Jump to content

Duke Nukem Forever

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 147.252.234.154 (talk) at 15:12, 12 November 2009. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Duke Nukem Forever
Duke Nukem Forever artwork
Developer(s)3D Realms (1997-)
Publisher(s)2K Games (1997-)
Take-Two Interactive (2003-)
EngineUnreal Engine 2 (heavily modified)[2]
Platform(s)Microsoft Windows,[3] Xbox 360[4]
Release"Tomorow"[1]
Genre(s)First-person shooter
Mode(s)Single-player, Multiplayer

Duke Nukem Forever (DNF) is a first-person shooter video game that has been in development since 1997 by the software developer 3D Realms. It was intended as a sequel to the 1996 game Duke Nukem 3D, as part of the long-running Duke Nukem video game series, and it was to be directed by George Broussard, one of the creators of the original Duke Nukem game. Early on, the game was being publicised as having "unprecedented interactivity", aiming to "push the limits of gaming and establish new standards in interactivity, variety, and pure fun."[5] Instead, it became infamous for its severely protracted development schedule, and it has been ridiculed as "the longest game ever in production" and "an elaborate in-joke at the expense of the industry".[6] The game has been the subject of much speculation, and has frequently been referred to as vaporware.

Development on DNF was first publicly announced in April 1997, and promotional information for the game was released in one form or another in each of 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, and 2008. After repeatedly announcing and deferring release dates for the game, 3D Realms announced publicly in 2001 that DNF would be released simply "when it's done".[1] In May 2009, development of the game was terminated by 3D Realms, meaning that production on Duke Nukem Forever has halted. Although Take-Two Interactive still owns the publishing rights to the game, they do not have an agreement with 3D Realms to provide funding for the game's continued development, and its future remains unclear.[7] In the same month, Take-Two Interactive filed a lawsuit against 3D Realms over their failure to finish development of the game.[8] According to court documents that have been released publicly, the game is still in development.[citation needed]

Plot

The plot of Duke Nukem Forever has been publicly presented through footage and screenshots. Key developer Glen Burke has played an important role[clarification needed] following the franchise from the first title. 3D Realms released trailers at the 1998 and 2001 E3 conventions, and released screenshots in the time between those years. However, as DNF has gone through extensive changes since its last trailer, the plot is not known in its entirety.

The status of several secondary characters also remains unclear. The 2001 trailer shows an alien invasion in Las Vegas. It features Duke fighting with several weapons, in many settings (such as a mine, some rural areas, the streets of Las Vegas, on water, and indoor areas).[9]

As of 2003, the 3D Realms website states that "the screenshots and videos that were there have been removed as they no longer represent the game's current look and feel."[1]

In 2008, Miller confirmed that the plot involves a retired Duke, who now owned a Casino known as "The Lady Killer" that had come under attack from aliens.[10]

Development history

Screenshot of Duke Nukem Forever from 1999.

Duke Nukem Forever was officially announced on April 28, 1997 along with the purchase of a license to use the Quake II engine[11][12] and the intention of releasing the game no later than mid-1998.[13] Original prototype work on the game had begun as early as January. In August and September, the first screenshots of DNF were released in PC Gamer. In its November issue, Scott Miller restated that the intended release date was 1998. However, 3D Realms did not get the Quake II engine code until November 1997, and the earlier screenshots were simply mock-ups with the Quake engine that the team had made in their spare time.[14] 3D Realms unveiled the first video footage of DNF using the Quake II engine at the 1998 E3 conference.[15]

Change to Unreal engine

In June 1998, the 3D Realms team switched to Epic's Unreal Engine.[16] Fans were concerned because switching game engines requires more development time and further delays the release of the game. Broussard said that the transition from the Quake to the Unreal engine would take from "a month to 6 weeks" and that the game would not be significantly delayed. He also reassured gamers that the items unveiled in the May 1998 E3 demo would carry over on the Epic engine. He also said that DNF would be released in 1999.[16]

