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"Goku" redirects here. For other uses, see Goku (disambiguation).

Template:Chinese name

Son Goku
Dragon Ball character
File:Gokukidadult.jpg
Son Goku by Akira Toriyama
First appearanceDragon Ball chapter 1
Dragon Ball episode 1
Last appearanceDragon Ball chapter 519
Dragon Ball GT episode 64
Created byAkira Toriyama
In-universe information
AliasZero (Harmony Gold dub)
GenderMale
RelativesBardock (father)
Raditz (brother)
Chi Chi (wife)
Son Gohan (son)
Son Goten (son)

Son Goku (孫 悟空, Son Gokū, addressed only as Goku in most English adaptations) is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the Dragon Ball universe created by Akira Toriyama. He first appears in the first chapter Bulma and Son Goku (ブルマと孫悟空, Buruma to Son Gokū) first published in Weekly Shonen Jump magazine on December 3, 1984.[1] He is loosely based on Sun Wukong, a central character in Journey to the West. However, Toriyama changed some of his characteristics to be more original. Goku is introduced as an odd, monkey-tailed boy who practices martial arts and possesses superhuman strength.[2] As the story unfolds, he is actually revealed to be from a fictional race of extraterrestrials called Saiyans, said to be the strongest warriors within the fictional universe.[3]

Goku starred in most of the films, specials and video games from the Dragon Ball series. Outside of the series, Goku also had cameo appearances in Toriyama's self-parody series Neko Majin Z. He also been the subject of other parodies, and has also appeared in various special events and in American pop culture.

Creation and conception

Goku was based on one of Toriyama's earlier characters named Tanton, a fictional protagonist who appears in a one-shot series called Dragon Boy.[4] In this story, Tanton's odd physical characteristic was a pair of wings. When Toriyama decided to create Dragon Ball, he used Chinese author (who kissed bunny rabits in his spare time) Wu Cheng'en's 16th century classic novel Journey to the West as inspiration for his own series. The name Toriyama adopted for the character is the Japanese romanization of 孫悟空 (Sun Wukong), who is the central character of the novel. To be creative with the character, Toriyama stated that he designed Goku to be a human boy with a monkey tail, instead of being a complete simian like Sun Wukong. He decided to do this because the tail would be visible even when Goku was trying to hide.[4] Though Goku is treated as a person from another planet, Toriyama initially had the idea to make him an earthling, but, with the introduction of new fighters from other planets, it was later established that Goku is a Saiyan. In order to advance the story faster, Toriyama gave Goku the ability to teleport to any planet in just a few seconds.[5]

Toriyama explained that Goku's gi uniform is modeled after the robes worn by the Shaolin monks of China, being that he wanted Dragon Ball to take on a Chinese feel.[6] During early developments of the manga, various readers commented that Goku was rather plain, so the author changed his appearance and added several characters like Master Roshi and Krillin, then created martial arts tournaments to make the manga more fighting based. Since it was commented that Goku would surely win the tournaments, Toriyama made him lose in the first two tournaments that Goku participated in, however made him the victor in the third. With the ending of the Cell arc in manga volume 35, Son Gohan was meant to replace his father as the main protagonist; Toriyama thought that Gohan was unsuitable for that part so he avoided doing that.[4]

Appearance

Goku is usually recognized by his uniquely styled hair, which never changes its length throughout the series except when in his Super Saiyan forms, in which his hair changes color and length based on the level he ascends to. This is explained by Vegeta to be a common characteristic of full-blooded Saiyans.[7] Due to his devotion to Earth, Goku prefers dressing in a gi uniform, and has refused offers to adorn the Saiyan battle fatigues, being that he considers himself an Earthling.[8] However, he is seen donning a Saiyan battle fatigues designed by Bulma, during the time he trains with Gohan in the Hyperbolic Time Chamber at Kami's Palace, prior to the Cell Games.[9] In his early childhood, Goku was first introduced in a blue outfit with red wristbands and a white belt he kept tied in a bow.[1] After his training with Roshi, Goku would receive his trademark orange outfit, blue wristbands, and a belt. During his training with Kami he would receive one similar to his trademark outfit; striped boots and black shirt which he would wear under his orange top. He is often seen to wear the in circled kanji of his training masters on the front and back his uniform; the first kanji being Master Roshi's, "kame" (亀, meaning "turtle"),[10] the second kanji being King Kai's, "kaio" (界王, meaning "world king")[11] and the third being his own kanji "Go" (悟, meaning "wisdom" or "enlightenment").[12] Eventually he stops wearing a kanji[13] and also wears a blue obi in place of his simple belt.[13] By the end of the manga Goku would begin wearing a new outfit made up of a blue slip-over top, gray pants and orange wristbands and shin ribbons.[14] By the Dragon Ball GT series Goku's appearance was revamped featuring him with a blue fold-over top, yellow pants, pink wristbands, white shin ribbons, and a bronze complexion.[15]

