Jump to content

Honorific nicknames in popular music

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 75.3.155.8 (talk) at 15:29, 15 July 2008 (→‎Aretha Franklin). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This article lists the several honorific titles used when referring to artists in popular music. When certain artists display individualism and longevity, the media, the marketing departments of the record companies, fans and critics confer on them an honorific title as a "reward" for their contributions to music.[citation needed] This is a collection of well-known music artists whose mark on history made them a King, Queen, Godfather, Princess, or Boss, and so on. In some cases, there is more than one title holder.

Male artists

King of Pop

Michael Jackson

At the 1989 Soul Train Awards, before Elizabeth Taylor brought Michael Jackson out to receive a lifetime achievement award, she said, “In my opinion he is the true king of pop, rock, and soul.”[citation needed] Since then it’s been a title that has stayed with him throughout his career.[1] Michael Jackson is the most successful entertainer in music history.[2] He has won countless awards including several Grammys,[3] and Thriller is the biggest selling album in music history.[4] Michael Jackson's impact on music video is as indisputable as his impact on the art of popular music.[5] Jackson's influence today is evident on artists like Usher, Chris Brown, Neyo, Justin Timberlake, Britney Spears, and Beyonce.

Quick facts

King of Rock and Roll

The King of Rock and Roll is a title many artists have claimed over the years.

Elvis Presley's record company, RCA, first dubbed him with this title after the weekly trade magazine Variety flashed it across its front page, in November, 1956. He is the artist most widely known as the King of Rock and Roll.

Several of Presley's contemporaries have called themselves by this title, including Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Bo Diddley.[citation needed]

Elvis Presley

Elvis Presley was a legendary performer[11] who became the first international superstar during the mid and late 1950’s by putting Rock 'n' Roll on the map for the masses.[12]Elvis went on to become the biggest selling artist in the United States, while still being the most certified artist in U.S. history, according to RIAA.[13]

While scores of musicians were, even from the start, able to challenge Presley's popularity and the effect he had on teenagers and society in general, no individual has had a more sustainable impact on popular music, in spite of his two-year stint in the Army, his subsequent 9 year absence from the stage - which coincided with the arrival and global success of the Beatles (all lifelong Elvis fans), nor his death, in 1977.

Quick facts

  • His biggest selling album is Elvis' Christmas Album which has sold over nine million copies.[14]
  • He has 17 number one singles. The most by any solo male artist.[15]
  • He has a record 51 Gold singles, 27 of which have been certified Platinum with seven being certified multi-Platinum.[15]
  • The record of 97 Gold Records, 55 of which have been certified Platinum, and 25 have gone on to multi-Platinum status.[15]
  • Tied with Jay Z for most Number one Albums (10).[16]

Chuck Berry

Chuck Berry's claim to the title King of Rock and Roll rests on his catalog of well-known rock songs, such as Johnny B Goode, School Days (Hail, Hail Rock and Roll), Sweet Little Sixteen and My Ding-a-ling. It can be said that it was Chuck Berry who, with these songs, created one type of rock and roll music, while Presley's style, derived from sources too numerous to cite here, was developing another, equally potent and far more eclectic and multi-dimensional, as far as a much larger segment of the population is concerned.

The fact that Berry wrote all his own music, while Presley did not, is also considered by some as evidence that Berry is more deserving of the title, while others feel that the title, which came into being in 1956 when singers did not need to be songwriters to make a huge imprint in society, was more a result of the impact that Presley had on popular culture in that particular year. Because of this, Chuck Berry is sometimes referred to as The Father of Rock and Roll.

Other artists

Long John Baldry has also referred to himself as the King of Rock and Roll in his popular song "Don't Try to Lay No Boogie Woogie on the King of Rock and Roll."

