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Inception
File:Inception poster.jpg
Theatrical poster
Directed byChristopher Nolan
Written byChristopher Nolan
Produced byChristopher Nolan
Emma Thomas
StarringLeonardo DiCaprio
Ken Watanabe
Joseph Gordon-Levitt
Marion Cotillard
Ellen Page
Tom Hardy
Cillian Murphy
Dileep Rao
Tom Berenger
Michael Caine
CinematographyWally Pfister
Edited byLee Smith
Music byHans Zimmer[1]
Production
companies
Distributed byWarner Bros. Pictures
Release date
July 16, 2010 (2010-07-16)
Running time
148 minutes[2]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$160 million[3]

Inception is a 2010 science fiction action film written, produced and directed by Christopher Nolan. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, with a supporting cast that includes Ken Watanabe, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Marion Cotillard, Ellen Page, Cillian Murphy, Tom Hardy, Tom Berenger, Dileep Rao and Michael Caine. Inception was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters on July 16, 2010 in North America and the UK.[4]

Plot

The film opens with Cobb (Leonardo DiCaprio) unconscious on a beach. He is found by an armed guard and brought into the chamber of an elderly man, who speaks to him cryptically. Cobb is carrying a small metal "totem" and a gun with him.

The plot cuts back to reveal a crime inside a dream, performed by Cobb and his team, including a "point man", Arthur (Joseph Gordon-Levitt) and an "architect" named Nash (Lukas Haas) who crafts and maintains the balance of the dream world. They are inside the mind of Saito (Ken Watanabe), who, unbeknownst to them, is aware of their deception and is "auditioning" them for his own crime.

The rules of the dream world are explained: if an individual is hurt in the dream world, they will experience pain in a very real sense. But if they die in the dream, they will merely wake up.

The team and Saito are brought back to the real world (in England), where they are joined by a mysterious device in a briefcase that injects "compounds" into their systems, lulling them into a shared dream experience. The team escapes with the appearance of having eluded capture by Saito, but Cobb and Arthur are confronted by Saito when attempting to leave the country. Saito convinces Cobb to take the job of "inception" (the implantation of a though within a persons mind) by offering him a way to go home to his children.

Cobb recruits Eames (Tom Hardy), a forger who can shift his identity inside a dream. As well as a new architect, a student named Ariadne (Ellen Page), who appears to be all but a prodigy at constructing dreams. While inside Cobb's mind, she sees and slowly comes to understand what is haunting him: a vision of his deceased wife Mal (Marion Cotillard) that continuously disrupts his dream world.

The team's target for inception is Robert Fischer Jr. (Cillian Murphy), son of a late corporate rival. The idea is a complex emotional suggestion that will ultimately lead Fischer to disband his father's empire. To achieve their goal, Cobb's team will have to pass down through several levels, each a "dream" within the last. Time slows down with each level, as in 5 minutes of real time would equal an hour in the first dream, 10 hours in the next, and so on.

Because of the drugs used, and the depth of the dreams there is state of limbo that will be entered if a person dies within this particular dream experience. The time within limbo is compounded so drastically that even a few moments of real time could seem to be decades.

We learn that Cobb and Mal spent many years in the limbo state, before coming back to reality as their "younger" original selves. They clung to "totems", tiny objects carried to remind the dreamer of their state. Mal's totem (which is now carried by Cobb) was in the opening scene and appears frequently. He suggests that in his dreams, it spins indefinitely.

Mal suffered a psychological breakdown after waking from limbo, convinced that the real world was still to come after her death. She leapt out a window with Cobb watching but unable to intervene, leaving the police a letter indicating her depression, and his supposed guilt. Cobb subsequently fled the country.

