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Untitled

2001, also known as The Chronic 2001 and sometimes "The Chronic 2", is the second studio album by American hip hop artist Dr. Dre, released November 16, 1999 on Interscope Records. Recording sessions for the album took place during 1997 to 1999, and production was handled by Dr. Dre, Mel-Man, and Lord Finesse. It is the follow-up to Dr. Dre's debut album The Chronic (1992) and features several guest contributions from rappers such as Snoop Dogg, Kurupt, and Eminem. 2001 exhibits an expansion on his debut's G-funk sound and contains gangsta rap themes such as violence, promiscuity, drug use, street gangs, and crime.

The album debuted at number two on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling 516,000 copies in its first week. It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified sextuple platinum in sales by the RIAA after sales of six million copies in the United States. Despite mixed criticism toward its gangster-themed lyrics, 2001 received generally positive reviews from most music critics. The album has been credited by music writers with revitalizing the West Coast hip hop scene after years of obscurity, while showing that Dr. Dre could remain prominent with a new generation of listeners.

Conception

Background

In an interview with The New York Times, Dr. Dre talked of his motivation to record the album and how he felt that he had to prove himself to fans and media again after doubts arose over his production and rapping ability. These doubts came from the fact that he had not released a solo studio album since The Chronic (1992). He stated:

For the last couple of years, there's been a lot of talk out on the streets about whether or not I can still hold my own, whether or not I'm still good at producing. That was the ultimate motivation for me. Magazines, word of mouth and rap tabloids were saying I didn't have it any more. What more do I need to do? How many platinum records have I made? O.K., here's the album -- now what do you have to say?[1]

He went on to speak of how the album was originally intended to be a mixtape; with tracks linked through interludes and turntable effects, but then changed to be set-up like a film, stating "Everything you hear is planned. It's a movie, with different varieties of situations. So you've got buildups, touching moments, aggressive moments. You've even got a 'Pause for Porno.' It's got everything that a movie needs.[1] He talked of how he did not record the album for club or radio play and that he planned the album simply for entertainment with comical aspects throughout, stating "I'm not trying to send out any messages or anything with this record. I just basically do hard-core hip-hop and try to add a touch of dark comedy here and there. A lot of times the media just takes this and tries to make it into something else when it's all entertainment first. You shouldn't take it too seriously."[1]

Recording

Some of the lyrics on the album used by Dre have been noted to be penned by several ghostwriters. Royce Da 5'9" was rumored to be a ghostwriter on the album.[2] He was noted for writing the last track, "The Message" [3] however, he is not credited by his legal name or alias in the liner notes. A track he recorded on the album, originally named "The Way I Be Pimpin'", was later retouched as "Xxplosive"; this version has Dr. Dre rapping penned verses by Royce and featured Royce's vocals on the chorus. Royce wrote several tracks such as "The Throne Is Mine" and "Stay In Your Place" which were later cut from the final track list. The tracks have been leaked later on several mixtapes, including Pretox.[4]

The album was recorded during 1998 and 1999, following Eminem's release of The Slim Shady LP, which Dr. Dre executive produced. This style of production was continued onto 2001, with new, sparse beats and reduced use of samples which were prominent on his debut album.[5][6] Co-producer Scott Storch talked of how Dr. Dre used his collaborators during recording sessions: "At the time, I saw Dr. Dre desperately needed something. He needed a fuel injection, and Dre utilized me as the nitrous oxide. He threw me into the mix, and I sort of tapped on a new flavor with my whole piano sound and the strings and orchestration. So I'd be on the keyboards, and Mike [Elizondo] was on the bass guitar, and Dre was on the drum machine."[7] Josh Tyrangiel of Time has described the recording process which Dr. Dre employs, stating "Every Dre track begins the same way, with Dre behind a drum machine in a room full of trusted musicians. (They carry beepers. When he wants to work, they work.) He'll program a beat, then ask the musicians to play along; when Dre hears something he likes, he isolates the player and tells him how to refine the sound."[8]

