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Air France Flight 447

Coordinates: 4°N 30°W / 4°N 30°W / 4; -30
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Air France Flight 447
An Air France Airbus A330-200 aircraft, similar to the one used for Flight 447
Accident
Date1 June 2009 (2009-06)
SummaryUndetermined
SiteAtlantic Ocean
4°N 30°W / 4°N 30°W / 4; -30 (approximate)
Aircraft typeAirbus A330-200
OperatorAir France
RegistrationF-GZCP
Flight originRio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport
DestinationParis-Charles de Gaulle Airport
Passengers216
Crew12
FatalitiesUnknown
SurvivorsUnknown

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Air France Flight 447 was an Airbus A330-203 on a scheduled international passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Paris, France, that crashed in the Atlantic Ocean on 1 June 2009. The discovery of the aircraft's wreckage was confirmed on June 2. No survivors were found.[1]

The last contact with the crew was a series of routine messages to Brazilian ground controllers 3 hours and 30 minutes into the flight, as the aircraft approached the edge of Brazilian radar surveillance preparing to cross the Atlantic, en-route to the Senegalese coast of West Africa, where it would regain radar coverage. Forty minutes later, a four-minute-long series of automatic ACARS messages was received from the plane, indicating electrical and cabin pressurization problems with the aircraft.

After the aircraft failed to appear on Senegalese radar and failed to contact air traffic control on either continent, a search for it was initiated. The aircraft is believed to have been lost shortly after it sent the ACARS messages.[2]

On the morning of 2 June, Brazilian Air Force planes spotted debris in the ocean.[3] France then dispatched the research ship Pourquoi Pas?, equipped with two mini-submarines capable of performing search operations at the 4.7 km (2.9 mi) depth of the seabed in the area where the aircraft went down.[4]

The accident is the deadliest in the history of Air France, surpassing the crash of an Air France charter flight from Paris's Orly Field to Atlanta on 3 June 1962.[5][6][7] Paul-Louis Arslanian, the head of the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA), described the incident as the worst aviation accident and incident in French history.[8]

Accident

Rio de Janeiro
22:03, 31 May
Fernando de Noronha
01:33, 1 June
Last transmission at
3.5777N 30.3744W
02:14, 1 June
Paris
Expected at 09:10, 1 June
Approximate flight path of AF 447. The solid red line shows the actual route. The dashed line indicates the planned route beginning with the position of the last transmission heard

The Air France Airbus A330-203 (tail number F-GZCP) was on a scheduled international passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Paris, France. The aircraft departed Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport on 31 May 2009 at 19:03 local time (22:03 UTC), with a scheduled arrival at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport approximately 11 hours later.

The last verbal contact with the aircraft was at 01:33 UTC, when it was near waypoint INTOL (1°21′39″S 32°49′53″W / 1.36083°S 32.83139°W / -1.36083; -32.83139) located 565 km (351 mi) off Brazil's north-eastern coast. The crew reported that they expected to use UN873 airway and enter Senegalese-controlled airspace at waypoint TASIL (4°0′18″N 29°59′24″W / 4.00500°N 29.99000°W / 4.00500; -29.99000) within 50 minutes, and that the aircraft was flying normally at an altitude of 10,670 m (35,010 ft) and a speed of 840 km/h (520 mph).[3][9][10] The aircraft left Brazil Atlantic radar surveillance at 01:48 UTC.

The last contact with the aircraft was at 02:14 UTC, four hours after take-off, when its avionics automatically transmitted several messages via ACARS indicating multiple systems failures. The first of these messages, at 2:10 UTC, reportedly indicated that the autopilot had disengaged and the fly-by-wire computers had switched to an alternate program used in the event of multiple system failures. Next, the aircraft transmitted several messages indicating failures of the Air Data Inertial Reference Unit, the Integrated Standby Instrument System (a backup system providing basic flight instruments), and the master units of the primary and secondary flight control computers. The final message received, at 02:14 UTC, indicated a possible cabin depressurization at location 3°34′40″N 30°22′28″W / 3.5777°N 30.3744°W / 3.5777; -30.3744.[11][12][13]

According to Air France CEO Pierre-Henri Gourgeon these faults created a "totally unprecedented situation in the plane".[14]

Search and rescue

File:Busca voo Air France 447 1.jpg
Cockpit of a Brazilian C-130 Hercules involved in search operations. The aircraft flies at low level over the ocean 650 km north of the Fernando de Noronha islands, while the crew watches the surface.