Godfather of Soul

James Brown

James Brown has been called the "Godfather of Soul and Mr. Dynamite".[17] He was one of the most influential artists in history. An innovator of R&B music, he was able to dominate and revolutionize black music so much that many of the African American associated genres of today like soul, funk, and hip hop, stem from “the hardest working man in show business.” Brown's music transcended generations and musical genres, beginning in the mid-1950s and continuing to the present.[18] He gave black people hope and pride with the song "Say it loud, I’m Black and I’m Proud". James Brown mesmerized all with his style and dancing.[19]

Quick facts

Kings of Reggae

Bob Marley

The King of Reggae,[20] Bob Marley, is not only a reggae legend, but also music legend. Marley almost single-handedly brought reggae to the world. His album Legend is the best-selling reggae album ever.[21] Marley is an international star with a strong following in the Third World. He is one of the few deceased people with strong commercial success after death.[22] He saw music as a way to spread his music making some people to regard him as a prophet.[23]

Quick facts:

  • Time Magazine named Exodus the album of the century[23]
  • BBC named "One Love" song of the century[23]
  • Legend has sold 12 million copies[21]
  • Name on Hollywood walk of fame[23]
  • He is in the Rock and Roll of Fame[24]

Jimmy Cliff

Jimmy Cliff has also been cited by The Guardian newspaper as "King of Reggae".[25]

King of the Blues

B. B. King

B.B. King is one of the greatest, most influential blues guitar stylists, composers and singers of the 20th century. He remained faithful to blues while inspiring artists like Eric Clapton, the late Mike Bloomfield, Stevie Ray Vaughn, Albert Collins, Albert King and Jimi Hendrix.[26] The thrill is gone is kings most remembered and biggest hit and the biggest blues hit ever at the time.[27] King is so honored for his contributions The state of Mississippi celebrates "B. B. King Day". A decree of the State House and Senate reads: “No matter where he appears in the world, B. B. King is a proud ambassador of his home state, and Mississippi is even prouder of this native son.”[28]

Quick facts

  • He was inducted into the Rock And Roll Hall of Fame[26]
  • He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame[26]
  • He was inducted into the Blues Hall Of Fame[26]
  • The government designates B. B. King its “Ambassador of Music.”[28]
  • "The Thrill Is Gone" won a Grammy for Best R&B Vocal performance . He also has 7 Grammys.[28]

Mr Excitement

Jackie Wilson

King of Funk

Rick James

Rick James has been a star since 1981. A music idol of the 1980s who helped define the "punk funk" style of that decade.[30]Rick James broke many cultural taboos . He was one of the first artist to use drugs and eroticism as his extravagant lifestyle. Rick James went further than anyone had gone before in funk.[31] Street Songs went triple-platinum and catapulted James into the forefront of the funk movement.[32]

Quick facts

  • Cold-blooded was a number one hit on the R&B charts.[33]
  • His only Grammy was for "U can’t touch this" having writing rights to it. [33]
  • "Super Freak!," "Give it To Me Baby," and "Fire and Desire" where all hit songs from Street songs[34]
  • "Mary Jane," a barely-disguised hymn to marijuana hit US R&B #3 [31]
  • James was related to a member of the original “Temptations” [31]

Kings of the South

Ludacris

Ludacris[35] first started of DJing at an Atlanta radio station until he became the Dirty South's most popular rapper. With a provocative song, "What's Your Fantasy?" he and the song became an enormous success.[36] "Saturday(Oooh, Oooh)" and "Move Bitch" from his next album Word of Mouf, performed similarly during 2002, and all three songs' videos enjoyed MTV, BET, and MTV2 support. Afterwards being in the game for over seven years, he had several hit urban albums like Chicken n Beer and Red light district. [37]

Quick facts

  • Was a rapper for 97.5 in Atlanta, Georgia .[37]
  • He was featured on Timberlands album Tim’s Bio [36]
  • Has his own label Disturbing the Peace[37]
  • His first Grammy came for the song "Yeah" with Usher [37]
  • He was on Missy Elliot's Hit "One Minute Man"[36]

T.I.