Music

Production

The album primarily featured co-production between Dr. Dre and Mel-Man and was generally well-received by critics. Allmusic writer Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted that Dr. Dre had expanded on the G-funk beats on his previous album, The Chronic, and stated, "He's pushed himself hard, finding new variations in the formula by adding ominous strings, soulful vocals, and reggae, resulting in fairly interesting recontextualizations" and went on to say "sonically, this is first-rate, straight-up gangsta".[5] Entertainment Weeklys Tom Sinclair depicted it as "Chilly keyboard motifs gliding across gut-punching bass lines, strings and synths swooping in and out of the mix, naggingly familiar guitar licks providing visceral punctuation".[6] NME described the production as "patented tectonic funk beats and mournful atmospherics".[9] PopMatters praised the production, stating that "the hip-hop rhythms are catchy, sometimes in your face, sometimes subtle, but always a fine backdrop for the power of Dre's voice."[10] Jon Pareles of The New York Times mentioned that the beats were "lean and immaculate, each one a pithy combination of beat, rap, melody and strategic silences".[11] The album marked the beginning of Dr. Dre's collaboration with keyboardist Scott Storch, who had previously worked with The Roots and is credited as a co-writer on several of 2001's tracks, including the hit single "Still D.R.E.". Storch would later go on to become a successful producer in his own right, and has been credited as a co-producer with Dr. Dre on some of his productions since.[12]

Lyrics

The lyrics on the album received criticism and created some controversy. They include many themes associated with gangsta rap, such as violence, promiscuity, street gangs, drive-by shootings, crime and drug usage. Erlewine said that the only subject matter on the album was "violence, drugs, pussy, bitches, dope, guns, and gangsters" and that these themes have become repetitive and unchanged in the last ten years.[5] Critics noted that Dr. Dre had differed from his effort to "clean-up his act" which he tried to establish with his 1996 single, "Been There, Done That" from Dr. Dre Presents...The Aftermath.[6][1] NME mentioned that the album was full of "pig-headed, punk-dicked, 'bitch'-dissing along with requisite dollops of ho-slapping violence, marijuana-addled bravado and penis-sucking wish fulfilment."[9] Massey noted that the lyrics were overly explicit but praised his delivery and flow: "His rhymes are quick, his delivery laid back yet full of punch."[10] The rhymes involve Dr. Dre's return to the forefront of hip hop, which is conveyed in the singles "Still D.R.E." and "Forgot About Dre". Many critics cited the last track, "The Message"; a song dedicated to Dr. Dre's deceased brother, as what the album could have been without the excessively explicit lyrics,[9][11] with Massey calling it "downright beautiful" and "a classic of modern rap".[10]

Singles

"Still D.R.E."
The song exhibits a departure by Dr. Dre from the production style of his previous album, The Chronic (1992).
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Three singles were released from the album: "Still D.R.E.", "Forgot About Dre" and "The Next Episode". Other tracks "Fuck You", "Let's Get High", "What's the Difference" and "Xxplosive" were not officially released as singles but received some radio airplay which resulted in them charting in the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks.[13] "Still D.R.E." was released as the lead single in October 1999. It peaked at number 93 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 32 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and reached number 11 on the Hot Rap Singles.[13] It reached number six on the UK single charts in March 2000.[14] The song was nominated at the 2000 Grammy Awards for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group, but lost to The Roots and Erykah Badu's "You Got Me".[15]

"Forgot About Dre" was released as the second single in 2000 and like the previous single, it was a hit on multiple charts. It reached number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 14 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and number 3 on the Rhythmic Top 40.[13] It reached number seven on the UK single charts in June 2000.[14] The accompanying music video won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Rap Video in 2000. The song won Dr. Dre and Eminem Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 2001 Grammy Awards.[15] "The Next Episode" was released as the third and final single in 2000. It peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 11 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and number 2 on the Rhythmic Top 40.[13] It peaked at number three on UK single charts in February 2001.[14] It was nominated at the 2001 Grammy Awards for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group, but the award went to another single from the same album to Dr. Dre and Eminem for "Forgot about Dre".[15]