In 1999, 3D Realms announced that they had upgraded to the newer version of the Unreal Engine. They released a second batch of screenshots on November 1 that showcased Duke Nukem Forever on the Unreal engine for the first time.[17] In December, 3D Realms released a Christmas card that suggested that DNF would be released in 2000.[18]

In early December 2000, publisher Gathering of Developers announced that they had acquired the publishing rights for DNF.[19] Shortly afterwards, 3D Realms released another Christmas card that suggested that DNF would be released in 2001.[20]

At the May 2001 E3, 3D Realms released a second video that showed a couple of minutes of in-game footage,[9] which notably showed the player moving in a what appears to be Las Vegas and a certain level of interactivity (the player buys a sandwich from a vending machine and pushes the keypads). In August, Gathering of Developers shut down its offices and Take-Two Interactive took over the publishing rights for DNF.[21]

In 2002, after hiring several new programmers, the team completely rewrote the renderer and other game engine modules, beginning work on a new generation of game content. Broussard estimated that around 95% of the previous level design work was scrapped in the process. He also later stated that they were never less than two years away from shipping with the UT based version of the game. The engine, which now contains parts of an early version of Unreal Engine 2.0 (the team branched off from the engine in 2001) supports such features as pixel shading, normal mapping and high dynamic range based lighting.[22][23]

Broussard has stated several times that the only parts of the Unreal engine that are still part of their code base are UnrealScript, the networking code, and the UnrealEd. Everything else (except the current physics engine) has been written from scratch by 3D Realms. The principal technical reason given by Broussard for the extensive delays was the unstable tech base. Once it was stabilized, 3D Realms expanded their team considerably, from 22 to 31 members.[citation needed]

Physics engine switch

On September 14, 2004, 3D Realms announced that they had replaced the Karma physics engine with one designed by Meqon. Several sites have speculated that Duke Nukem Forever will be using the latest generation of this technology, which was designed for next-gen consoles.[24]

Conflict with Take-Two

On May 20, 2003, Jeffrey Lapin, then CEO of Take Two, told reporters that the game would not be out by the end of 2003.[25] In response, George Broussard commented on Shacknews, saying that "Take Two needs to STFU imo."[26] Later in the year, on December 18, 2003, Jeffrey Lapin said that 3D Realms had told him that Duke Nukem Forever was expected to be finished by the end of 2004, or the beginning of 2005.[21]

On September 9, 2004, GameSpot reported that Duke Nukem Forever had switched to the Doom 3 engine.[27] Many gaming news sites mailed George Broussard, asking him to confirm or deny the rumor. After receiving no answer from him, they published the rumor as fact, ending the article with "Attempts to contact 3D Realms for comment were unsuccessful as of press time." Later that day, George Broussard explicitly denied the rumor and explained that he was not able to answer the emails because he was working elsewhere in the building.[27]

On March 20, 2007, Scott Miller explained in an interview with YouGamers that they were still using the Unreal Engine, albeit a heavily modified version at this point.[28]

2005–2007

Rumors in April 2005 suggested that the game would appear at 2005 E3, along with 3D Realms' previously canceled Prey. While Prey did make an appearance, the rumors of Duke Nukem Forever's appearance turned out to be false.[29]

In February 2006, Broussard gave an interview and updated the status on DNF. He reported that everything was together and in full production, and that the guns, creatures, and everything else had been finished. Broussard said that the development team was tweaking and polishing the game and putting it all together.[30]

In April 2006, Broussard demonstrated samples of the game, including an early level, a vehicle sequence, and a few test rooms.[31] One notable[32] demonstration, according to the May 2006 issue[33] of Computer Games magazine featured the interactive use of an in-game computer to send actual e-mails.[34]

On March 21, 2006, 3D Realms CEO Scott Miller talked of a sequel by stating, "of course as soon as Duke is done we'll begin a new one."[35]

