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Wikia, Inc.
Wikia logo
File:Wikia-screenshot.png
Screenshot of Wikia's main page
Type of businessPrivate
Type of site
Wiki farm
Available inMultilingual
Founded2004
Headquarters
San Mateo, CA
,
US
Founder(s)Jimmy Wales and Angela Beesley
Key peopleGil Penchina (CEO)
ProductsWiki hosting
Employees42 (September 2008)[1]
URLwww.wikia.com
AdvertisingDirect and ad networks
RegistrationOptional
Launched2004
Current statusActive

Wikia (formerly Wikicities) is a free web hosting service for wikis (or wiki farm). It is normally free of charge for readers and editors, deriving most of its income from advertising, and publishes all user-provided text under copyleft licenses.

Wikia hosts several thousand wikis using the wiki software MediaWiki. Its operator, Wikia, Inc., is a for-profit Delaware company founded in late 2004[3] by Jimmy Wales and Angela Beesley—respectively Chairman Emeritus and Advisory Board member of the Wikimedia Foundation—and headed by Gil Penchina.

History

Wikia spent over a year as Wikicities (inviting comparisons to GeoCities[4]), but changed its name on March 27, 2006, saying that "the name Wikicities has often caused confusion, with many people believing it was a site for city guides rather than wikis about any topic."[5] In the month before the move, Wikia announced a US$4 million venture capital investment from Bessemer Venture Partners and First Round Capital.[6] Nine months later, Amazon.com invested US$10 million in Series B funding,[7] with senior VP of business development Jeff Blackburn joining the company board.[8]

In November 2006, Wikia claimed to have spent only $5.74 on marketing, while generating 40 to 50 million page views.[8] The company spent $2 million to purchase ArmchairGM, a sports forum and wiki, previously an independently hosted site.[8]

Wikia announced the creation of its one hundredth wiki on February 3, 2005.[9] As of July 2007, it had over 3,000 wikis in over 50 languages.[10] Wikia's growth stems not only from wikis founded on Wikia, but also from incorporating formerly independent wikis that joined Wikia over time, such as LyricWiki, Uncyclopedia and WoWWiki.[11][12][13]

On April 7, 2010 Wikia announced the creation of its 100,000th wiki.[14] In May 2010, they began to offer the removal of external ads (though not internal promotions) for a fee, but only for wikis with fewer than 20,000 page-views per month.[15]

Topics and wikis

Wikia covers a broad range of topics; almost any project not founded on hate, libel, pornography or copyright infringement is allowed, as long as it does not compete with Wikimedia Foundation projects.[16] Many hosted wikis follow the style of Wikipedia, but offer detail beyond that considered appropriate for a general encyclopedia. For example, a minor character in a Star Wars film may have its own article on Wookieepedia.[17] Wikia also allows wikis to have a point-of-view, rather than the neutral POV on Wikipedia. This is why many wikis have been created on certain religions and denominations.

Wikia requires all user text content to be published under a free license;[18] most use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license, although Memory Alpha and Uncyclopedia use a noncommercial variant and some use the GNU Free Documentation License.[nb 1][19]

As of June 2009, wikia.com's Alexa traffic ranking was 290.[2] Yu-Gi-Oh!, Fallout, Star Wars and Tibia fan wikis each account for around 10% of this traffic.[2] The Wikia-hosted Final Fantasy XI wiki FFXIclopedia,[20] Star Trek wiki Memory Alpha[21] and World of Warcraft wiki WoWWiki[22] currently use separate domain names, as they were founded separately from Wikia. WoWWiki sees roughly 20% the amount of global internet users compared to all of wikia.com.[2][22]

Wikia Green

Wikia Green is a wiki operated by Wikia, Inc. focusing on environmental issues.[23] Jimmy Wales started the project after a conversation with environmentalist activist and politician Al Gore, who suggested creating a green wiki.[23] Former USSR president Mikhail Gorbachev has written an article for this wiki.[24]

Answers

In March 2010, Wikia launched "Answers from Wikia",[25][26] where users could create topic-specialized knowledge market wikis based upon Wikia's own Wikianswers subdomain.

