Blue Line (CTA)
| Blue Line | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 A Blue Line train in the Damen station | |||
| Overview | |||
| Status | Operational | ||
| Owner | Chicago Transit Authority | ||
| Locale | Chicago Oak Park, Forest Park | ||
| Termini |
| ||
| Stations | 33 | ||
| Service | |||
| Type | Rapid transit | ||
| System | Chicago 'L' | ||
| Services |
| ||
| Operator(s) | Chicago Transit Authority | ||
| Rolling stock | 2200-Series, 2600-Series | ||
| History | |||
| Opened | 1899 | ||
| Technical | |||
| Line length | Template:Mi to km | ||
| Character | Underground and Elevated | ||
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) | ||
| |||
The Blue Line consists of a 19.5 miles (31.4 km) long trunk line in the Chicago Transit Authority's rapid transit system which extends through Chicago's Loop from O'Hare International Airport at the far northwest end of the city, through downtown via the Milwaukee-Dearborn-Congress subway, and across the West Side to its southwest end at Forest Park (Congress). It is the CTA's second busiest rail line, with an average weekday ridership of 154,012 as of October 2009.[1] The route's full length is 34.6 miles (55.7 km) with a total of 34 stations.[citation needed]
The Blue Line and Red Line are the only two routes on the CTA rail system to currently run 24 hours a day. Service to 54th/Cermak no longer operates. The CTA Pink Line serves all stations on the 54th and Cermak branch.[2] The Blue Line is also the only line with more than one station with the same name. It has two Harlem stations: one in the Kennedy Expressway on the Northwest side, and one on the south side of the Eisenhower Expressway on the West Side. It also has two Western stations: one on the O'Hare Branch and one on the Congress branch.
The Blue Line was formerly called the West-Northwest route or more commonly, the O'Hare-Congress-Douglas route for its three branches. The Congress and Douglas branches were renamed for their respective terminals, Forest Park and 54th/Cermak, when the current color naming system was adopted in 1993, however many Chicago historians and expert 'L' riders still refer to the old route names. As of May 2008, Blue Line service to 54/Cermak no longer operates, it has been replaced with the new Pink Line.[2]
Routing
O'Hare Branch
The O'Hare Branch is the longest section of the Blue Line (14.6 miles (23.5 km)) and comprises the oldest and newest segments of the entire route. It begins at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport underneath the main parking garage. It runs in subway to a portal location in the airport grounds then climbs to the surface in the median of the Kennedy Expressway (Interstate 190) about a mile (1.6 km) west of Mannheim Road. The rapid transit line follows the Kennedy east through Rosemont then tunnels beneath the Kennedy Expressway/Northwest Tollway interchange near the Des Plaines River and continues in the median of the Kennedy Expressway (now Interstate 90) east and southeast towards the city to another subway portal just south of Addison Street. The line then runs in a short subway connection (built in 1970) under Kimball and Milwaukee Avenues through Logan Square to another portal. Here, the line climbs onto elevated structure paralleling Milwaukee Avenue (built in 1895) and continuing southeast towards downtown Chicago.[citation needed]
Milwaukee-Dearborn-Congress Subway
After the Damen station, Blue Line trains drops into Chicago's second subway route, continuing southeast under Milwaukee Avenue, east under Lake Street (crossing beneath the Chicago River) south under Dearborn Street (through the central business district) and west under Congress Parkway (and a second river crossing) to a portal near Halsted Street. It emerges from underground now occupying the median of the Eisenhower Expressway (Interstate 290) and continues west. The line used to split into two branches, the Forest Park Branch (Congress Branch) and the 54/Cermak (Douglas Branch) until April 27, 2008, when the 54/Cermak Branch was discontinued, in favor of the Pink Line.[citation needed]