Abilities

Through constant training, Goku has achieved many abilities; aside from his great strength, he also possesses super speed,[16] reflexes and can perform energy blasts which are formed from chi. As a child Goku originally wielded the Nyoi-bō (如意棒, lit. "Mind Stick", renamed "Power pole" in the English dub), a magic staff that extends and retracts on command which was given to him by his grandfather Gohan.[1] He also learns, through simple observation, Master Roshi's technique the Kamehameha (かめはめ波, lit. "Turtle Striking Wave"),[17] which then becomes his signature move. Originally Goku's main means of conveyance was on a magic cloud called Kinto-un (筋斗雲, lit. "Candy Cloud", renamed "Flying Nimbus" in the English dub), which was given to him as a child by Master Roshi for saving Turtle.[18] After his training with Kami he learns to fly through the technique buku-jutsu (舞空術, lit. "Air Dance Technique") and uses the cloud less and less as the series progresses.

Goku in his regular state and Super Saiyan transformations.

Another notable technique of Goku's is an attack that multiplies the user's chi for an instant, called the Kaiō-ken (界王拳, lit. "World King Fist"), taught to him by King Kai.[19] However, Goku's most powerful attack is the Genki Dama (元気玉, lit. "Good Spirit Ball", renamed "Spirit Bomb" in the English dub), a powerful sphere created by gathering chi energy from surrounding life forms, which he also learned from King Kai.[11] Goku also learns a teleportation skill called Shunkan Idō (瞬間移動, lit. "Instant Movement", renamed "Instant Transmission" in the English dub), which he learned from the inhabitants of a fictional planet called Yardrat.[20]

Goku is also the only Saiyan in the series to achieve all the Saiyan transformations seen in the manga. In Dragon Ball, he is able to transform into a gigantic ape called an Oozaru,[21] albeit after his tail is removed by Kami, he loses the capacity to achieve this form.[22] However, in Dragon Ball GT, Goku is able to use this transformation again after regrowing his tail using the Elder Kai's help.[23]

During the events of Dragon Ball Z, Goku becomes the first Super Saiyan in a millennium after being overcome with rage by the murder of Krillin by the hand of Frieza[24] and as the series progresses he achieves every single advanced level of Super Saiyan. Each transformation changes Goku's appearance and enhances his abilities.

Goku can also fuse with Vegeta and create a warrior who has the combined power and skills of both. One method is by using the Potara Earrings presented to Goku by the Elder Kai, which results in a 'perfect fusion', creating Vegito.[25] The other method is by performing the Metamorese Fusion Dance, which creates Gogeta.[26]


Plot overview

Originally named Kakarotto (カカロット, Kakarotto, addressed as Kakarot in the English anime and spelled Kakarrot in the English manga),[27][28] Goku is born a member of a fictional race of extraterrestrials called Saiyans. Shortly following his birth, Goku is sent from his home, a fictional planet named Vegeta, to prepare Earth for sale on the intergalactic market by destroying all its life.[29] Due to an injury to his head that caused him severe amnesia, Goku forgets his purpose, and instead focuses on becoming stronger for little more than the pleasure of it.[29] In the beginning of the series, Goku meets a highly intelligent 16-year-old teenage girl named Bulma, the desert bandit Yamcha, and two shapeshifters named Oolong and Puar. He also encounters one of his closest friends, Krillin, and others during his training. Participating in various martial arts tournaments, Goku also battles foes-turned-allies such as Tien Shinhan and Chiaotzu, as well as Piccolo Daimao's offspring of the same name.