OpenServing

OpenServing was a short-lived Web publishing project owned by Wikia, founded on December 12, 2006,[27][28] and abandoned, unannounced, in January 2008.[29] Like Wikia, OpenServing was to offer free wiki hosting, but it would differ in that each wiki's founder would retain any revenue gained from advertising on the site.[27][30][31] OpenServing used a modified version of the Wikimedia Foundation's MediaWiki software created by ArmchairGM, but was intended to branch out to other open source packages.[27][32]

According to Wikia co-founder and chairman Jimmy Wales, the OpenServing site received several thousand applications in January 2007.[33] However, after a year, no sites had been launched under the OpenServing banner. Angela Beesley, a co-founder and vice president of Community at Wikia described OpenServing as "never very popular or successful", and said Wikia's efforts had been refocused on wikia.com, to which openserving.com redirects.[29]

Software

Wikia runs a modified version of MediaWiki on Linux (Red Hat, Debian and Ubuntu) servers, and claims to provide both technical and social support for all aspects of running a wiki community.[34]

Search engines

Wikiasari

Wikia Inc. initially proposed creating a copyleft search engine; the software (but not the site) was named "Wikiasari" by a November 2004 naming contest.[nb 2] The proposal became inactive in 2005.

Search Wikia

Main article: Wikia Search

The "public alpha" of Wikia Search web search engine was launched on January 7, 2008[35] from the USSHC underground data center.[36] This roll-out version of the search interface was roundly panned by reviewers in technology media.[37] The project was ended in March 2009.[38]

Current search engine

Late in 2009, a new search engine was established to index and display results from all sites hosted on Wikia.[citation needed]

Company

Wikia, Inc. is based in San Francisco (500 Third Street, SOMA district), California, U.S.[39] The company was originally incorporated in Florida in December 2004 and re-incorporated in Delaware as Wikia, Inc. on January 10, 2006.

Angela Beesley has served since the beginning as Wikia's Vice-President of Community Relations.[40] Gil Penchina, a previous angel investor[40] and former vice president and general manager at eBay, was hired as CEO on June 5, 2006.[41] Michael E. Davis, a former business partner of Wales who served for years as a founding member of the Wikimedia Foundation board and was that organization's Treasurer, was named Treasurer and Secretary of Wikia in January 2006.

Wikia has some technical staff in the USA, but also has an office in Poznań, Poland in 2006. Explaining his choice of location, Wales commented "It's about reasonable salaries and high quality. You can find cheaper programmers in other parts of the world, but the quality's not there!"[10]

Wikia derives income from advertising. The company initially used Google AdSense,[42] but moved on to Federated Media before bringing ad management in-house.[43]

Controversy

Advertising and use of free content

Wikia has sometimes expanded by acquiring an existing wiki's domain name, user lists, and databases, from a founder or co-founder in return for money and stock options.[44] The original wiki is then shut down without consulting its editors or wider community, and the domain redirected to Wikia's version of the project. In at least two cases[nb 3][45] the content was under a non-commercial license, raising the question of whether the wikis could legitimately be sold to Wikia for commercial use.[46] In 2009, Wikia added an extension where users could create magazines of content pages, through partner MagCloud;[47] however, this was not disabled on wikis with a "Noncommercial" clause on their license, which would break the license.

Once on Wikia, wiki communities have complained of inappropriate advertisements, or advertising in the body text area.[48] There is no easy way for individual communities to switch to conventional paid hosting, as Wikia usually owns the relevant domain names. If a community leaves Wikia for new hosting, the company typically continues to operate the abandoned wiki using its original name and content, adversely affecting the new wiki's search rankings.[49]

Wikia and the Wikimedia Foundation

Wikia has been accused of unduly profiting from a perceived association with Wikipedia. Wikia, Inc. is a different entity than Wikipedia's non-profit parent, the Wikimedia Foundation. Both sites had Jimmy Wales as a co-founder (with Larry Sanger co-founding Wikipedia, and Angela Beesley co-founding Wikia), and Wikia has been referred to in the media as "the commercial counterpart to the non-profit Wikipedia."[50][51] Wikimedia[52] and Wikia staff[53] call this description inaccurate.

