the Soviet Union provided aid to North Vietnam in support of its military activities; known in the West as the Vietnam War and in Vietnam as the American War.

In June 1969, in the South, the NLF formed a Provisional Revolutionary Government in order to present an organized alternative government to the international community.[5]

In addition to the NLF, other nationalist insurgencies also operated within neighboring Laos and Cambodia, both formerly part of the French colonial territory of Indochina.

The Fall of Saigon

Indochina 1886.

With the fall of Saigon to National Liberation Front and regular North Vietnamese armed forces on April 30, 1975, political authority within South Vietnam was assumed by the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam. This government merged with Democratic Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976, to form a single nation officially called the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Cộng Hoà Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam), or more commonly known as Việt Nam.

References

  1. ^ United Nations High Commission on Refugees. 2000. The State of the World's Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford University Press. from.
  2. ^ Truong Nhu Tang. 1986. A Viet Cong Memoir. Vintage.
  3. ^ United Nations High Commission on Refugees. 2000. The State of the World's Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford University Press. from.
  4. ^ Truong Nhu Tang. 1986. A Viet Cong Memoir. Vintage.
  5. ^ Truong Nhu Tang. 1986. A Viet Cong Memoir. Vintage.

See also

Steven Spielberg Template:Succession

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