The team boards a Boeing 747 transporting Fischer, drugging him without his knowledge, and entering into a dream with him. They have help from Yusuf (Dileep Rao), the chemist who developed the compounds specific to the deep dream state they are attempting. Inside the first level, the team locates Fischer and kidnaps him only to be assaulted by a his trained subconscious. Saito is injured badly, but not allowed to die for fear he would lose his mind within the limbo state. Eventually the team pushes down into the next dream level (while inside a moving van). The second level is a hotel where the team lulls Fischer into their confidence, and convinces him that he must find out why his own right-hand man is turning against him. The third and final level is a mountainous compound where the "secret" is stored, and Fischer must break in to find it.

During the attempt to break in, Fishcher is killed by Cobb's projection of his dead wife, and is lost into the limbo state. Cobb and Ariadne follow him down in an attempt to salvage the mission. They are confronted by Mal, but are able to return Fischer to the mountain compound. During this time Saito has died, and Cobb remains behind in the limbo state to locate him and bring him back. When Cobb finds Saito he is now an old man, and the context of the opening scene is revealed.

Everyone wakes up, alive and well. As per his deal with the powerful Saito, Cobb is given leeway to re-enter the United States. He is reunited with his children. The final shot shows his totem, in mid-spin, beginning to wobble. The scene then cuts to black, leaving it up the viewer to decide if it's a dream or reality.

Cast

  • Leonardo DiCaprio as Dom Cobb, the Extractor - a man who specializes in subconscious security, but steals his clients' ideas. [5]
  • Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Arthur, the Point Man - the person responsible for researching the team's targets.[6][7]
  • Ellen Page as Ariadne, the Architect - a college graduate student who constructs the world of the dream.[8]
  • Tom Hardy as Eames, the Forger - a sharp-tongued team member who impersonates the target within the dream world and forge an identity in a physical form.[9]
  • Marion Cotillard as Mallorie "Mal" Cobb, the Shade - Cobb's deceased wife, who manifests in the dreamscape beyond Cobb's control.[5]
  • Cillian Murphy as Robert Fischer, Jr., the Mark - the heir to a business empire and Dom's latest client and target.[10]
  • Ken Watanabe as Saito, the Tourist - a businessman who employs Cobb.[11][6]
  • Tom Berenger as Peter Browning, Robert's godfather.[1][6]
  • Dileep Rao as Yusuf, the Chemist - the team member who formulates the drugs needed to enter the dream world.[12]
  • Pete Postlethwaite as Maurice Fischer, Robert's dying father.[12]
  • Lukas Haas as Nash[13]
  • Michael Caine as Miles, Cobb's mentor, teacher, and father-in-law, and Ariadne's college professor. Miles is also the guardian of Cobb's children.[14]
  • Talulah Riley as Blonde[15]

Development

Inception was first developed by Christopher Nolan, based on the notion of "exploring the idea of people sharing a dream space - entering a dream space and sharing a dream. That gives you the ability to access somebody’s unconscious mind. What would that be used and abused for?"[16] Furthermore, he thought "being able to extract information from somebody’s brain would be the obvious use of that because obviously any other system where it’s computers or physical media, whatever – things that exist outside the mind – they can all be stolen ... up until this point, or up until this movie I should say, the idea that you could actually steal something from somebody’s head was impossible. So that, to me, seemed a fascinating abuse or misuse of that kind of technology".[16] He had thought about these ideas on and off since he was 16 years old, intrigued by how he would wake up and then, while falling back into a lighter sleep, hold on to the awareness that he was dreaming, a lucid dream. He also became aware of the feeling that he could study the place and alter the events of the dream.[17] He said, "I tried to work that idea of manipulation and management of a conscious dream being a skill that these people have. Really the script is based on those common, very basic experiences and concepts, and where can those take you? And the only outlandish idea that the film presents, really, is the existence of a technology that allows you to enter and share the same dream as someone else".[17] Harvard University dream researcher Deirdre Barrett points out that Nolan did not get every detail accurate to real dreams, but that films which really do that "... tend to have illogical, rambling, disjointed plots which wouldn’t make for a great thriller. But he did get many aspects right", she said, citing the scene in which a sleeping DiCaprio is shoved into a full bath and water starts gushing into the windows of the building he is dreaming, waking him up. "That's very much how real stimuli get incorporated, and you very often wake up right after that intrusion."[18]