In 2006, the Wikimedia Foundation shared hosting and bandwidth costs with Wikia, and received some donated office space from Wikia during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2006. At the end of fiscal year 2007, Wikia owed the Foundation US$6,000. As of June 2007, two members of the Foundation's Board of Directors also served as employees, officers, or directors of Wikia.[54] In January 2009, Wikia subleased two conference rooms to the Wikimedia Foundation for the Wikipedia Usability Initiative.[55] According to a 2009 email by Erik Möller, deputy director of the Wikimedia Foundation, bid averaging was used "as a way to arrive at a fair market rate".[56]

Domain and skin assimilation

File:The Finger Lakes Wiki main page.jpg
The main page of a Wikia site with one of the default skins, note the advertisement in the top middle of the page
File:Wikia Oasis Preview.jpg
The new controversial look of Wikia.

Wikia has merged separately founded wikis, such as Uncyclopedia, to subdomains of wikia.com against contributors' wishes, citing a need to boost its attractiveness to advertisers.[57] The company intended to merge Memory Alpha, WoWWiki, and Zelda Wiki in a similar fashion;[58][59] the proposal was successfully opposed by users of all three sites.[60][61][62] Zelda Wiki is still an independent wiki, while WoWWiki and Memory Alpha have still been merged, though they were allowed to keep their domain names.

In June 2008, Wikia adopted a new skin, Monaco, intending to implement it as the default on almost all hosted wikis.[63] The skin had an uneven reception, with issues over the prominent branding, in-content format-altering ads, and the mandatory nature of the change.[64] Many wiki users felt the choice of skin default should remain their own. The switch went ahead, but some wikis retained Monobook as their default. In September 2008, the Transformers Wikia moved their content to their own server, citing the format-altering ads and mandatory changes as reasons for their departure. [65] [66]

In May 2009, Wikia removed the ability of individual users to choose a skin other than Monaco or Monobook, claiming a testing burden and relative lack of features. Soon after, Wikia removed the option to set the default skin to Monobook, with an exemption of certain large wikis, namely, Uncyclopedia.[67]

In August 2010, Wikia announced a new mandatory skin change, this time to a new look nicknamed "Oasis".[68] The new skin omitted some features, such as the popular shoutbox.[69] On September 23, 2010, Wikia introduced the new skin in public beta with the option to be the default skin for certain wikis, like Muppet Wiki.[70] Wikia also revealed the official name of the new skin, Wikia.[71] The Wikia skin will become the default skin on Wikia on November 3, 2010. Wikia also changed the Terms of Use, prohibiting any modification that changes the default layout of the skin.[72] As a result of the skin change, some users have proposed to move their wikis to another wiki farm.[73] Some important wikis like WoWWiki[74] and Halopedia[75] are planning to move and others like WikiSimpsons[76] and Grand Theft Wiki[77] have already moved. The new look has been described by Wikia as "sleek" and is supposed to be helpful to new users.[78] However, many of the older contributors feel that it is hard to use and a lot of the features are unneeded and unwanted, especially the fixed width, the image attribution in articles, the bar along the top leading to other wikis and the massive right-aligned sidebar.[79] In addition, staff have taken to banning users who they claim are resorting to personal attacks and spam. They also claim that Banning users for linking to the new locations of their wikis and reverting any site notices about the move are justified:

"I'd rather not let this comment thread be hijacked by this topic, so I'll just say this here:

We respect the right of everyone to edit where they want, or to edit in more than one place. But if you choose to move on, then the wiki belongs to the remaining community and the future community for that wiki. And it's our job to look after it for them, and not for those that have decided to go elsewhere. I'll take the rest to the Simpson's wiki. If you have any concerns, please feel free to contact me personally. Let's get this thread back on track. Thanks all. [...] There comes a time when you have to say "enough, no more threats and abuse". I'm sure that you expect the same from users on wikis where you are an admin. We are being very open about the removals so that everyone can see what we are doing and why, and we are still removing as little as possible -- but it's time for us to be admins again and insist on reasonable behaviour."[80]

Wikianswers

In January 2009, Wikia relaunched a previously moribund question-and-answer site, which used the name "Wikianswers", while Answers.com had a much more prominent site "WikiAnswers".[81] Answers.com CEO Bob Rosenschein stated "Wikia is creating market confusion by associating its Q&A category with our market-leading WikiAnswers domain and site."[82]