During his early adulthood, Goku meets his older brother, Raditz, an encounter that results in his death. Following the wish for his revival from the Dragon Balls, Goku continues to face other enemies linked to his heritage, such as Vegeta and Frieza, whose actions force him to transform into a Super Saiyan. After his encounter with Frieza, the focus on Goku's past is shifted away, as new enemies are introduced as threats to the fictional universe. As the series continues, Goku trains his first child, Gohan, to be his successor. When the androids appear, Goku contracts the heart virus that Future Trunks warns him about earlier. Later on, Goku sacrifices himself during the battle against the evil life form Cell, leaving Gohan to succeed him. Goku returns to Earth from the afterlife seven years later and meets his second child, Son Goten. Shortly after, he participates in the next martial arts tournament, however he is drawn into a battle for the universe against an extraterrestrial named Majin Buu. Goku also battles Vegeta after he is taken under control by Babidi. Later on, Goku kills Buu with his Genki Dama technique. During the martial arts tournament held ten years after Buu's defeat, Goku meets Buu's human reincarnation, Uub, and takes off with him, in the end of the story, intending to train him as another successor.

In the anime Dragon Ball GT, which begins seven years after Goku meets Uub, Goku is transformed back into a child with a wish made by Emperor Pilaf using the Black Star Dragon Balls. Shortly after he, Trunks, and Pan all take a trip around the universe to locate the Black Star Dragon Balls and return them to Earth. Goku later battles the evil Baby, Super Android 17 and the evil shadow dragons. His final challenge is against Omega Shenron, who he eventually kills using the Genki Dama. Goku leaves with the original form of Shenron, only to appear 100 years later at the next martial arts tournament as an adult once more, where he is observing the battle between his descendant (Son Goku Jr.) and Vegeta's descendant. Goku's granddaughter Pan spots him, but he quickly departs.

Voice actors

In the original Japanese anime developed by Toei Animation, Goku was voiced by Masako Nozawa. [citation needed] In various dubs of the anime however, the voice acting for Goku and many other characters have changed as a result of the series changing dubbing studios and requiring recasting:

In Harmony Gold USA's dub of Dragon Ball, Goku was voiced by Barbara Goodson, and he was re-named Zero.[citation needed]

In BLT Productions' dub of Dragon Ball, Goku was voiced by Saffron Henderson.[30]

In the Ocean Group's first dub of Dragon Ball Z, Goku was voiced initially by Ian James Corlett and later by Peter Kelamis. In the Ocean Group's second dub of Dragon Ball Z, Goku was initially voiced again by Peter Kelamis and later by Kirby Morrow[31][32]

In Funimation Entertainment's dub of the Dragon Ball movies Sleeping Princess in Devil's Castle and Mystical Adventure, Goku was voiced by Ceyli Delgadillo. For Funimation's dub of the entire Dragon Ball franchise however, Goku has been voiced by Stephanie Nadolny as a child and Sean Schemmel as an adult.[33]

In Blue Water Studios' dub of Dragon Ball and Dragon Ball GT, Goku was voiced by Zoe Slusar as child,[citation needed] Jeffrey Watson as an adult in Dragon Ball,[citation needed] and Jeremiah Yurk as an adult in Dragon Ball GT.[citation needed]

In the English edition of the video game Dragon Ball GT: Final Bout, Goku was voiced by Brianne Siddall[citation needed] as a child and Steven Jay Blum[citation needed] as an adult.

Appearances in other media

Film

Goku has made several appearances in other media including, but not limited to, an unofficial Chinese live-action film based on Curse of the Blood Rubies.[citation needed] The movie was produced by Tai Seng video entertainment in 1989 and the main character, Monkey Boy, played by Chen Zi Qiang, is based on Goku.[citation needed] He is also featured in a unofficial Korean live-action film where he was portrayed by child actor Heo Seong-Tae. Goku also appears in the 2009 20th Century Fox feature Dragonball Evolution where he is portrayed by actor Justin Chatwin.[34]

Video games

Goku appears in virtually every Dragon Ball licensed electronic game to date. He is also featured in various crossover games. He appears in the Famicom games Famicom Jump: Hero Retsuden and Famicon Jump II: Saikyō no Shichinin, including the Nintendo DS games Jump Super Stars and Jump Ultimate Stars. In 1992, Goku would be featured in the interactive Videkko game Dragon Ball Z: Get Together! Goku World.[35] Here Goku and gang would travel back in time to review events in the Dragon Ball timeline. Even interacting with his younger self. In 2006, he is featured in the Dragon Ball Z/One Piece/Naruto crossover game Battle Stadium D.O.N. In December 2007, Goku, along with Naruto Uzumaki and Monkey D. Luffy, would make guest appearances in avatar form in the MMORPG Second Life for a Jump Festa promotion titled Jumpland@Second Life.[36] Goku makes an appearance in Dr. Slump and Arale-chan video game for the Nintendo DS.[37]