Screenplay

Originally, he had envisioned Inception as a horror film[19] but eventually wrote it as a heist film even though he found that "traditionally [they] are very deliberately superficial in emotional terms".[17] Initially, Nolan wrote an 80-page treatment about dream-stealers.[19] Upon revisiting his script, he decided that basing it in that genre did not work because the story "relies so heavily on the idea of the interior state, the idea of dream and memory. I realized I needed to raise the emotional stakes".[17] Nolan worked on the script for nine to ten years.[16] When he first started thinking about making the film, the director was influenced by "that era of movies where you had The Matrix, you had Dark City, you had The Thirteenth Floor and, to a certain extent, you had Memento, too. They were based in the principles that the world around you might not be real".[17] He first pitched the film to Warner Bros. in 2001 but in retrospect felt that he needed more experience making large scale films like Batman Begins and The Dark Knight.[20] He soon realized that a film like Inception needed a large budget because "as soon as you’re talking about dreams, the potential of the human mind is infinite. And so the scale of the film has to feel infinite. It has to feel like you could go absolutely anywhere by the end of the film. And it has to work on a massive scale".[20] After making The Dark Knight, Nolan decided to make Inception and spent six months completing the script.[20] For the director, the key to completing the script was wondering what would happen if several people shared the same dream. He said, "Once you remove the privacy, you’ve created an infinite number of alternative universes in which people can meaningfully interact, with validity, with weight, with dramatic consequences".[21]

Leonardo DiCaprio was the first actor to be cast in the film.[16] Nolan had been trying to work with the actor for years and met him several times but was unable to convince him to appear in any of his films until Inception. DiCaprio finally agreed because he was "intrigued by this concept - this dream-heist notion and how this character's gonna unlock his dreamworld and ultimately affect his real life".[22] He read the script and found it to be "very well written, comprehensive but you really had to have Chris in person, to try to articulate some of the things that have been swirling around his head for the last eight years".[20] He and Nolan spent months talking about the screenplay. Nolan took a long time re-writing the script in order "to make sure that the emotional journey of his character was the driving force of the movie".[16]

Production

On February 11, 2009, it was announced that Warner Bros. purchased Inception, a spec script written by Nolan.[23] Principal photography for the film in Tokyo on June 19, 2009 for the scene where Saito first hired Cobb.[19][24] The production moved to England and shot in Cardington, a converted airship hanger north of London,England.[25] It was there that long hotel corridor able to rotate a full 360 degrees to create the effect of zero gravity for scenes where dream-sector physics become chaotic was constructed by production designer Guy Hendrix Dyas, special effects supervisor Chris Corbould, and cinematographer Wally Pfister. The filmmakers originally planned to make the hallway 40-feet long but as the action sequence became more elaborate, the hallway's length grew to 100 feet. The corridor was suspended along eight large concentric rings that were spaced equidistantly outside its walls and powered by two massive electric motors.[25] One of the film's actors, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, spent several weeks learning to fight in a corridor that spun like "a giant hamster wheel".[17] Nolan said of the device, "It was like some incredible torture device; we thrashed Joseph for weeks, but in the end we looked at the footage, and it looks unlike anything any of us has seen before. The rhythm of it is unique, and when you watch it, even if you know how it was done, it confuses your perceptions. It's unsettling in a wonderful way".[17] Gordon-Levitt remembered, "it was six-day weeks of just, like, coming home at night fuckin' battered ... The light fixtures on the ceiling are coming around on the floor, and you have to choose the right time to cross through them, and if you don't, you're going to fall.[26] On July 15, 2009, filming took place at University College London library. The signage of the library was altered to French to imitate a bibliothèque.[19]