A downtown superstation has been proposed to provide express service from the Loop to O'Hare and Midway Airport, via the Blue and Orange Line. The station would provide services such as baggage check. However, budget issues plague the operation and have prevented construction.[3]
Congress Branch
The Congress Branch begins at Des Plaines Avenue in Forest Park (7650 W. - 700 S.). It runs eastward towards the city following CSX Transportation tracks across Des Plaines Avenue on elevated structure on the north side of the Eisenhower Expressway (Interstate 290), then curves over the expressway to the south side of the right-of-way and tunnels beneath the CSX tracks. The Congress tracks then continues on the surface between the railroad tracks and the expressway in the south half of the combined and below surface level right-of-way from there, through Oak Park. The Harlem, Oak Park, and Austin stations are located in this section. Near Central Avenue, the Congress Branch tunnels beneath the eastbound expressway lanes and continues east at grade in the median of the Eisenhower Expressway through the west side of Chicago, stopping at Cicero, Pulaski, Kedzie-Homan, Western, and Illinois Medical District. Leaving IMD station, the Congress tracks widens to allow the Douglas Branch elevated structure to connect with the median of the expressway. The Congress (Forest Park) Branch merges with the former Douglas (54th/Cermak) Branch before Racine station, where both continue east to the Loop and the Northwest Side as the O'Hare Branch.[citation needed]
Former Branches
Douglas Branch
The Douglas Branch begins at 54th Avenue and Cermak Road in Cicero (5400 W. - 2200 S.). The line runs east on street level right-of-way just north of and parallel to Cermak Road from the terminal to about a quarter-mile (400 m) east of Cicero Avenue, then diagonals northeast until it reaches a corridor parallel and adjacent to 21st Street at Kostner Avenue. It then continues east between 21st Street and Cullerton Street, climbing up from surface level to elevated structure, through the North Lawndale, Little Village, and Pilsen neighborhoods of Chicago, with stops at Kostner, Pulaski, Central Park, Kedzie, California, Western and Damen. The line turns north near Paulina Street stopping at 18th and Polk Streets then curves east over the Eisenhower Expressway (Interstate 290). The Douglas tracks ramps down to the surface of the median of the expressway and joins the Congress (Forest Park) Branch just before the Racine station, where both continue east towards the Loop and the Northwest Side as the O'Hare Branch. Douglas branch service ended on April 27, 2008.
Douglas Branch reroute (Pink Line)
In January 2005, the CTA held hearings on its proposal to reroute much of the Douglas Branch service via the recently rebuilt Paulina Connector to the Lake Street Green Line, carrying Douglas trains to and around the elevated Chicago Loop (clockwise) for the first time since Douglas trains began using the Milwaukee-Dearborn-Congress Subway in downtown Chicago in 1958. It was the first stage of what became the "Pink Line". This would have allowed a doubling of Blue Line trains to Forest Park on the Congress Branch, since service would no longer be divided between the Forest Park and 54/Cermak terminals. Due to community fears that the Pink Line would not be enough, however, the CTA has promised that 54th/Cermak-bound Blue Line service would remain in service during weekday rush hours,[citation needed] although there is no mention of this on the CTA website.