Music

Over the years Goku has been featured and mentioned in various songs. "Son Goku Song"[38] and "Gokū no Gokigen Jānī"[39] feature Goku as a child singing happily about himself. During his adult years the song "Aitsu wa Son Gokū" by Hironobu Kageyama, where Kageyama praises everything about Goku,[40] and the duet "Ore-tachi no Energy"[41] feature spoken words by the character.

Education

Goku has often been deemed a positive role model for children throughout Japan. In June 1988, Goku and other Dragon Ball characters were featured in two PSA shorts. The first short was entitled The Goku Traffic Safety (悟空の交通安全, Gokū no Kōtsū Anzen) where Goku is taught the importance of obeying traffic safety by others.[42] The second was called The Goku Fire Fighting Regiment (悟空の消防隊, Gokū no Shōbō-tai) where he teaches two children the importance of fire safety.[42]

Guest appearances

File:Son Goku and Kuniko Yamada.PNG
Goku's appearance on Yamada Katsute-nai Wink.

Goku has made guest appearances in various Japanese television shows and manga. He is a recurring character in another series by Toriyama, Dr. Slump. In 1990, Goku (in anime form) made a surprise appearance on Yamada Katsute-nai Wink (やまだかつてないWink). Here he uses the Dragon Balls to help J-Pop star and hostess Kuniko Yamada gain his abilities including the ability to execute a Kamehameha, which she playfully uses on him. In 2005, Goku appears in the Toriyama parody manga Neko Majin Z where he is the sensei of the main character Z.[43] On September 15, 2006, Goku, Vegeta, and Frieza would make a guest appearance in a chapter of the Kochikame manga Super Kochikame entitled Kochira Namek-Sei Dragon Kōen-mae Hashutsujo (こちらナメック星ドラゴン公園前派出所). Here Ryotsu Kankichi travels to Namek and issues Frieza a citation for parking his ship illegally.[44] Goku with the other Dragon Ball characters would teamup with the cast of One Piece in a crossover manga titled Cross Epoch.[45]

Parodies

Goku has often been the subject of various parodies over the years. In the episode Career Day of Takeshi's Castle, known in the United States as MXC, the hosts Beat Takeshi and Sonomanma Higashi were dressed as popular anime characters one was Kid Goku and the other was Doraemon. In the MXC dub of that episode, when asked about his Goku costume, the host replied "Who me, I'm dressed as a crackhead".[46] The Shonen Jump's Gag Special 2005 issue released on November 12, 2004, featured a Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo one-shot Dragon Ball parody manga. The manga was a humorous retelling of the battle between Goku and Vegeta in the Saiyan Saga. Jelly Jiggler was Goku and Don Patch was Vegeta.[47] In the episode Fire It Up! Abenobashi Hong Kong Combat Shopping Arcade of the Magical Shopping Arcade Abenobashi anime, character Sasshi Imamiya goes Super Saiyan much like Goku and fires a Kamehameha.[48] In the episode of the series Yakitate!! Japan titled Awaken!! Super Kuroyanagi! character Ryou Kuroyanagi eats some Super Toro Aburi bread causing him to transform into Super Kuroyanagi like Goku and a non-sequitur to take place where he fights character Kyousuke Kawachi as Frieza whose torso is in the form of a refrigerator freezer. Kuroyanagi would finish Kawachi with a parody of the Kamehameha. Later in the episode after eatting some Urchin-roe Chawanmushi bread, Kuroyanagi assends to Super Kuroyanagi 2 and Super Kuroyanagi 3.[49] In chapter #179 of the Yakitate!! Japan manga Kawachi would execute a Genki Dama parody called a Shinrai Dama (信頼玉, lit. "Trust Ball") on the character Katsuo.[50] For the release of single to the Dragonball Evolution international theme song "Rule" Toriyama suplied CD artwork of singer Ayumi Hamasaki dressed as Goku.[51]