In June, in a filing with the SEC, Take-Two revealed that they had renegotiated the deal and will receive $4.25 million instead of $6 million upon the release of the game.[36] The filing also revealed that Take-Two was offering a $500,000 bonus if DNF was commercially released by December 31, 2006.[37] However, Broussard denied the rumors that DNF would be released, saying that 3D Realms never cared for or asked for the bonus. He stated that he would "never ship a game early."[38]

On August 30, 2006, Shacknews reported that several key employees had left 3D Realms.[39] They speculated that the departures would lead to further delays for DNF. However, 3D Realms strongly denied these claims, stating that the employees had left over a number of months and that the game was still moving ahead.[40]

2007–2009

Duke Nukem Forever 2007 teaser screenshot

On January 25, 2007 and May 22, 2007, George Broussard posted two Gamasutra job ads with small (200x125 pixel) screenshots of Duke Nukem holding two guns and an enemy (mutated pig). Broussard later confirmed that these were real in-game screenshots.[41][42]

In July 2007, Game Informer released two new, low-res screenshots, one of which appears to be a previously unseen shot of an in-game level, the other being the front shot of Duke seen in the first 2007 screen, but from a slightly different angle.[43]

A new video was released[44][45] on December 19, 2007 claimed to be made by employees of 3D Realms during their spare time to show at the annual Christmas party.[46] The announcement had also confirmed earlier speculation that composer Jeremy Soule (Total Annihilation, Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic, Secret of Evermore, Prey, Guild Wars, The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion) had joined the team. George Broussard made clear that the video was a teaser, rather than a trailer. He noted that all other media related to Duke Nukem Forever was no longer relevant, including the trailer released in 2001. Broussard also confirmed that the video was shot real-time from the game, with the exception of some introduction and ending shots.[47]

3D Realms had made it clear there was no set release date for the game and any shops claiming to have "insider" information were lying.[1]

Miller "confirmed" a 2008 release date in an email sent to the Dallas Business Journal on February 6, 2008, although this was reportedly "off the record", and as such, no official release date has yet been given to the public. Broussard later denounced the statement.[48] It was suggested that the developers were pushing for a late-2008 release, but it was also stated that they "would probably miss it by a few months," leading to speculation that a 2009 release date would be the most accurate presumption.[49] A small screenshot of an enemy character was displayed alongside one of Dallas Business Journal's articles on the game.[50]

On June 5, 2008, in-game footage of the game was featured on the premiere episode of The Jace Hall Show. Filmed entirely on hand-held cameras but not originally expected to be publicly released,[51] the video showed host Jason Hall playing through parts of a single level[52] on a PC at 3D Realms' offices. The footage was confirmed to have been shot 6 months prior[53] to the episode air date and according to Broussard, contained outdated particle and combat effects that had since been replaced.[54]

Another job ad update for "Level Designers or Programmers" appeared on June 20, 2008 at Gamasutra featuring a thumbnail-sized, in-game screenshot of Duke Nukem Forever. It depicted an updated model of Duke Nukem wielding a pistol and pipebomb in his hands, posed within a daylight outdoor environment. The job ad was later carried on the 3D Realms website.[55]

Duke Nukem Forever was also absent from 2008's E3. Prior to the event, Scott Miller, the CEO of 3D Realms, described E3 as "irrelevant."[56]

Two unlockable screenshots were included with the September 24, 2008 release of Duke Nukem 3D on the Xbox Live Arcade. Located in the game's art gallery upon earning all of Duke Nukem 3D's achievements, one DNF screenshot featured a first person view of Duke reloading his pistol, while facing an Octabrain, with another in the distance, in a Dam. The other screenshot depicted a frontal close-up of Duke in a strip joint.[57]

On December 18, 2008 a wallpaper image of several Duke Nukem Forever enemies was released by 3D Realms as a Christmas present to fans.[58] The picture, with lighting and models all from an in-game shot,[59] featured six different enemy creatures including two larger boss-like characters. Interactive details were revealed at this time in a comment by George Broussard, who stated that the depicted armor is bolted on enemy characters that wear it and could be blasted off with guns.[60] A similar but partial image was earlier revealed as a Christmas gift wrapping in a twitter update by George Broussard, taken at 3D Realms' annual Christmas party gift exchange.[61]