Filming moved to Paris, France where they shot the pivotal scene between Adiadne and Cobb at a bistro.[27] For the explosion that takes place during this scene, the local authorities would not allow the actual use of explosives. The production used high-pressure nitrogen to create the effect of a series of explosions. Pfister used six cameras to capture the sequence from different angles and made sure that they got the shot. The visual effects department enhanced the sequence, adding more destruction and flying debris.[27] The next location that the production traveled to was Tangiers which doubled for Mombassa, where Cobb hires Eames and Yusuf. A foot chase was shot in the streets and alleyways of the historica Grand Souk.[28] To capture this sequence, Pfister employed a mix of handheld camera and Steadicam work.[29]

Filming moved to the Los Angeles, California area where some sets were built on a Warner Bros. soundstage, including the interior rooms of Saito's Japanese-style castle. The dining room was inspired by the Nijo Castle built around 1603. These sets were inspired by a mix of Japanese architecture and Western influences.[29] The production also staged a multi-vehicle car chase on the streets of downtown L.A. and this also involved bringing a freight train down the middle of a street.[30] To do this, the filmmakers configured a train engine on the chassis of a tractor trailer. The replica was made from fiberglass molds taken from authentic train parts and then matched in terms of color and design.[31]

The final phase of principal photography took place in Calgary, Alberta in late November 2009. The location manager discovered a closed ski resort known as the Fortress Mountain Resort.[32] An elaborate set was assembled on top of a mountain and it took three months to build.[33] The production had to wait for a huge snowstorm, which eventually arrived.[19]

The film was shot on anamorphic 35mm with key sequences filmed on 65mm, and certain other sequences with VistaVision but Nolan did not shoot any footage with IMAX cameras as he had with The Dark Knight. "We didn’t feel that we were going to be able to shoot in IMAX because of the size of the cameras because this film given that it deals with a potentially surreal area, the nature of dreams and so forth, I wanted it to be as realistic as possible. Not be bound by the scale of those IMAX cameras, even though I love the format dearly".[16] Nolan also chose not to shoot any of the film in 3-D as he believes that shooting on digital video does not offer a high enough quality image.[16]

Nolan has said that the film "deals with levels of reality, and perceptions of reality which is something I'm very interested in. It's an action film set in a contemporary world, but with a slight science-fiction bent to it", while also describing it as "very much an ensemble film structured somewhat as a heist movie. It's an action adventure that spans the globe".[34]

Post-production

For the dream sequences in Inception, Nolan kept the computer generated effects to a minimum and utilized practical methods whenever possible. Nolan said, "It's always very important to me to do as much as possible in-camera, and then, if necessary, computer graphics are very useful to build on or enhance what you have achieved physically".[35]

Score

Hans Zimmer scored the film, marking his third collaboration with Nolan. According to Zimmer, it's a "a very electronic score".[36] Nolan asked Zimmer to compose and finish the score as he was shooting the film. The composer said, "He wanted to unleash my imagination in the best possible way".[37] At one point, while composing the score, Zimmer incorporated a guitar sound reminiscent of Ennio Morricone and was interested in having Johnny Marr play these parts. He asked Nolan, he agreed and then Zimmer approached Marr who accepted his offer. For inspiration, Zimmer read Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid by Douglas Hofstadter because it combined "the idea of playfulness in mathematics and playfulness in music".[37] Zimmer did not assemble a temp score but "every now and then they would call and say 'we need a little something here.' But that was OK because much of the music pieces aren't that scene specific. They fall into little categories".[37]

An album containing some of Zimmer's music for the film was released on Tuesday, July 13. The tracks are listed below:

  1. "Half Remembered Dream" (1:12)
  2. "We Built Our Own World" (1:55)
  3. "Dream Is Collapsing" (2:28)
  4. "Radical Notion" (3:43)
  5. "Old Souls" (7:44)
  6. "528491" (2:23)
  7. "Mombasa" (4:54)
  8. "One Simple Idea" (2:28)
  9. "Dream Within a Dream" (5:04)
  10. "Waiting for a Train" (9:30)
  11. "Paradox" (3:25)
  12. "Time" (4:35)