Special events

Goku can also be considered a regular commodity for Fuji TV. In 2003 Goku would appear in the interactive feature entitled Kyutai Panic Adventure! (球体パニックアドベンチャー!, Kyūtai Panikku Adobenchā!, Orb Panic Adventure!) which was featured exclusively at the Fuji TV headquarters in the Kyutai or orb section. This features teamups of Goku, Luffy, and Astro Boy. Here Frieza attacks the visiting tourist by blasting the orb section free it from the rest of the Fuji TV building. Thus prompting Goku to do battle with Frieza over the real life aqua city of Odaiba.[52][53] This would be followed up with 2004's Kyūtai Panic Adventure Returns! (球体パニックアドベンチャーリターンズ!, Kyūtai Panikku Adobenchā Ritānzu!, Orb Panic Adventure Returns!), and features team-ups with Goku, Luffy, and Kochikame's Ryotsu Kankichi. This time One Piece villain Enel appears and attacks not only the orb section but also Odaiba. Forcing Goku to do battle with Enel, an tag-team with Luffy.[54]

On March 25, 2006 Goku and Frieza would both appear in an original animated short in the IQ Mirror Mistake 7 (ＩＱミラーまちがい７, Aikyū Mirā Machigai Nana) segment of the Japanese games show IQ Supplement (IQサプリ, IQ Sapuri, or IQ Supli). In the short, Goku stops Frieza from using the Namekian Dragon Balls. For the segment, contestants had to identify seven mistakes within the footage.[55]

File:Son Goku and Masaharu Miyake.PNG
Goku's appearance as a commentator at the 2007 Nippon Ijin Taishō.

On April 7, 2007, Goku and Fuji TV announcer Masaharu Miyake would be commentators to the anime segment in Nippon Ijin Taishō (日本偉人大賞, Japan Great Man Awards) titled Saikyō no Ijin ha Dare? (最強の偉人は誰？, Who is the Strongest Hero?). The segment featured a special tournament that was to decide who was the greatest person in Japanese history. During the intermission, Goku managed to plugged the then soon be released copies of the R2 Dragon Ball DVDs.[56]

American pop culture

Since his appearance in the United States in 1996, Goku has also struck a chord in American pop culture. He was featured in an issue of Wizard magazine which he was matched up in a hypothetical battle against Superman; Goku defeated Superman by transforming into a Super Saiyan and overpowering him with the Kamehameha.[57] The episode Chicken Ball Z from The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy is a parody of Dragon Ball Z. Mandy shares a striking resemblance to Super Saiyan Goku in this episode.[58] In the Codename: Kids Next Door episode Operation: R.E.P.O.R.T, Numbuh Four's version of the story is a spoof of the Goku and Frieza battle from Dragon Ball Z. Goku's Super Saiyan 3 form is also parodied.[59] Goku made a spoof appearance in Seth Green's Emmy Award winning stop motion series Robot Chicken. In the sketch entitled A Very Dragon Ball Z Christmas, Goku and Gohan fight an evil Mrs. Claus alongside Santa's reindeer, in an attempt to save Christmas.[60] The SNL sketch TV Funhouse titled Kobayashi depicts real life hot dog eating champion Takeru Kobayashi with ability to transform into a Super Saiyan parody as he prepares to eat hot dogs. Goku even makes a brief cameo near the end.[61]

Reception

Goku's character was well received by publications for manga, anime and other media. Anime News Network noted Goku to be a good part of the comedy of the series and remarked that after all events that happen to him he is still the same naive character.[62] THEM Anime Reviews noted him to be Goku is not the omnipowerful one in the first series unlike Dragon Ball Z, nor does he randomly disappear for long stretches of time between sagas. They also liked how the series tell all his adventures making him a good main character.[63] Rationalmagic.com praised Goku's innocence as one of the funniest parts of the series.[64] His journey and ever growing strength resulted in the character winning "the admiration of young boys everywhere".[65] He was also featured first in IGN's Top 25 Anime Characters of All Time.[66]