On January 12, 2009 George Broussard posted on his Twitter account "Game developers often say 'Cutting is shipping'. We begin this year with a vengeance and a chainsaw."[62] This added speculation and a strengthened impression, particularly within the 3D Realms forums, that the game would be released in 2009.[63] On February 11, 2009, he also posted a photo of a bug list.[64] On 15 April 2009, Broussard posted on his Twitter account that they had reached an important milestone; "71 more tasks to do and we started with probably 800-900."[65]

DNF team fired and 3D Realms downsized - May 2009

3D Realms laid off the DNF staff on May 8, 2009 due to lack of funding, but inside sources claim it will still operate as a smaller company.[66][67] Development on DNF halted, and its fate is unknown. Publisher Take-Two Interactive, in response, stated that they still hold the publishing rights for Duke Nukem Forever, but they were not funding the game.[68]

On May 7 and May 8, 2009, unreleased screenshots, concept art, pictures of models from the game and a goodbye message from 3D Realms were posted by alleged former employees. Similar leaks occurred on May 9, 10, 11, and 12.[69][70] On May 9, 2009, an unofficial Duke Nukem Forever gameplay video was leaked by a user of the Duke4.net forums. According to the user, the video was to serve as a demo reel for animator Bryan Brewer (who had been working on the game with 3D Realms), and Brewer had been waiting for approval from George Broussard, former co-owner of 3D Realms, at the time of the leak.[71] On May 10, 2009 a second demo reel showing some Duke Nukem Forever animation was also released. The same user of the Duke4.net forums later proceeded to release 28 screenshots and documents outlining the plot of the game. The 28 screenshots were taken from a employees portfolio that was on Linkedin.

Since then, G4TV and IGN journalists began speculating that the news of 3D Realms's apparent closure may actually be an elaborate viral marketing stunt.[72][73] However, the real status of the company and the layoffs were confirmed by 3D Realms in a statement released on May 18, 2009.[67]

On May 14, 2009, Take-Two filed a lawsuit against 3D Realms—known by its legal name in the case, Apogee Software Ltd—over their failure to complete Duke Nukem Forever, citing that they paid $12 million to Infogrames in 2000 to acquire the publishing rights.[8] 3D Realms argues, however, that they never received that money, as it was a direct agreement between Infogrames and Take-Two.[74] The lawsuit seems to be over a contractual breach, but not regarding the $12 million mentioned above.[75] Take-Two has asked for a restraining order and a preliminary injunction, to make 3D Realms keep the Duke Nukem Forever assets intact during proceedings.[76] The court denied Take-Two's request for a temporary restraining order.[77][78]

As the court documents surfaced, it was also revealed that in 2007, 2K Games started working on a new Duke Nukem-related project, codenamed "Duke Begins", slated to be finished by mid-2010. Development was halted in the April of 2009, without the consent of Apogee—in their counterclaim, Apogee claimed that "Take-Two and 2K Games are taking such actions with a goal of pressuring Apogee to sell the Duke Nukem franchise rights to Take-Two for less than their true value."[79][80]

It was revealed that an official Duke Nukem Facebook page was created, wherein screenshots of Duke Nukem Forever began to be posted. Currently[when?] there are four new images on the page, one featuring the Cycloid Emperor and the rest of the Battlelord.[citation needed] On July 17, 2009 the page was taken down due to Facebook having a policy about not allowing accounts for fictional characters. Later that day Scott Miller announced that a official fan page would be put up the following week. Later that day another image was released on the Duke Nukem profile shortly before being taken down; the image showed the back of a stripper from the game.