Release

Inception was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters on July 16, 2010.[38][39] A teaser trailer for the film was attached to Inglourious Basterds, following its release in August 2009. A theatrical trailer was attached to Sherlock Holmes, premiering in December 2009. The third and final trailer debuted with regular and IMAX screenings of Iron Man 2 in May 2010.[40] The film had its world premiere at Leicester Square in London, England on July 8. 2010.[41]

Marketing

In the spring of 2010 a viral marketing campaign was started for the film. On June 2, 2010 a manual was sent out to various companies. The manual was filled with bizarre images and text all relating to Inception. As the month went on, more and more viral marketing began to surface including, posters, ads and strange websites all related to the film.[42][43] On June 7, 2010 a behind the scenes featurette on the film was released in HD on Yahoo! Movies.[44] Warner Bros. has spent $100 million marketing the film.[45]

Critical reception

The film has received positive reviews. Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 84% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 157 reviews, with an average score of 8.2/10. The critical consensus is: Smart, innovative, and thrilling, Inception is that rare summer blockbuster that succeeds viscerally as well as intellectually.[46] Review aggregate Metacritic assigned the film an average score of 76 out of 100 based on 38 reviews from mainstream critics.[47]

Rolling Stone magazine's Peter Travers gave Inception its first positive notice, calling it a "wildly ingen­ious chess game", and "the result is a knockout".[48] In his review for Variety, Justin Chang praised the film as "a conceptual tour de force" and wrote, "applying a vivid sense of procedural detail to a fiendishly intricate yarn set in the labyrinth of the subconscious, the writer-director has devised a heist thriller for surrealists, a Jungian's Rififi, that challenges viewers to sift through multiple layers of (un)reality".[49] Jim Vejvoda of IGN rated the film perfect, deeming it "a singular accomplishment from a filmmaker who has only gotten better with each film".[50] Empire magazine rated it five stars in the August 2010 issue and wrote, "it feels like Stanley Kubrick adapting the work of the great sci-fi author William Gibson ... Nolan delivers another true original: welcome to an undiscovered country".[51] Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "B+" rating and Lisa Schwarzbaum wrote, "It's a rolling explosion of images as hypnotizing and sharply angled as any in a drawing by M.C. Escher or a state-of-the-biz videogame; the backwards splicing of Nolan's own Memento looks rudimentary by comparison".[52] The New York Post gave the film a four star rating and Lou Lumenick wrote, "DiCaprio, who has never been better as the tortured hero, draws you in with a love story that will appeal even to non-sci-fi fans".[53] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film a perfect four stars and wrote, "The movie is all about process, about fighting our way through enveloping sheets of reality and dream, reality within dreams, dreams without reality. It's a breathtaking juggling act".[54] In his review for the Chicago Tribune, Michael Phillips gave the film 3 stars out of 4 and wrote, "I found myself wishing Inception were weirder, further out ... the film is Nolan's labyrinth all the way, and it's gratifying to experience a summer movie with large visual ambitions and with nothing more or less on its mind than (as Shakespeare said) a dream that hath no bottom".[55] Time magazine's Richard Corliss wrote, "Finally, its noble intent is to implant one man's vision in the mind of a vast audience ... The idea of moviegoing as communal dreaming is a century old. With Inception, viewers have a chance to see that notion get a state-of-the-art update".[56] In his review for the Los Angeles Times, Kenneth Turan felt that Nolan was able to blend, "the best of traditional and modern filmmaking. If you're searching for smart and nervy popular entertainment, this is what it looks like".[57] USA Today gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and Claudia Puig felt that Nolan, "regards his viewers as possibly smarter than they are — or at least as capable of rising to his inventive level. That's a tall order. But it's refreshing to find a director who makes us stretch, even occasionally struggle, to keep up".[58]