Several pieces of merchandising based on Goku has also been released including action figures,[67][68] plushes,[69][70] and keychains.[71] In 2005, The Daily Reader printed an article entitled "The Greatest Geek Movie Heroes of All Time". Goku is the only animated character on the list, coming in nine places after the winner.[72] Other manga artists, such as Naruto creator Masashi Kishimoto and One Piece creator Eiichiro Oda, have stated that Goku inspired their series' main protagonists.[73][74] In 2000, Goku placed third in an Animax poll of favorite anime characters.[75] In a survey conducted by Oricon in 2007 between 1,000 people, Goku ranked first place as the "Strongest Manga character of all time."[76] In the survey "friendship" developed by rankingjapan.com in which people had to choose what anime character they would like to have as a friend, Goku ranked fifth.[77] Masako Nozawa, the Japanese voice actor of Goku, has commented she liked when he lost his tail because that made him more normal but liked that the character was still the same in the end of the series.[78] Jackie Chan has gone on record stating that Goku is his favorite Dragon Ball character.[79]

The German rock band Son Goku takes their name from Goku. The band's front man Thomas D specifically chose the name as Goku embodies the band's philosophy. Stating he was "fascinated by Goku's naïveté and cheerfulness, yet, at the same time, a great warrior saving the world".[80]