Brazilian air traffic controllers contacted air traffic control in Dakar at 02:20 UTC, when they noticed that the plane had not made the required radio call signaling its crossing into Senegalese airspace.[3] The Brazilian Air Force started a search and rescue operation from the Brazilian archipelago of Fernando de Noronha.[3] French reconnaissance planes were also dispatched, including one Breguet Atlantic from Dakar.[15] The French also requested help from satellite equipment from the United States to help find the plane.[16] Brazilian Air Force spokesperson Colonel Henry Munhoz told Brazilian TV that radar on Cape Verde failed to pick up the aircraft over the Atlantic Ocean, saying, "Air Force planes left Fernando de Noronha and are flying towards Europe to start the search for the missing plane."[3] Since 19:00 UTC on 1 June, Spain has been operating a CASA 235 maritime patrol plane in search and rescue operations near Cape Verde.[17] At night, Brazilian Air Force continued the search with a C-130 and an Embraer R-99[citation needed].[4][16]

Early on, officials with Air France and the French government presumed that the plane had been lost with no survivors. An Air France spokesperson told L'Express that there was "no hope for survivors."[18][19][20] French President Nicolas Sarkozy told relatives of the passengers that there is only a minimal chance that anyone survived.[16]

On 2 June, two ships of the French Navy, Foudre and Ventôse, were en route to the suspected crash site. A French Air Force E-3 Sentry took off at 17:00 CEST, complementing two Atlantique 2 aircraft and a Falcon 50 of the Navy.[citation needed] Bad weather made the search by ship and plane difficult.[4] Also among the ships sent to the site was the French research vessel Pourquoi Pas?, equipped with two mini-submarines that can descend to 6,000 m (20,000 ft).[21] The area of the Atlantic in which the plane went down may be as deep as 4,700 m (15,400 ft).[22] A United States Navy Lockheed Martin P3 Orion MR submarine-hunting aircraft was also deployed in the search due to its low altitude endurance and patrol capability, sonar and magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) sensor suite.[23]

On 3 June, the first Brazilian Navy ship, the patrol boat NPa Grajaú, reached the area in which the first debris was spotted. The Brazilian Navy has sent a total of five ships to the debris site; the frigate F Constituição and the corvette Cv Caboclo are scheduled to reach the area on 4 June.[24]

Crash site

File:Busca voo Air France 447 3.jpg
An oil slick caused by the crashed Air France flight.

At 15:20 UTC on 2 June, an Embraer R99 operated by the Brazilian Air Force found wreckage strewn in a 5 km (3 mi) long band 650 km (400 mi) northeast of Fernando de Noronha Island, near St. Peter and Paul Rocks. It included a plane seat, an orange buoy, a barrel, "white pieces and electrical conductors" and signs of oil and jet fuel.[3][25]

Later that day, after meeting with relatives of the Brazilians on the aircraft, Brazilian Defence Minister Nelson Jobim confirmed that the debris found off the coast was from Flight 447.[1][26] Brazilian vice-president José Alencar (acting as president since Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is out of the country) declared three days of official mourning after the finding was confirmed.[27]

Early the next morning, French military spokesperson Christophe Prazuck also confirmed the discovery, saying "there was no longer any room for doubt" that the debris was from the aircraft.[26]

Passenger and crew details

Nationality Passengers Crew Total
 France 61 11 72
 Brazil 58 (57)[28] 1 59 (58)[28]
 Germany 26 — 26
 Italy 9 — 9
 People's Republic of China 9 — 9
 Switzerland 6 — 6
 Lebanon 5 — 5
 United Kingdom 5 — 5
 Hungary 4[29][30] — 4
 Norway 3 (4)[31] — 3 (4)[31]
 Ireland 3 — 3
 Slovakia 3 — 3
 Morocco 2 — 2
 Poland 2 — 2
 Spain 2 — 2
 Belgium 2 — 2
 United States 2 — 2
 Argentina 1[32] — (1)[32] 1 (2)[32]
 Austria 1 — 1
 Canada 1[33] — 1
 Croatia 1 — 1
 Denmark 1[34] — 1
 Estonia 1 — 1
 Gambia 1 — 1
 Iceland 1 — 1
 Netherlands 1 (2)[28] — 1 (2)[28]
 Philippines 1[35] — 1[35]
 Romania 1 — 1[36]
 Russia 1 — 1
 Sweden 1 (3)[37] — 1 (3)[37]
 South Africa 1 — 1
 South Korea (1)[38] — (1)[38]
 Turkey 1 — 1
Total 216 12 228[39]
Passengers at the Air France counter at Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport

A partial list of named crew and passengers on board the plane was released on 2[40] and 3 June 2009.[41]

The aircraft was carrying 216 passengers and 12 crew members in two cabins of service.[42][43] Three pilots were amongst the crew. Among the 216 passengers were one baby, seven children, 82 women, and 126 men.[3] 58-year-old flight captain Marc Dubois, who joined Air France in 1988, had approximately 11,000 flight hours, with 1,700 hours on an Airbus A330. The two co-pilots, 37-year-old David Robert and 32-year-old Pierre-Cedric Bonin, had over 9,000 flight hours between them. Of the twelve crew members, eleven were French and one was Brazilian.[44][41]

According to an official list made public by Air France, most of the passengers were French, Brazilian, and German citizens.[39][45] In addition to this, there were some passengers on this flight who may have held multiple citizenship.[note 1]

Notable passengers

Prince Pedro Luís of Orléans-Bragança, fourth in line of succession to the extinct throne of Brazil, was on the flight.[46][47] He had dual Brazilian-Belgian citizenship. He lived in Luxembourg, where he worked for a bank, and was returning from a visit to his relatives in Rio de Janeiro.[48][49]

Two Brazilian executives of Michelin, along with one French executive of the group, were passengers on the flight.[50] The chairman of German steelmaker ThyssenKrupp's Brazilian unit Company Atlantic Siderúrgica (CSA) was also on board.[50] The list of passengers also included the head of the Office of the Mayor of Rio de Janeiro, his wife, and a former conductor of the Symphony Orchestras of the Brasilia National Theatre and the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Theatre.[51][52] Eithne Walls from Northern Ireland, who had performed on Broadway with Riverdance, was returning home from a holiday in Brazil.[53][54] Also on board was Juliana de Aquino, who had performed in various theatre productions in Germany,[55][56], as well as harpist Fatma Ceren Necipoglu, one of the rising stars of classical music in Turkey, who was on her way home from performing two recitals at the Fourth Rio Harp Festival.[57]

Investigation

Colonel Jorge Amaral, deputy head of the Center for Social Communication of the Brazilian Air Force, discussing the search for the aircraft

The cause of the crash remains unknown. The Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA) is tasked with the official investigation.[58] BEA chief Paul-Louis Arslanian said that he is not optimistic about finding the plane's flight recorders, since they may be under as much as 3,000 m (9,800 ft) of water and the terrain under this portion of the ocean is very rugged.[59] Investigators are hoping to find the aircraft's tail, since the recorders are located there.[60] Although France has never recovered a black box from similar depths[59], there is precedent for such an operation; in 1988, an independent contractor was able to recover the flight recorders of South African Airways Flight 295 from a depth of 4,900 m (16,100 ft) in a search area of between 80 and 250 square nautical miles (270 and 860 km2).[61][62]

Bomb threat

On 27 May, several days prior to this incident, Air France received a telephoned bomb threat regarding an earlier flight from Buenos Aires in Argentina to Paris. Authorities at Ezeiza Airport in Buenos Aires delayed the flight before take-off while conducting a 90-minute search of the threatened aircraft; passengers remained on the plane throughout. The search conducted by authorities yielded no explosive material, so the authorities allowed that flight to depart.[63] The government of France has not yet ruled out the possibility of a terrorist attack, but no organization has claimed responsibility for one thus far.[64] Brazilian defence minister Nelson Jobim was quoted as saying that a long fuel slick found in an zone where debris was spotted "means that it is improbable that there was a fire or explosion", inferring that any explosion or fire would have ignited the jet fuel.[65]