Following pages

On May 6, 2010, Wikia removed links to the watchlist in the Monaco (and the new "Wikia") skin and enabled "followed pages" which made all user's existing private watchlists publicly visible to others by default without being given adequate time to opt-out.[83] This has received criticism from users stating it is a violation of privacy and a "downgrade" of the watchlist. However, one can opt-out manually, and Wikia has said that now part of one's pages on their watchlist is visible to the public.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Most content on Wikia was licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License until June 19, 2009, at which point most wikis were relicensed to CC-BY-SA.
  2. ^ The name was derived from the Hawaiian word for "quick" and asari, Japanese for "rummaging search".
  3. ^ The acquisition of uncyclopedia.org from Jonathan Huang in July 2006 and gamewikis.org from Phil Nelson in October 2007

References

  1. ^ Wikia, Inc. "Wikia, Inc". Retrieved 2008-10-23.
  2. ^ a b c d "wikia.com traffic details". Alexa. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
  3. ^ Pink, Daniel H. (2005-03-13). "The Book Stops Here". Wired News. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
  4. ^ Gussow, Dave (2005-04-04). "Global villages convene in wiki town halls". St. Petersburg Times.
  5. ^ Beesley, Angela (2006-03-27). "Wikicities relaunches as Wikia". Wikia. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  6. ^ Hinman, Michael (2006-03-10). "Venture capitalists invest wiki-millions". Tampa Bay Business Journal. Retrieved 2006-03-10.
  7. ^ Primack, Dan (2007-01-03). "PE Week Wire". Private Equity Week.
  8. ^ a b c Blitstein, Ryan (2006-12-06). "Amazon puts faith – and money – in Wikia". Mercury News. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  9. ^ Beesley, Angela; et al. (2005-02-03). "100 Wikicities". Retrieved 2010-02-09. {{cite web}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  10. ^ a b Shannon, Victoria (2006-09-28). "Wikipedia Founder Staffs For Profit Wikia Spinoff". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2006-10-28. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)[dead link]
  11. ^ Colombo, Sean (2009-08-31). "LyricWiki:Wikia Migration FAQ". Wikia. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
  12. ^ Beesley, Angela (2005-05-26). "Uncyclopedia joins Wikia" (Wiki). Wikia. Retrieved 2006-07-18.
  13. ^ Warschauer, Mark (2007). "Audience, Authorship, and Artifact: The emergent semiotics of Web 2.0". Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 27: 1–23. doi:10.1017/S0267190508070013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Manley, Sarah (2010-04-07). "100,000 wikis on Wikia" (Wiki). Wikia. Wikia. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  15. ^ "Ad free wikis" (Wiki). Wikia. 2010-05-17. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
  16. ^ "Wikia:Creation policy". Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  17. ^ McNichol, Tom (March 2007). "With Wikia, a Wikipedia founder looks to strike it rich". Business 2.0 Magazine. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
  18. ^ "Wikia:Licensing". Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  19. ^ Beesley, Angela. "Licensing update June 19, 2009". Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  20. ^ "memory-alpha.org traffic details". Alexa. Retrieved 2008-05-25.
  21. ^ "memory-alpha.org traffic details". Alexa. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  22. ^ a b "wowwiki.com traffic details". Alexa. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
  23. ^ a b Wenzel, Elsa (2008-09-09). "Wikipedia's Wales launches Wikia Green". Cnet.
  24. ^ "Mikhail Gorbachev writes for Wikia". 2010-03-16.
  25. ^ Answers from Wikia
  26. ^ Free wiki hosting company Wikia to let you create your own question and answer sites
  27. ^ a b c "Wikipedia founder remakes Web-publishing economics". Reuters/USA Today. 2006-12-12. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  28. ^ "Wikia Announces Free Wiki Hosting". TechCrunch. 2006-12-11.
  29. ^ a b "Wikia's OpenServing Project Dies a Quiet Death". Mars Magazine. 2007-10-10.
  30. ^ "Wikipedia to share collaborative software". Daily Times. 2006-12-18. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  31. ^ "Wikia Unveils OpenServing - the Mother of All Freebies". Business Wire. 2006-12-11.
  32. ^ "Wikipedia founder to share collaborative software". AFP. December 2006. [dead link]
  33. ^ "Wikis can succeed on newspaper sites, claims Wikipedia founder". Online Journalism News, Journalism.co.uk. 2007-01-19. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  34. ^ Wikia, Inc. "Why use Wikia?". Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  35. ^ Public alpha of Wikia search project
  36. ^ Wikia Search Launches From Iowa Data Bunker