On July 20 Scott Miller stated that he wasn't in a hurry to put the fan page up and it would probably be up in a month or two. "Probably within a month or two. Not in any hurry to set it up. Plus, when I do, I want to have some cool news to debut on it." - Scott Miller

Press coverage

Wired News has awarded Duke Nukem Forever its Vaporware Awards several times. It placed second in June 2000 and topped the list in 2001 and 2002.[81][82][83] Wired created the Vaporware Lifetime Achievement Award exclusively for DNF and awarded it in 2003. George Broussard accepted the award, simply stating, "We're undeniably late and we know it."[84] In 2004, the game did not make the top 10; Wired editors said that they had given DNF the Lifetime Achievement Award to get it off of the list.[85] However, upon readers' demands, Wired changed its mind, and DNF won first place in 2005, 2006 and 2007.[86][87][88] In 2008, Wired staff officially considered removing DNF from their annual list, citing that "even the best jokes get old eventually", only to reconsider upon viewing the handheld camera footage of the game in The Jace Hall Show, awarding the game with first place once again.[89]

Duke Nukem Forever has drawn a number of jokes related to its development timeline. The video gaming media and public in general have routinely suggested several names in place of Forever, calling it "Never", "(Taking) Forever", "Whenever", "ForNever", "Neverever", and "If Ever".[86]

When the GameSpy editors compiled a list of the "Top 25 Dumbest Moments in Gaming History" in June 2003, Duke Nukem Forever placed #18.[90]