Memorial

Notre Dame de Paris, the site of the memorial ceremony

On 3 June 2009 an ecumenical, inter-religious memorial service for family and friends of the victims was held at the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral in Paris.[66][67] Roman Catholic, Protestant Christian, Orthodox Christian, Jewish, and Muslim clergy attended the service. Among the clergy were Archbishop of Paris André Vingt-Trois, Grand Rabbi and Jewish Chaplain of Air Personnel Haïm Korsia, Protestant Federation of France president Claude Baty, and French Council of Muslim Faith president Mohammed Moussaoui. The service concluded with a reading of the poem "Footsteps in the Sand" (Portuguese: "Passos sobre a areia") by Brazilian poet Ademar de Barros. Members of the press were forbidden from attending the ceremony. A sound broadcast was broadcast to the square outside of the cathedral.[68] Pope Benedict XVI offered his sincere condolences and the apostolic blessing to the victims' families and loved ones in a message of condolence sent in his name to the French apostolic nunciature via telegram by the Cardinal Secretary of State, Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone.[69] The message was read out at the service attended by uniformed Air France crew, there to mourn their colleagues and help manage the ceremony organized by the airline.[70]

References

  1. ^ Numbers in parentheses indicate reports that contradict the official Air France manifest and can probably be attributed to a passenger being a national of more than one country.
  1. ^ a b "No survivors found in wreckage of Air France jet, official says". CNN. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  2. ^ "Air France Says 'No Hope' For Missing Jetliner". National Public Radio. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Plane searchers spot ocean debris". BBC. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02. Cite error: The named reference "BBC1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c "Storms hamper lost plane search". 2 June 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2009.
  5. ^ "Plane Crash Info". 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  6. ^ "Search intensifies for vanished Air France flight". MSN News. Agence France-Presse. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  7. ^ "ASN Aviation Safety Database - [[Air France]]". ASN. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  8. ^ "More debris found from Air France plane crash." CNN. 3 June 2009. Retrieved on 3 June 2009.
  9. ^ "Brazilian ministry details last track of missing Air France A330".
  10. ^ Paul Koring (2009-06-02). "Flight 447 vanished without warning". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ "Crash: Air France A332 over Atlantic on June 1st 2009, aircraft lost". Aviation Herald. 2009-06-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ "Airbus Flight Control Laws". Airbus. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  13. ^ "Avonics Product Range". Airbus. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  14. ^ "Atlantic searched for lost plane". BBC.
  15. ^ "Premières précisions sur l'Airbus d'Air France disparu". L'Express (in French). 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  16. ^ a b c "Sarkozy: Prospect slim of finding plane survivors". WRAL-TV. Associated Press. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  17. ^ "Un avión de la Guardia Civil contra la inmigración también busca el avión desaparecido". El Mundo (in Spanish). 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  18. ^ ""Aucun espoir" pour le vol Rio-Paris d'Air France". L'Express (in French). 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  19. ^ "Air France 'loses hope' after plane drops off the radar en route from Brazil to Paris with 228 people on board". Daily Mail. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  20. ^ "French plane crashed over Atlantic". The Guardian. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  21. ^ Evaristo Sa (2009-06-03). "Navy ships seek to recover Air France crash debris". Agence France-Presse.
  22. ^ "Mini-subs sent to look for jet". News24. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  23. ^ "AF 447 may have come apart before crash: experts". Associated Press. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  24. ^ "Brazilian Air Force Finds More Debris from Flight 447". CRI English. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  25. ^ Brazilian Air Force Bulletin Number 6. In Portuguese. http://www.fab.mil.br/portal/capa/index.php?mostra=3103