However, New York magazine's David Edelstein wrote, "I truly have no idea what so many people are raving about. It’s as if someone went into their heads while they were sleeping and planted the idea that Inception is a visionary masterpiece and—hold on … Whoa! I think I get it. The movie is a metaphor for the power of delusional hype—a metaphor for itself".[59] In his review for The New York Observer, Rex Reed wrote, "It's pretty much what we've come to expect from summer movies in general and Christopher Nolan movies in particular ... [it] doesn't seem like much of an accomplishment to me".[60] In his review for the New York Press, Armond White wrote, "there’s a simple-minded sappiness at the heart of this cynical vision. if anything, the time and consciousness tricks stolen from The Matrix make Nolan a bastard Wachowski brother, not a son of Kubrick. despite its big budget ... Inception is full of second-rate aesthetics, yet when shoddy aesthetics become the new standard, it’s sufficient to up-end the art of cinema".[61] In A.O. Scott's review for The New York Times, he wrote, "But though there is a lot to see in Inception, there is nothing that counts as genuine vision. Mr. Nolan’s idea of the mind is too literal, too logical, too rule-bound to allow the full measure of madness".[62]

References

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  2. ^ [1]
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  4. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1375666/releaseinfo
  5. ^ a b Borys Kit (2009-04-01). "Three circle Nolan's 'Inception'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
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  34. ^ "Inception". Empire. April 2010.
  35. ^ Production Notes 2010, p. 12.
  36. ^ "Hans Zimmer's Inception Score Will Release On July 13th". Screen Rant. June 18, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  37. ^ a b c Cassidy, Kevin (2010-07-13). "Q&A: Composer Hans Zimmer". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
  38. ^ Vlessing, Etan (2009-10-01). "Imax books Inception". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
  39. ^ Jeff Bock (2009-02-24). "WB NAME DROPS BIG TITLES". ERC Box Office. Retrieved 2009-02-25.
  40. ^ Blass, Teddy (2009-04-23). "3rd Inception Trailer Confirmed w/ Iron Man". Nolan Fans. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  41. ^ Plumb, Alastair (2010-07-09). "Inception World Premiere Report". Empire. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
  42. ^ "New Inception Viral Surfaces: Dream - Share Manual". The Film Stage. June 2, 2010. Retrieved June 3, 2010. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  43. ^ "New Inception Viral Poster". The Film Stage. June 7, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2010. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  44. ^ "Behind The Scenes Inception Featurette Now Available In HD". The Film Stage. June 7, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2010. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  45. ^ Fritz, Ben (2010-07-13). "Warner gambles on an unproven commodity". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  46. ^ "Inception Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  47. ^ "Inception reviews at Metacritic.com". Metacritic. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  48. ^ Travers, Peter (2010-07-12). "Inception". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
  49. ^ Chang, Justin (2010-07-05). "Inception". Variety. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
  50. ^ Vejvoda, Jim (2010-07-06). "Inception Para la gran mayoria de los criticos Inception es una de las mejores peliculas de la historia del cine. Review". IGN. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Text "http://movies.ign.com/articles/110/1103912p1.html" ignored (help)
  51. ^ Pierce, Nev (2010-07-06). "Inception". Empire. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  52. ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (2010-07-12). "Inception". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  53. ^ Lumenick, Lou (2010-07-14). "Dream team!". The New York Post. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
  54. ^ Ebert, Roger (2010-07-14). "Inception". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  55. ^ Phillips, Michael (2010-07-15). "Inception". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  56. ^ Corliss, Richard (2010-07-14). "Inception: Whose Mind Is It, Anyway?". Time. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  57. ^ Turan, Kenneth (2010-07-16). "Inception". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
  58. ^ Puig, Claudia (2010-07-15). "You definitely won't sleep through complex thriller Inception". USA Today. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
  59. ^ Edelstein, David (2010-07-11). "Dream a Little Dream". New York. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  60. ^ Reed, Rex (2010-07-13). "Can Someone Please Explain Inception to Me?". The New York Observer. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
  61. ^ White, Armond (2010-07-13). "Despicable Inception". New York Press. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
  62. ^ Scott, A.O. (2010-07-15). "This Time the Dream's On Me". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-07-15.

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

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