Jason Hall, host of The Jace Hall Show, featured Duke Nukem Forever in the show's premiere episode on June 4, 2008 and described his hands-on play experience with the game as "perfect", ending the segment with "I saw it. They have been working. It's not a myth. You're going to be pleased."[91] In a subsequent interview with 1UP.com on June 5, 2008, Jason Hall described the game as "amazing" with the summation, "This might be the only game in history worth waiting 12 years for, perhaps longer.... It was good."[92]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "3D Realms official DNF info page". 3D Realms. Retrieved March 31, 2008.
  2. ^ Remo, Chris (2007-12-19). "Comments - 3D Realms' George Broussard Tosses Out Duke Nukem Forever Information Scraps". Blog.shacknews.com. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  3. ^ "3D Realms Site: Games". 3drealms.com. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  4. ^ Duke Nukem Forever Was Being Developed For The P.C/X360
  5. ^ Take-Two Interactive, Publisher "Duke Nukem Forever". Take-Two Games.
  6. ^ Walbank, Mark. "Feature: The Most Delayed Games". ComputerAndVideoGames.com. Retrieved November 28, 2008.
  7. ^ "http://www.shacknews.com/featuredarticle.x?id=1127". Shack News. Retrieved May 06, 2009.
  8. ^ a b "http://kotaku.com/5255220/take+two-sues-duke-nukem-forever-devs-over-failure-to-deliver". Kotaku. Retrieved May 14, 2009.
  9. ^ a b IGN Staff. "Duke Nukem Forever". IGN. June 1, 2001. Retrieved January 27, 2007.
  10. ^ Webster, Stephen C. "3D Realms readies its Duke Nukem sequel, finally". Dallas Business Journal. Retrieved November 28, 2008.
  11. ^ Broussard, George. "3D Realms Licenses id Software's 'Quake II' Engine for `Duke Nukem Forever'". Planet Duke. April 28, 1997.
  12. ^ "The Official Duke Nukem Forever FAQ". Planet Duke. Last updated January 8, 2005.
  13. ^ "Duke does Quake - The Big Question Answered - Why?" 3D Realms through archive.org. Retrieved May 10, 2007.
  14. ^ "The Fall Of Duke Nukem". Eurogamer. May 30, 2003.
  15. ^ "DNF from E3past". Kotaku. March 22, 2006.
  16. ^ a b "Duke Nukem Forever Switches to Unreal Engine". 3D Realms. June 15, 1998.
  17. ^ Duke Nukem Forever screenshot gallery
  18. ^ "1999 3D Realms Christmas Card - Page 2". Archived from the original on 2008-01-20.. 3D Realms. Retrieved August 7, 2006.
  19. ^ "Duke Nukem Turns His Life Over to g.o.d.". 3D Realms. December 4, 2000.
  20. ^ 2000 3D Realms Christmas Card - Page 3. 3D Realms. Retrieved August 7, 2006.
  21. ^ a b Thorsen, Tor. "No Duke Nukem Forever 'til 2005?". December 18, 2003. GameSpot. Retrieved January 31, 2007.
  22. ^ "Duke Nukem Forever Bits". Voodoo Extreme. April 13, 2004.
  23. ^ "DNF Engine Status". Duke4.de. January 14, 2004.
  24. ^ "GDC: Duke Nukem Forever physics surpass Half-Life 2". Gameindustry.biz. September 3, 2005.
  25. ^ Varanini, Giancarlo. "Take-Two reveals new games in lineup". GameSpot. May 29, 2003.
  26. ^ Morris, Chris. "Duke Nukem vs. Take Two". CNN Money. June 11, 2003.
  27. ^ a b Thorsen, Tor. "3D Realms denies Duke Nukem Forever using Doom 3 engine". GameSpot. September 10, 2004.
  28. ^ "Scott Miller interview at YouGamers"
  29. ^ McNamara, Tom. "E3 2005: Duke Nukem Forever Not Here". IGN. May 19, 2005.
  30. ^ George Broussard Interview from 1UP.com. January 31, 2006. 1UP.com. Retrieved August 7, 2006.
  31. ^ Carless, Simon. "Broussard Updates Duke Nukem Forever Status". Gamesutra. April 12, 2006
  32. ^ Siegler, Joe "The Duke and I". 3D Realms. March 29, 2006.
  33. ^ Yatta "The Duke and I". Duke4.net. March 30, 2006.
  34. ^ "The Duke and I". Computer Games Magazine, May 2006.
  35. ^ 3D Realms Interview
  36. ^ Form 10-Q: Take-Two Interactive Software. Quarterly report ending April 30, 2006. Retrieved August 7, 2006.
  37. ^ Thorsen, Tor. "Take-Two stock tanks, Duke Nukem Forever due by Dec. 31?". June 9, 2006. GameSpot.
  38. ^ Thorson, Tor. "Broussard: We won't rush Duke Nukem Forever". June 13, 2006. GameSpot.
  39. ^ Remo, Chris. "3D Realms Sees Major Employee Departures, Fate of DNF in Question?". Shacknews. August 30, 2006.
  40. ^ Thorson, Tor. "Staff shift stirs 3D Realms". GameSpot. August 31, 2006.
  41. ^ Sinclair, Brendan. ""Duke Nukem Forever resurfaces"". GameSpot. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
  42. ^ Broussard, George. "" Programmer ad"". 3D Realms. Retrieved 2007-05-22.
  43. ^ "New DNF Screenshot in Game Informer". Retrieved 2007-07-14.
  44. ^ "New DNF Trailer. Official Forums". Retrieved 2007-12-18.
  45. ^ "New DNF Trailer. Shacknews". Retrieved 2007-12-18.