  26. ^ a b "BOcean search finds plane debris". BBC. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  27. ^ "José Alencar decreta três dias de luto oficial por vítimas do Airbus" (in Portuguese). Globo. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  28. ^ a b c d "Zeisterse in verdwenen Air France vlucht" (in Dutch). rtvutrecht.nl. 2 juni 2009. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ "Éjszaka is keresték a francia Airbust[[Category:Articles containing Hungarian-language text]]" (in Hungarian). The Grand Rapids Press. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  30. ^ "Air France crash victims believed to include therapist who worked at Conductive Learning Center in Southeast Grand Rapids". 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  31. ^ a b "Alexander kommer aldri tilbake på skolen[[Category:Articles containing Norwegian-language text]]" (in Norwegian). [[[Dagbladet]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help). 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  32. ^ a b c "El hijo del publicista argentino Gabriel Dreyfus viajaba en el avión[[Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text]]" (in Spanish). [[[Clarín]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help). 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help) Cite error: The named reference "clarin" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  33. ^ Family says Air France passenger had a 'great life'
  34. ^ "Dane on board missing flight". The Copenhagen Post. 2009-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  35. ^ a b "Filipino Seaman on Board Crashe Air France Plane".
  36. ^ "A dispărut la nouă zile după nuntă". Evenimentul Zilei.
  37. ^ a b "Flygplan försvann över Atlanten". Dagens Nyheter. 2009-06-01.
  38. ^ a b 실종 여객기에 한국인 탑승 확인, YTN News, 2 June 2009
  39. ^ a b "Flight Air France 447 Rio de Janeiro - Paris-Charles de Gaulle".
  40. ^ "paslist". newsbizarre.com. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  41. ^ a b List of passengers aboard lost Air France flight." Associated Press at Yahoo! News. Wednesday 3 June 2009. Retrieved on 3 June 2009.
  42. ^ "Air France jet with 215 people on board 'drops off radar'". The Times. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  43. ^ "Air France statement on crashed airliner in the Atlantic". BNO News. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  44. ^ "Only Canadian man aboard missing Air France flight had 'great life': Family". The Canadian Press. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  45. ^ "Ships head for area where airplane debris spotted". CNN. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  46. ^ "Voo Air France 447: últimas informaçþes - VEJA.com". Veja.abril.com.br. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  47. ^ "Folha Online - Cotidiano - Família Orleans e Bragança confirma que príncipe brasileiro estava no voo AF 447 - 01/06/2009". .folha.uol.com.br. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  48. ^ "De Standaard Online - 'Belgisch-Braziliaanse prins onder de slachtoffers'". Standaard.be. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  49. ^ Confirmed Victims of AF 447
  50. ^ a b "Michelin, ThyssenKrupp executives on missing Airbus". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  51. ^ "Airbus: apólice de US$ 94 mi e seguro incalculável". Monitor Mercantil. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  52. ^ "Lista não oficial de vítimas do voo 447 da Air France inclui executivos, médicos e até um membro da família Orleans e Bragança". O Globo Globo. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  53. ^ "Riverdance star on lost airliner". BBC. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  54. ^ "Air France disaster: Riverdance troupe is 'devastated by the news'". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  55. ^ "Stuttgarter Musical-Darstellerin ist tot". Stuttgarter Nachrichten. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  56. ^ "Juliana de Aquino Homepage". Juliana de Aquino. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  57. ^ "Turk among jet victims." Hürriyet. 2 June 2009. Retrieved on 3 June 2009.
  58. ^ Press release 1 June 2009, BEA
  59. ^ a b "Lost jet data 'may not be found'". BBC. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  60. ^ Negroni, Christine. Wreckage of Air France jet Is found, Brazil says. New York Times, 2009-06-03.
  61. ^ Johan Strümpfer (2006-10-16). "Deep Ocean Search Planning: A Case Study of problem Solving".
  62. ^ Finding the black box of Air France Flight 447 will be challenging: French probe team
  63. ^ "Searchers Find 23-Foot Piece of Airplane in Hunt for Missing Air France Flight". ABC News. 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  64. ^ "Officials investigate Argentina bomb threat as pilot claims Air France Flight 447 was blown out of the sky by terrorists". Daily Mail. 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  65. ^ "Terrorism 'unlikely' aboard Air France AF 447". AFP. 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
  66. ^ "Air France 447 - Cérémonie oecuménique mercredi à Notre-Dame de Paris" (in French). France Soir. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  67. ^ Harlan, Sarah (2009-06-03). "Memorial for Air France flight victims". WFIE-TV. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  68. ^ "Archbishop Of Paris Press Release". Air France. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  69. ^ "Pope sends telegram for victims of Atlantic air disaster". 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  70. ^ "Ships arrive in Air France flight 447 crash zone". Agence France-Presse. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

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