T.I.[38] established himself as one of rap's greatest and most successful MCs during the 2000s. He made tough and smooth songs that appealed to a wide audience.[39] "Bring Em Out," "Rubberband Man" and the rap chart-topping "What You Know" has had great success for T.I. in the past and T.I. vs. T.I.P. has had two urban hit singles, "Big Things Poppin' (Do It)" and "You Know What It Is." [40] T.I. is being recognized as the "Jay-Z of the South." according to Pharrell Williams of multi-platinum production team The Neptunes. [41]

Quick facts

  • His album King debuted number one with sales of 520,000[41]
  • His album T.I. vs. T.I.P. debuted number one with sales of 468,000 ." [40]
  • Trap Muzik sold over 900, 000[41]
  • He has won two Grammys[42]
  • Urban Legend gave him crossover success [39]

Kings of R&B

R Kelly

R Kelly[43] has had a 15 year career.[44] He was able to take sexual explicit songs and make them into hits like "Bump and Grind", "Feeling on Your Booty", and "Sex me." [45] He was one of the biggest-selling male artists of the '90s. First calling himself the King of R&B in his song with T-pain "I’m a Flirt", he has had many hits to back him up. [46] He has written many hits for several artists.[47] Since 2002, R. Kelly released a new album every year until 2007. [44]

Quick facts

  • "Sex Me, Pts. I & II" went gold [47]
  • "Bump 'n' Grind" hit number one on the pop charts [47]
  • "Ignition" shot to number one on the R&B charts[47]
  • R Kelly won 3 Grammys for “I Believe I Can Fly” [47]
  • He wrote Michael Jackson’s number one hit "You Are Not Alone" [47]

Usher

Usher[48] first broke on the commercial scene with the album My Way.[49] He had 3 hit singles off the album. He followed that with the long awaited 8701 which had 3 hit songs also, and the number one hit "U got it Bad". [50] First week sales of Confessions broke R&B album records, staying 9 weeks at number one. Usher has had an unprecedented level of success for an R&B artist. [48]

Quick facts

  • Confessions sold 1.1 million copies in its first week; more than any other R&B artist [48]
  • He has had eight number one hits [49]
  • "You Make Me Wanna" was Usher's first hit [50]
  • He sold 30 million copies worldwide [49]
  • Confessions sold over 15 million copies worldwide [50]

Godfather of Heavy Metal

Ozzy Osbourne

Innovator of Heavy Metal[51], Ozzy Osbourne[51]he revolutionized music by being a driving force with the revolutionary heavy metal band Black Sabbath.[52] Osbourne created Ozzfest, a tour package that featured himself along with many other metal bands.[53] Ozzy Osbourne had his biggest American hit in the spring of 1992. A power ballad called "Mama, I'm Coming Home." Most of his albums have either gone platinum or double platinum.[54]

Quick facts

Kings of Country

Garth Brooks

Garth Brooks[55] is a phenomenon of country music. He changed the concept of a country star by putting rock antics into his stage shows.[56] He sold more records then any other artist in US history in such a short amount of time. [57] He retired in the early 2000’s. [56]

Quick facts

  • Best Selling Artist in US History [58]
  • Biggest Selling Country Artist in History [56]
  • Biggest Selling Double Album [56]
  • Most Diamond Awards [58]
  • The fastest selling solo artist in music history, Garth Brooks has sold in excess of 100 million albums in just 10 years[57]

Roy Acuff

Roy Acuff[59] formed the bridge between country’s rural string band era and the modern era of star singers backed by fully amplified bands.[59] A huge success in the 1940s Acuff's popularity rivaled that of the legendary Frank Sinatra. Acuff topped the charts with his biggest its like "Wreck on the Highway," "Night Train to Memphis" and "The Precious Jewel.” [60] He eventually with songwriting partner Fred Rose formed Acuff-Rose Music Publishing.[61] Although Roy came from a rural, folk-based background, he helped bring country music to the city and to the world of big business.[60]

Quick facts

  • Some of his pop crossovers ("The Prodigal Son," "I'll Forgive You, But I Can't Forget".[61]
  • First person inducted into the Country Hall of Fame [59]
  • One of country music's biggest stars. [59]
  • Purchased by Sony in 2002 for at least $150 million .[61]
  • Acuff had printed his own songbook. [61]