  46. ^ "Teaser Video Coming 3D Realms forums". Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  47. ^ "New DNF Trailer. Official Forums". Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  48. ^ Faylor, Chris. "3D Realms Disputes 'Confirmed' Reports of Duke Nukem Forever on PC and Consoles This Year". Shacknews. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  49. ^ Webster, Stephen C. "'Duke Nukem Forever' release possible in 2008, coming to home consoles". Dallas Business Journal. Retrieved 2008-11-29. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  50. ^ "DNF Thumb Causes Sexplosion in Fans Worldwide". Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  51. ^ "New Duke Nukem Forever Footage Released". Retrieved 2008-06-05.
  52. ^ "The Jace Hall DNF Footage Thread". Retrieved 2008-06-05.
  53. ^ "The Jace Hall DNF Footage Thread". Retrieved 2008-06-05.
  54. ^ "The Jace Hall DNF Footage Thread". Retrieved 2008-06-06.
  55. ^ "Help Wanted!". Retrieved 2008-06-23.
  56. ^ Earnest Cavalli (2008-06-30). "Duke Nukem Forever Devs: E3 is 'Irrelevant'". Wired. Retrieved 2008-09-18. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  57. ^ "New Duke Nukem Forever Screenshots Released". Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  58. ^ "Merry Christmas from 3D Realms". Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  59. ^ "Morning Discussion". Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  60. ^ "Morning Discussion". Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  61. ^ "Couple of interesting wrappings". Retrieved 2008-12-14.
  62. ^ "Cutting is shipping 2009 comment". Retrieved 2009-01-21.
  63. ^ "Duke Nukem Forever shipping in 2009?". Retrieved 2009-03-19. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  64. ^ "Twitter / George Broussard: A peek inside our task dat". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  65. ^ "Duke Nukem Forever reaches milestone" ClanBase. Retrieved April 15, 2009.
  66. ^ "3DR "smaller studio now," "will continue to operate as a company"". Forums.3drealms.com. 2009-05-18. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  67. ^ a b Totilo, Stephen (2009-05-18). "3D Realms: We're Not Closing, Spent $20 Million On Duke Nukem Forever". Kotaku. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
  68. ^ "Technology | Duke Nukem developer goes bust". BBC News. 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  69. ^ "Duke Nukem Forever Media". Duke4.net. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  70. ^ Posted May 12, 2009 - By Stephen Johnson (2009-05-12). "Is The 'Duke Nukem Forever' Cancellation A Huge Publicity Stunt?". G4tv.com. Retrieved 2009-07-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  71. ^ "Saved Duke Nukem Dot Com?". Ve3d.ign.com. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  72. ^ 3D Realms' Miller responds to Take-Two Nukem Suit. Kotaku. Retrieved May 16, 2009.
  73. ^ Breckon, Nick (2009-05-14). "Take-Two Sues 3D Realms for Failing to Deliver Duke Nukem Forever (Updated)". Shacknews. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
  74. ^ Breckon, Nick (2009-05-15). "Take-Two v. 3D Realms Court Documents Materialize, 3DR's Scott Miller Responds". Shacknews. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
  75. ^ "http://www.shacknews.com/docs/press/20090518_dnf_3dr_.x". Shacknews. 2009-05-18. Retrieved 2009-07-21. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  76. ^ "3DR Spent $20m On DNF; Denies Allegations; Reveals New Duke Game". Ve3d.ign.com. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  77. ^ "Court Filing: 2KGames Developing "Duke Begins"". GamePolitics. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  78. ^ "GDN: Apogee Files Counter-Suit Against Take Two". Gamersdailynews.com. 2009-06-22. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  79. ^ Kahney, Leander. "Vaporware 2000: Missing Inaction". December 27, 2000. Wired News.
  80. ^ Manjoo, Farhad. "Vaporware 2001: Empty Promises". January 7, 2002. Wired News.
  81. ^ Vaporware Team. "Vaporware 2002: Tech Up in Smoke?". Wired News. January 3, 2003.
  82. ^ Vaporware Team Null. "Vaporware: Nuke 'Em if Ya Got 'Em". Wired News. January 20, 2004.
  83. ^ Vaporware Team. "Vaporware Phantom Haunts Us All". January 7, 2005. Wired News.
  84. ^ a b Kahney, Leander. "Vaporware: Better Late Than Never". Wired News. February 6, 2006.
  85. ^ Calore, Michael. "Vaporware '06: Return of the King". Wired News. December 27, 2006.
  86. ^ Calore, Michael. "Vaporware '07: Long Live the King". Wired News. December 20, 2007.
  87. ^ Wired Staff. "Vaporware 2008: Crushing Disappointments, False Promises and Plain Old BS". Wired News. December 29, 2008.
  88. ^ "Never Bet on the Duke". Top 25 Dumbest Moments in Gaming History. GameSpy. June 10, 2003.
  89. ^ "The Jace Hall Show". Retrieved 2008-06-04.
  90. ^ "Jason Hall Discusses His New Online Show". Retrieved May 7, 2009.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duke_Nukem_Forever&oldid=325445380"