References

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  15. ^ Jump Comics (1997). Dragon Ball GT: Perfect File 1. Dragon Ball (in Japanese). Shueisha. p. 6. ISBN 4-08-874089-0.
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  17. ^ Toriyama, Akira (January 15, 1986). "13 亀仙人のかめはめ波！！". ドラゴンボール危機一髪. Dragon Ball (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851832-2.
  18. ^ Toriyama, Akira (September 15, 1985). "4 亀仙人の筋斗雲". 孫悟空と仲間たち. Dragon Ball (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851831-4.
  19. ^ Toriyama, Akira (November 15, 1989). "224 孫悟空の静かな怒り". いそげ！孫悟空. Dragon Ball (in Japanese). Vol. 19. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851616-8.
  20. ^ Toriyama, Akira (November 15, 1991). "336 ３年後の賭け". 未来から来た少年. Dragon Ball (in Japanese). Vol. 28. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851418-1.
  21. ^ Toriyama, Akira (January 15, 1986). "22 悟空の大変身". ドラゴンボール危機一髪. Dragon Ball (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851832-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  22. ^ Toriyama, Akira. "166 それぞれの再会". さらなる飛躍. Dragon Ball (in Japanese). Vol. 14. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851611-7.
  23. ^ "くらえベビー！新生ウーブ必殺光線！！". Dragon Ball GT. Episode 33. January 15, 1997. Fuji TV. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |serieslink= ignored (|series-link= suggested) (help)
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  25. ^ Toriyama, Akira. "503 孫悟空最後の合体！！". バイバイ ドラゴンワールド. Dragon Ball (in Japanese). Vol. 26. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851090-9.
  26. ^ Dragon Ball Z: Fusion Reborn uncut movie (Media notes). Texas: Funimation. 2006. {{cite AV media notes}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |director= (help); Unknown parameter |publisherid= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |titlelink= ignored (|title-link= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |titleyear= ignored (help)
  27. ^ Toriyama, Akira (May 15, 1989). "195-204". かつてない恐怖. Dragon Ball (in Japanese). Vol. 17. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851614-1.
  28. ^ Toriyama, Akira (July 15, 1989). "205 あの世でファイト！！". 孫悟空とピッコロ大魔王. Dragon Ball (in Japanese). Vol. 18. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-851615-X.
  29. ^ a b Toriyama, Akira (February 25, 1996). Dragon Ball Daizenshu 7: Dragon Ball Encyclopedia. Dragon Ball (in Japanese). Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-782756-9.
  30. ^ Dragon Ball BLT Productions dub
  31. ^ Dragon Ball Z: Ocean Group dub
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  33. ^ Dragon Ball, Dragon Ball Z, and Dragon Ball GT Funimation dub
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  38. ^ (Media notes). {{cite AV media notes}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |Last=, |MBID=, and |First= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |Artist= ignored (|others= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Format= ignored (|format= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Language= ignored (|language= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Location= ignored (|location= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Name= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |PID= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |Publisher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Title= ignored (|title= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Type= ignored (|type= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Year= ignored (|year= suggested) (help)
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  40. ^ (Media notes). {{cite AV media notes}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |Last= and |First= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |Artist= ignored (|others= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Format= ignored (|format= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Language= ignored (|language= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Location= ignored (|location= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |MBID= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |Name= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |PID= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |Publisher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Title= ignored (|title= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Type= ignored (|type= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Year= ignored (|year= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ (Media notes). {{cite AV media notes}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |Last= and |First= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |Artist= ignored (|others= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Format= ignored (|format= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Language= ignored (|language= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Location= ignored (|location= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |MBID= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |Name= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |PID= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |Publisher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Title= ignored (|title= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Type= ignored (|type= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Year= ignored (|year= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ a b Dragon Ball DVD Box: DragonBox (Media notes) (in Japanese). Japan: Pony Canyon. 2004. {{cite AV media notes}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |director= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |publisherid= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |titlelink= ignored (|title-link= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |titleyear= ignored (help)
  43. ^ "『ネコマジンZ』ストーリーグイヅェスト" (Flash) (in Japanese). 〒101-8050 Tokyo-to, Chiyoda-ku Hitotsubashi 2-5-10: Shueisha. Retrieved June 5, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
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  45. ^ Toriyama, Akira (December 25, 2006). "Cross Epoch". Shonen Jump. Dragon Ball & One Piece (in Japanese) (4/5). 〒101-8050 Tokyo-to, Chiyoda-ku Hitotsubashi 2-5-10: Shueisha. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
  46. ^ "Career Day". MXC. Episode 52. March 24, 2005. Spike.
  47. ^ Sawai, Yoshio (w, a). "Dragon Ball" Shonen Jump Gag Special 2005, p. 2 (November 12, 2004). Japan: Shueisha.
  48. ^ "Fire It Up! Abenobashi Hong Kong Combat Shopping Arcade". Magical Shopping Arcade Abenobashi. Season 1. Episode 4. February 9, 2005. G4.
  49. ^ "Awaken!! Super Kuroyanagi!". Yakitate!! Japan. Season 1. Episode 55. November 22, 2005.
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  56. ^ "日本偉人大賞2007". Saturday April 7, 2007 9:08 PM. Fuji TV. {{cite episode}}: Check date values in: |airdate= (help); Missing or empty |series= (help)
  57. ^ The Wizard Staff (2002). "E@st Vs. West: Goku Vs Superman". Wizard Magazine (133): 64. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  58. ^ "Chicken Ball Z". The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy. Season 2. Episode 16b. August 15, 2003. Cartoon Network. {{cite episode}}: Text "Chicken Ball Z" ignored (help)
  59. ^ "Operation R.E.P.O.R.T.". Codename: Kids Next Door. Season 2. Episode 22a. December 5, 2003. Cartoon Network. {{cite episode}}: Text "Operation: R.E.P.O.R.T." ignored (help)
  60. ^ "Easter Basket". Robot Chicken. Season 2. Episode 23. April 16, 2006. Cartoon Network. {{cite episode}}: Text "Easter Basket" ignored (help)
  61. ^ "Kobayashi". Saturday TV Funhouse. Episode 93. November 11, 2006. NBC. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  62. ^ Divers, Allen (2001-11-18). "Dragon Ball (manga) Graphic Novel vol 5". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
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  64. ^ "Dragon Ball Volume 1 review". Rationalmagic.com. Retrieved 2008-10-03.
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  67. ^ "Dragonball Z BanDai Hybrid Action Mega Articulated 4 Inch Action Figure Goku". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  68. ^ "Super saiyan goku dragon ball z 4"" ultimate collction f". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  69. ^ "Dragon Ball Z DBZ GOKU 13" Plush Toy". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  70. ^ "Dragon Ball 5" Son Goku Plush". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  71. ^ "Goku & Tenkaichi Budokai - Dragonball Twin Figure Keychain (Japanese Imported)". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
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  73. ^ Kishimoto, Masashi (2007). Uzumaki: the Art of Naruto. Viz Media. pp. 138–139. ISBN 1-4215-1407-9.
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  79. ^ Toriyama, Akira (June 25, 1995). "I Love DragonBall #1: Jackie Chan". Dragon Ball Daizenshu: Complete Illustration (in Japanese). Shueisha. p. 7. ISBN 4-08-782754-2.
  80. ^ Munichx.de:. "Thomas D. und Bertil Mark im Interview" (in German). Retrieved January 14, 2008. so fasziniert, aufgrund seiner Naivität und Frohsinns und gleichzeitig wurde er zum großen Kämpfer und rettet die Welt.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
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