George Strait

George Strait’s[62] name has become synonymous with “real country.” Always true to his roots, he draws from both the western swing and the honky-tonk traditions. His albums have been certified gold, platinum, or multi-platinum, and he throughout the years he has remained a huge concert draw.[63] The Academy of Country Music has awarded George Strait a Special Achievement Award.[64] He remains an influential singer of country music history who sparked a wave of neo-traditionalist singers from Randy Travis and Dwight Yoakam to Clint Black, Garth Brooks, and Alan Jackson.[65]

Quick facts

  • He has a total of 26 Platinum albums [63]
  • He has over 50 #1 hits on the country charts; more than any other country singer [63]
  • He has sold more than 57 million albums worldwide [64]
  • CMT has named him #9 on the 40 Greatest Men of Country Music [64]
  • He emerged in the 1980s [65]

The Boss

Bruce Springsteen

Bruce Springsteen[66] was called the savior of Rock and Roll by Critics and was called a new Bob Dylan of his time. With his performances and style he was put at a level with Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, the Beatles and Bob Dylan.[52] He was said to be the single artist who brought together all the exuberance of '50s rock and the thoughtfulness of '60s rock, molded into a '70s style. With a rocking taste of Jerry Lee Lewis. [67] He hit a huge peak in 1984 with the multi-platinum Born in the USA album while Born to Run was very critically acclaimed [68]

Quick facts

  • Has won 18 Grammys. [68]
  • Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductee [52]
  • He had a number one album with Born in the USA [68]
  • Born in the USA was his highest selling album [68]
  • He broke through in 1976 [67]

Chairman of the Board

Frank Sinatra

In 1961 Sinatra[69] founded Reprise Records. It was as the head of Reprise that Sinatra earned the nickname "Chairman of the Board."[70]

Female artists

Queen of Soul

Aretha Franklin

Aretha Franklin is one of the giants of soul music, and indeed of American pop as a whole.[71] Her songs were smashes and according to The Rolling Stone Album Guide, I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You “may stand as the greatest single soul album of all time.” [72] Being a black symbol in the sixties she sang empowering songs to inspire black people. [71] Throughout her career she won countless awards.[73]

Quick facts

  • "Respect" remains her most successful song [72]
  • First woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Fame[72]
  • Has won Living Legend Grammy and the Lifetime Achievement Grammy[73]
  • In the late '60s, Franklin became one of the biggest international recording stars [71]
  • She has won 18 Grammy awards [73]

Queens of Pop

Madonna

In the mid-80s, Madonna burst onto the worldwide music scene and remains one of the biggest music personalities in the world. [74] Madonna is able to portray her sexuality and femininity while still maintaining an empowering image of control. Madonna is one of the most recognizable names in the world. Since her debut she has been a controversial figure.[75] By the 1990s, her commercially successful albums, constantly reinvented image, and groundbreaking music videos kept her a staple into the 90's.[76]

Quick facts

  • Has the most top tens in history with 37 [77]
  • Her biggest selling album is The Immaculate Collection [74]
  • Her first Grammy was for the album Ray of Light [74]
  • She is the highest paid female entertainer [76]
  • Like a Prayer was her most controversial video [78]

Mariah Carey

Mariah Carey is the most dominate female artist in the 90’s. Her powerful voice helped signify here as a pop icon.[79]She has had many hits throughout the years and outshine any other woman artist since then. She has the ability to create touching ballads to uptempo dance hits.[80] She is claimed to be the biggest selling female artist in history[81]and she has now the most top charters on billboard.[82]

Quick facts

  • Has more Number One singles than any other solo artist[82]
  • She earned the Artist of the Millennium award at the World Music Awards [81]
  • "One Sweet Day" is her fastest selling single[83]
  • "We Belong Together" is her most successful song.[79]
  • Mariah is the only female singer that can hit a five octave range with her voice.[83]

Queen of Rock and Roll

Tina Turner

The Ike and Tina Turner Revue was one of the highest energy ensembles on the soul circuit in the late ‘60s and early ‘70s, [84] but in the mid-80s, as a solo artist, Tina Turner became one of the most successful female artists of the decade. [85]She has won many gold, platinum and multi-platinum album certifications all around the world. She has also won many lifetime awards, [86] while being inducteed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[84]