On February 15, 2006, the CTA approved the separate operation of the Douglas Branch plan. All non-rush hour trains would all be routed via the Loop, Green Line, and Paulina Connector. During rush hour, service is available on this routing as well as the original route via the Milwaukee-Dearborn-Congress Subway. These changes were scheduled to be implemented for a 180-day trial period beginning June 25, 2006, and after their evaluation in early 2007, the Pink Line remained in service.[citation needed]
Douglas branch closing
On April 27, 2008, the CTA began a six-month experimental ceasing of Blue Line operations on the Douglas Branch. Despite maintaining that the service cut was an experiment, the CTA obcured Blue Line stations' "54th/Cermak" signage with paint rather than temporary covering. All Douglas Branch operations are now served by the Pink Line.[4] On December 4, 2008 CTA announced its decision to not reinstate Douglas Blue Line service and to make the Pink Line permanent.[5]
Operating Fleet
Currently, the Blue Line is operated with Budd-built 2200-Series and 2600-Series rail cars which were delivered in 1969 and 1970 and 1981 through 1987. These cars are typically trained together because the older 2200-Series cars have "blinker doors" that open inward and are not ADA compatible. They are scheduled for retirement in 2011 when the rest of the new 5000-Series cars are delivered.[citation needed]
Train consists range from 8 cars during the weekdays, and 4 cars during the weekends, except during special events.[citation needed]
History
The most vintage components of the Blue Line began as part of the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad in 1895. The first section to be built by this company extended west in the vicinity of Van Buren Street from an independent downtown terminal at Franklin and Jackson Streets to Marshfield Avenue, and thence northward in the vicinity of Paulina Street to Damen and Milwaukee Avenues. Service on this section was started May 6, 1895. The structure was completed from Damen Avenue to Logan Square on May 25, 1895.[citation needed]
The next stage in the development of the West Side 'L' came on June 17, 1895, when the Garfield Park Branch was added, extending west in the vicinity of Van Buren Street and Harrison Street from Marshfield Avenue to Cicero Avenue. An extension of service over the tracks of the Aurora, Elgin and Chicago Railroad to a new terminal at Forest Park was established on March 11, 1905. A subsequent extension to Westchester opened on October 1, 1926.[6] (Service on the Westchester extension was discontinued by the CTA on December 9, 1951.[6])
Another branch line was added to the rapidly growing Metropolitan System on July 29, 1895, when trains began operating over the Humboldt Park Branch, paralleling North Avenue from Damen Avenue to a terminal at Lawndale Avenue. (The route was discontinued on May 3, 1952.[7]) This was followed by still another addition when the Douglas Park Branch was placed in operation as far south as 18th Street on April 28, 1896.[8]
As the southwest area of the city developed, the Douglas Park Branch was extended from 18th Street to Western Avenue in September 1896; to Pulaski Road in June, 1902; to Cicero Avenue in December 1907; to Central Avenue in August, 1912; to 62nd Avenue in August, 1915, and to Oak Park Avenue in Berwyn on March 16, 1924. The present west terminal of the Douglas Branch is 54th Avenue, Cicero. [citation needed]
The Metropolitan West Side Elevated began service around the Union Loop on October 11, 1897, and a rush period stub terminal at Wells Street was added October 3, 1904. For much of the early twentieth century and through the 1940s, service on the West Side Elevated lines went unchanged until the Chicago Transit Authority took control of Chicago's Rapid Transit System in October, 1947, initiating a series of massive service curtailments and station closings (that would last until the 1980s).[citation needed]
On February 25, 1951, Chicago's second subway route (#2), Milwaukee-Dearborn-Congress, was placed in operation by CTA, connecting the Milwaukee Avenue elevated route (formerly Logan Square) with the Central Business District on a fast, efficient and more direct routing through the heart of the city. With opening of the Dearborn Subway, the old elevated alignment between Evergreen and Marshfield Avenues was therefore closed and used only for moving out-of-service rail cars. The north section of this connection between Evergreen Avenue and Lake Street was subsequently demolished in 1960s, leaving the Lake Street Branch-to-Douglas Branch section or the "Paulina Connector" still in existence.[citation needed]
The Garfield Park elevated was replaced by the Congress route on June 22, 1958, pioneering the world's first use of rail rapid transit and a multi-lane automobile expressway in the same grade-separated right-of-way. (Pacific Electric Railway "Red Car" tracks ran in the median of the Cahuenga Parkway in Los Angeles from 1944 until its expansion into the Hollywood Freeway in 1954, but the Pacific Electric service was an interurban streetcar rather than true rapid transit.) It connects with the Milwaukee-Dearborn-Congress Subway at the Chicago River and extends westward to Des Plaines Avenue, Forest Park. An incline connection en route permits Douglas trains to operate through the subway as well. Thus, in June 1958, the second through service in Chicago was created, the West-Northwest route.[citation needed]