  37. ^ Manjoo, Farhad (2008-01-07). "Wikipedia founder's search engine gets bad reviews". Salon.com. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  38. ^ Needleman, Rafe (31 March 2009). "Wales giving up on Wikia Search". Webware. CNet. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  39. ^ "San Mateo-Based Wikia Lands Investment from Amazon.com". Silicon Valley Wire. 2006-12-06. Retrieved 2007-03-08.; California Business Portal, Agent for service of process address; Go Daddy, Registered domain address.
  40. ^ a b Wikia, Inc. (2006-03-30). "Bessemer Venture Partners Funds Jimmy Wales' Startup Wikia". Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  41. ^ "Wikia taps eBay exec as CEO". San Francisco Business Times. 2006-06-05.
  42. ^ Lashinksy, Adam; Scott, Jagon (2006-08-30). "For-profit wiki". Marketplace. Retrieved 2009-06-19. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  43. ^ "Advertising on Wikia". 2008-01-08. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  44. ^ "GuildWiki: Wikia Move". GuildWiki. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
  45. ^ "Announcement: Wikia & Uncyclopedia". Uncyclopedia. 2006-07-10.
  46. ^ "How to Stop Commerial Use of Copyleft Materials?". Slashdot. 2007-09-15.
  47. ^ "Introducing: Magazine Creator". 2009-10-14. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  48. ^ Finkelstein, Seth (2008-09-25). "Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says". London: The Guardian. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  49. ^ Finkelstein, Seth (2008-07-31). "How will Wikia cope when the workers all quit the plantation?". London: The Guardian. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  50. ^ "Wikipedia founder says to challenge Google, Yahoo". Reuters. 2007-03-09.
  51. ^ "Community websites take wiki path". BBC News. BBC. 2006-12-12.
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  53. ^ "Wikimedia". Wikia, Inc. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  54. ^ Wikimedia Foundation 2006-2007 Audit page 9 says "The Organization shared hosting and bandwidth costs with Wikia, Inc., a for-profit company founded by the same founder as Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Included in accounts receivable at June 30, 2007 is $6,000 due from Wikia, Inc. for these costs. The Organization received some donated office space from Wikia Inc. during the year ended June 30, 2006 valued at $6,000. No donation of the office space occurred in 2007. Through June 30, 2007, two members of the Organization’s board of directors also serve as employees, officers, or directors of Wikia, Inc."
  55. ^ "A note on the Wikipedia Usability Initiative". Blog.wikimedia.org. 2009-01-21. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
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  58. ^ "WoWWiki:Domain name" (Wiki). WoWWiki. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
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  64. ^ "Forum:Wikia's New Style - Archive 1". Retrieved 2009-06-20.
  65. ^ "How will Wikia cope when the workers all quit the plantation?" @ guardian.co.uk
  66. ^ "Teletraan-1 Wikia moves to TFWiki.net" press release
  67. ^ "Forum:Changes to skin preferences". 2009-05-19. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  68. ^ "Your First Look at the New Wikia". Wikia. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  69. ^ "Wikia's new look - FAQ". Wikia. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
  70. ^ "Experience the new Wikia". Wikia. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  71. ^ "The new look 2". 2010-09-23. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
  72. ^ "Important Updates on Wikia's New Look". 2010-09-28. Retrieved 2010-09-28.
  73. ^ "Anti-Wikia Alliance". 2010-09-29. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  74. ^ "Should WoWWiki leave Wikia?". 2010-09-29. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  75. ^ "Domain overhaul - And what do you think?". Retrieved 2010-10-07.
  76. ^ "Wikisimpsons will be moving to the new host, ShoutWiki". 2010-10-08. Retrieved 2010-10-08.
  77. ^ "Grand Theft Wiki has moved - check out our new home". Retrieved 2010-10-10.
  78. ^ "Welcome to the new Wikia". Wikia. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  79. ^ "Fixed Width, Sidebar, and the Removal of Monaco". 2010-10-01. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  80. ^ "Sannse/Try out the new look".
  81. ^ Schonfeld, Erick (2009-01-31). "Jimmy Wales Quietly Launches Wikianswers". Techcrunch.com. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  82. ^ "WikiAnswers: setting the record straight". Nostupidanswers.com. 2009-02-03. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  83. ^ Manley, Sarah (2010-05-05). "Followed pages - a new way to stay up-to-date on your favorite wiki pages". Wikia Staff Blog. Retrieved 2010-05-08.

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