Quick facts

  • Her biggest hit is "What’s Love Got to Do with it"[85]
  • She made comeback with the song "Golden-eye"[85]
  • She has won 8 Grammys[86]
  • Private Dancer is her biggest selling album Lp 5 million copies soldv
  • "Typical Male" hit number one for a week [85]

Queens of the Blues

Billie Holiday

Billie Holiday started singing at clubs all over New York City as early as 1930-31.[87] Since then she started recording songs with the great jazzmen from that time.[88]From that point on she became the pre-eminent jazz singer of her day and among the most revered vocalists of the century.[89] She became the first popular jazz singer to move audiences with the intense, personal feeling of classic blues. [89]

Quick facts

  • Billie Holiday’s biopic Lady Sings the Blues, received an Oscar nomination for Diana Ross[90]
  • In 1994, the United States Postal Service honored Holiday by introducing a USPS-sponsored stamp.[90]
  • During 1936, Holiday toured with groups led by Jimmie Lunceford[87]
  • A statue of Holiday stands at the corner of Lafayette and Pennsylvania Avenues in Baltimore.[90]
  • Her signature songs were "Strange Fruit", a harrowing song about black lynchings in the South, and "God Bless the Child". [89]

Dinah Washington

Dinah Washington was a beloved blues figure to her fans, devotees, and fellow singers while also being a controversial singer to the critics, who believed she sold out for commerce in the mid-20th century.[91]In 1959, Washington made a sudden breakthrough into the mainstream pop market with "What a Diff'rence a Day Makes,"[91]Dinah Washington skirted the boundaries of blues, jazz and popular music, becoming the most popular black female recording artist of the ‘50s.[92]

Quick facts

Queen of Jazz

Ella Fitzgerald

Also known as the "First Lady of Song", Ella Fitzgerald was arguably the finest female jazz singer of all time. Blessed with a beautiful voice and a wide range,[95]she sold millions of records with her skillful scat singing and jazz-tinged versions of pop standards.[96]For half a century, Ella Fitzgerald has been the most technically accomplished jazz singer. Fitzgerald was a brilliant scat singer, and had near-perfect elocution; one could always understand the words she sang. [97] Her voice is instantly recognizable. Her incredible technical abilities were self-evident, but when she sang, she radiated a joy consistent with her own character both on and off the bandstand.[97]

Quick facts

Queen of Gospel

Mahalia Jackson

Mahalia Jackson reigned as a pioneer interpreter of gospel music whose was one of the great voices of this century. Little Richard has cited Jackson as an inspiration, calling her “the true queen of spiritual singers.”[100]She is known as gospel's first superstar, and a half a century after her death, she remains for many listeners a defining symbol of the music's transcendent power.[101]She will also be remembered for singing a song prior to Martin Luther Kings "I Have a Dream" speech.” [100]

Quick facts

  • Mahalia Jackson landed her first recording contract after she was heard singing at a funeral.[100]
  • A crowd of 200,000 hears Mahalia Jackson’s moving rendition of the inspirational "I Been ‘Buked and I Been Scorned", which precedes Martin Luther King’s "I Have a Dream" speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC.[100]
  • She has the best-selling gospel record of all time[101]
  • She’s won several Grammys[101]
  • The Christmas with Mahalia album charted number 2 on the pop charts[101]

Queen of Hip Hop Soul

Mary J. Blige

In 1992 Mary J. Blige broke into the world with the hit album What’s the 411. People and critics alike hailed the album, a modern R&B album with an edgy rap sound, as a hit.[102] Similar to Aretha Franklin and Chaka Khan,[102]she brought soul music to a new generation.[102] She has had several top ten, top five hits, and two number one singles and platinum certified songs.[103]

Quick facts

  • What’s The 411 was her debut album[103]
  • Her biggest hit is "Be Without You"[103]
  • “Family Affair” was number one for 4 weeks[103]
  • She’s won three Grammy awards[104]
  • She’s won 4 soul train awards[104]