A five-mile extension of the route via the short subway connection and the Kennedy Expressway median between Logan Square and Jefferson Park was added on February 1, 1970. It was also built by the City of Chicago using federal monies. From Logan Square, trains veers off of the old elevated structure and enters the subway under Milwaukee and Kedzie Avenues to a portal just south of Addison Street, then continues northwest in the median of the Kennedy Expressway to the temporary terminal at Jefferson Park. In January, 1979, construction began on the O'Hare Airport extension of the Kennedy route between Jefferson Park and the airport. The first section between Jefferson Park and Rosemont was placed in service on February 27, 1983, and the final section to O'Hare International Airport on September 4, 1984.[citation needed]
In 1993, the Chicago Transit Authority adopted a color-coded naming system to the rapid transit system, and the West-Northwest route (OHare-Congress/Douglas) became the Blue Line. On April 26, 1998, the Douglas Branch lost its overnight (owl) and weekend service and began operating between 4 a.m. (04:00) and 1 a.m. (01:00) on weekdays only as a result of funding shortages requiring CTA cut services. Congress (Forest Park) service was effectively doubled through much of the day since service frequency from O'Hare required shorter headways than what would have been left.[citation needed]
One reason for the Douglas Branch reduction in service was due to its low ridership, badly deteriorated condition, and funding problems, while many residents in the communities it runs through had claimed that it was just another attempt by the CTA to deter transit service on the West Side.[citation needed]
In September 2001, the CTA began a historic reconstruction of the Douglas Branch to repair its aging infrastructure. The work was officially completed on January 5, 2005 with new elevated structures, track, stations, new communiciation networks and an upgraded traction power system along the route. On January 1, 2005, weekend service was restored.[citation needed]
On July 11, 2006, a rear derailment caused a smokey fire in the Blue Line's Milwaukee-Dearborn-Congress Subway. There were injuries from smoke inhalation, but no fatalities. The comparatively minor incident prompted heavy news coverage and a temporary stoppage of Chicago subway service because it occurred hours after train bombings in Mumbai earlier the same day.[citation needed]
Expansion
For the past twenty years, there had been talk of extending the O'Hare branch of the Blue Line westward to Schaumburg, but this has recently been changed with the recent developments involving the planning of the Metra STAR Line and various other transportation projects.
However, in 2008, the Regional Transit Authority revealed a plan to possibly expand commuter rail and bus service to the RTA board, which included a 13.3 miles (21.4 km) extension of the Blue Line on an east-west route from its current western terminus at Forest Park to as far west as the Yorktown shopping center in DuPage County. Several feeder bus routes would also be implemented along the route in order to supplement ridership and increase usefulness. The prospect of this extension was also listed in the Chicago region's 2030 long-term master plan.[9]
Points of interest
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The Blue Line serves as a vital link to various airline destinations from the O'Hare International Airport (O'Hare), Rosemont Convention Center and Allstate Arena (Rosemont), the Gateway Theatre, James R. Thompson Center (Clark/Lake), City Hall-Cook County Building and the Richard J. Daley Center (Washington), Bank One Plaza (Monroe), the Federal Center Buildings (Jackson), La Salle Street Metra Station (La Salle), Amtrak and Metra Union Station, Main Post Office and Greyhound Lines station (Clinton), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC-Halsted and Racine), UIC Pavilion (Racine) Cook County Hospital, Malcolm X College and the United Center (Illinois Medical District), Oak Park (Austin and Oak Park), and Forest Park (Harlem and Forest Park) among others and several outlying Metra train stations (Jefferson Park, and Irving Park).
Station listing
See also
References
- ^ http://www.transitchicago.com/assets/1/ridership_reports/2009-10.pdf Monthly Ridership Report October 2009
- ^ a b Chicago Transit Authority - Blue Line service change
- ^ CTA | Chicago Transit Authority - CTA Press Releases
- ^ Blue line's Cermak branch to get cut :: CHICAGO SUN-TIMES :: Transportation
- ^ http://www.transitchicago.com/news/ctaandpress.wu?action=displayarticledetail&articleid=110385%20
- ^ a b "Westchester branch". Chicago-L.org. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
- ^ "Humboldt Park branch". Chicago-L.org. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
- ^ "Douglas branch". Chicago-L.org. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
- ^ Cook-DuPage corridor project would extend Blue Line - Travel, Midway Airport, Chicago Transit Authority - chicagotribune.com