Queens of Hip Hop

Lauryn Hill

Starting off with the platinum group The Fugees, Lauryn Hill transformed herself to a prophetic vocalist/ poet/ musician/ actress/ activist/mother who redefined herself and Hip Hop. [105] Her words and actions are said to reflect her ability to constantly redefine her conception of self inspiration, and escaping the oppression of social norms and elevate her level of consciousness in the pursuit of freedom.[105] Also called the “Mother of Hip Hop Invention, she broke new ground by successfully integrating rap, soul, reggae and R&B into her own sound.[106] Roger Ebert called her "the girl with the big joyful voice".[107]Shes currently working on a new album.[108]

Quick facts

  • In 1998 she was nominated for 10 Grammys.[105]
  • She shares the record for most Grammys in one night 5 for a female. She has a total of 8 Grammys.[105]
  • The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill was her biggest album of her career. [105]
  • She won 4 MTV Video Awards. [105]
  • The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill sold 20 million copies worldwide.[105]

Missy Elliot

Missy Elliot started as a genuine hitmaker alongside her longtime producer Timbaland but as a rapper, no female rap artist paralleled the success of Missy Elliott. [109] Differentiating herself from other female rappers, Missy Elliot writes, produces, and arranges her own material and she performs them as well.[109] Missy has also written hit songs for other artists including Aaliyah, Jodeci, Ginuwine, 702, and SWV. [110]

Quick facts

  • Her hit collaboration with Ciara, "1, 2 step" was number one for 2 weeks[110]
  • She won several BET Awards for Best Female Hip-Hip Artist. [110]
  • The single "Lose Control" was certified 3x platinum.[110]
  • She’s won 4 Grammy awards [110]
  • Her biggest album is Under Construction. It went 2x platinum[110]

Queen of Latin Pop

Gloria Estefan

Gloria Estefan become the first worldwide crossover Latin music star in the 80s.[111] Gloria has had several hits including , "Anything for You", "Congo", "Turn the Beat Around" and "Cuts Both Ways", a number one single on the Hot 100 credited to Gloria as her first true solo hit [112] She has won several Grammys and American Music Awards to ensure her legacy.[113]

Quick facts

  • Her biggest single was "Turn The Beat Around" [111]
  • Biggest album is Greatest Hits[111]
  • She's won 5 Grammys [111]
  • Worldwide she has sold 70 million albums and singles combined [112]

Queen of Disco

Donna Summer

Donna Summer had a consistent amount of chart success throughout the 70’s that was only rivaled by the Bee Gees.[114] She has more than a dozen hits in the United States and several Grammys and American Music Awards. [115] Donna had hits throughout her career with "Last Dance," "I Love You," and "Rumour Has It" and the number one single "On the Radio". [115] Donna Summer was one of the few artists to still produce hits in the 80s even after the disco "craze" was over. [114]

Quick facts

  • She has sold around 100 million copies [114]
  • Summer has received 5 Grammy Awards [114]
  • "Last Dance" won a songwriting Oscar[114]
  • She has 24 gold and platinum certifications [114]
  • Bad Girls is her best selling album [115]

Princesses of Pop

Britney Spears

No other singles artist drove the teen pop sensation of the late 90’s to a worldwide phenomenon more than Britney Spears.[116] With her leading the pack, other female teen sensations were born like Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson, and Mandy Moore.[116] She has had 4 number one albums and many awards[117] and with the album One More Time she had the highest female debuting album. [116]

Quick facts

  • She won Billboard Awards for Female Artist of the Year, New Artist of the Year [117]
  • She won Nickelodeon Kids'Choice Awards for Favorite Female Singer[117]
  • She won a American Music Awards for Best New Artist (2000) [117]
  • "Toxic" obtained a Grammy for Best Dance Recording [116]
  • "Oops!...I Did It Again" had sold over nine million copies[116]

Kylie Minogue

Kylie Minogue has also been cited by the BBC as "Princess of Pop" [118]

See also

References

  1. ^ "INDEPTH: MICHAEL JACKSON The King of Pop". CBC News. 2005-06-13. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  2. ^ "Michael Jackson Named Most Successful Entertainer Of All Time". CityNews. 2006-11-15. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  3. ^ [1]
  4. ^ a b "Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' turns 25". newsday.com. 2008-02-12. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  5. ^ [2]
  6. ^ [3]
  7. ^ [4]
  8. ^ [5]
  9. ^ [6]
  10. ^ http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/michael-jackson
  11. ^ [7]
  12. ^ [8]
  13. ^ [9]
  14. ^ [10]
  15. ^ a b c [11]
  16. ^ [12]
  17. ^ [13]
  18. ^ a b c d e f "James Brown". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame + Museum. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  19. ^ [14]
  20. ^ [15]
  21. ^ a b [16]
  22. ^ [17]
  23. ^ a b c d [18]
  24. ^ [19]
  25. ^ [20]
  26. ^ a b c d "bb king . american blues musician . b 1925". Jazz and Blues Masters. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  27. ^ [21]
  28. ^ a b c "B.B. King". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame + Museum. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  29. ^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone Issue 946. Rolling Stone.
  30. ^ [22]
  31. ^ a b c [23]
  32. ^ [24]
  33. ^ a b [25]
  34. ^ [26]
  35. ^ [27]
  36. ^ a b c [28]
  37. ^ a b c d [29]
  38. ^ [30]
  39. ^ a b [31]
  40. ^ a b [32]
  41. ^ a b c [33]
  42. ^ [34]
  43. ^ [35]
  44. ^ a b [36]
  45. ^ [37]
  46. ^ [38]
  47. ^ a b c d e f [39]
  48. ^ a b c [40]
  49. ^ a b c [41]
  50. ^ a b c [42]
  51. ^ a b [43]
  52. ^ a b c d [44] Cite error: The named reference "rhbs" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  53. ^ a b [45]
  54. ^ a b c d [46]
  55. ^ [47]
  56. ^ a b c d [48]
  57. ^ a b [49]
  58. ^ a b [50]
  59. ^ a b c d [51]
  60. ^ a b [52]
  61. ^ a b c d [53]
  62. ^ [54]
  63. ^ a b c [55]
  64. ^ a b c [56]
  65. ^ a b [57]
  66. ^ [58]
  67. ^ a b [59]
  68. ^ a b c d [60]
  69. ^ U.S. Postal Service announces Frank Sinatra Stamp
  70. ^ The Chairman of the Board hits another quarter century, by John Ward, The Tech, 12/11/90
  71. ^ a b c [61]
  72. ^ a b c [62]
  73. ^ a b c [63]
  74. ^ a b c [64]
  75. ^ [65]
  76. ^ a b [66]
  77. ^ [67]
  78. ^ [68]
  79. ^ a b [69]
  80. ^ [70]
  81. ^ a b [71]
  82. ^ a b [72]
  83. ^ a b [73]
  84. ^ a b [74]
  85. ^ a b c d [75]
  86. ^ a b [76]
  87. ^ a b [77]
  88. ^ [78]
  89. ^ a b c [79]
  90. ^ a b c [80]
  91. ^ a b [81]
  92. ^ a b c [82]
  93. ^ a b [83]
  94. ^ [84]
  95. ^ [85]
  96. ^ a b [86]
  97. ^ a b [87]
  98. ^ a b c [88]
  99. ^ [89]
  100. ^ a b c d [90]
  101. ^ a b c d [91]
  102. ^ a b c [92]
  103. ^ a b c d [93]
  104. ^ a b [94]
  105. ^ a b c d e f g [95]
  106. ^ [96]
  107. ^ [97]
  108. ^ [98]
  109. ^ a b [99]
  110. ^ a b c d e f [100]
  111. ^ a b c d [101]
  112. ^ a b [102]
  113. ^ [103]
  114. ^ a b c d e f [104]
  115. ^ a b c [105]
  116. ^ a b c d e [106]
  117. ^ a b c d [107]
  118. ^ [108]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music&oldid=225818933"