Reception

Commercial performance

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic[5]
Robert Christgau(C)[16]
Entertainment Weekly(A-)[6]
Los Angeles Times[17]
The New York Times(favorable)[11]
NME(6/10)[9]
PopMatters(favorable)[10]
Rolling Stone[18]
The Source[19]
XXL (XXL)[20]

The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart with first-week sales of 516,000 copies.[21] It also entered at number one on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.[22] The album was successful in Canada where it reached number three on the charts.[23] The record was mildly successful in Europe, reaching number 15 in France, number 17 in the Netherlands and number 26 in Norway. It peaked at number 11 on the New Zealand album chart.[24] At the end of 2000, the album was number five on the Billboard Year-End Top Albums and number one on the Billboard Year-End Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.[25][26] It re-entered the charts in 2003, peaking on the UK Albums Top 75 at number 61 and on the Ireland Albums Top 75 at number 30.[27] By July 2008, the album had sold 7.23 million copies in the United States,[28] and it was certified six times Platinum by the RIAA on November 21, 2000.[29] It is Dr. Dre's best selling album, as his previous album, The Chronic, was certified three times Platinum.[30]

Critical response

The album was generally well-received by critics. In Rolling Stone's The Immortals - The Greatest Artists of All Time, where Dr. Dre was listed at number 54, Kanye West talked of how the track "Xxplosive" inspired him: "'Xxplosive', off 2001, that's [where] I got my entire sound from—if you listen to the track, it's got a soul beat, but it's done with those heavy Dre drums. Listen to 'This Can't Be Life,' a track I did for Jay-Z's Dynasty album, and then listen to 'Xxplosive'. It's a direct bite."[31] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic stated, "2001 isn't as consistent or striking as Slim Shady, but the music is always brimming with character."[5] Entertainment Weekly's Tom Sinclair praised the production, calling it "uncharacteristically sparse sound" from Dr. Dre and that it was as "addictive as it was back when over 3 million record buyers got hooked on The Chronic and Snoop Dogg's Dre-produced Doggystyle" and went on to commend Dr. Dre, stating, "If any rap producer deserves the title "composer", it's he."[6] NME mentioned that Dr. Dre didn't expand the genre, but it was "powerful enough in parts, but not clever enough to give Will Smith the fear".[9] PopMatters writer Chris Massey declared that "Musically, 2001 is about as close to brilliant as any one gangsta rap album might possibly get."[10] Christopher John Farley of Time stated that "The beats are fresh and involving, and Dre's collaborations with Eminem and Snoop Dogg have ferocity and wit."[32]

The album received negative criticism. Rock critic Robert Christgau of The Village Voice gave 2001 a C rating and wrote unfavorably of Dr. Dre's misogynistic lyrics, stating "It's a New Millennium, but he's Still S.L.I.M.E.".[16] Allmusic's Erlewine talked of how the number of guest rappers affected the album, and questioned his reasons for collaborating with "pedestrian rappers". He claimed that "the album suffers considerably as a result [of these collaborations]". Erlewine criticized the lyrics, which he said were repetitive and full of "gangsta clichés".[5] Sinclair mentioned similar views of the lyrics, calling them "filthy", but noted "none of [this] should diminish Dre's achievement".[6] NME spoke of how the lyrics were too explicit, stating, "As the graphic grooves stretch out, littered with gunfire, bombings and 'copters over Compton, and the bitch-beating baton is handed from Knock-Turnal to Kurupt, 2001 reaches gangsta-rap parody-level with too many tracks coming off like porno-Wu outtakes."[9] Massey referred to the lyrics as a "caricature of an ethos [rather] than a reflection of any true prevailing beliefs."[10] In its March 2006 issue, Hip Hop Connection ranked 2001 number 10 on its list of the 100 Best Albums (1995–2005) in hip hop.[33]

Track listing

Credits for 2001 adapted from RapBasement.com.[34]

No.TitleLyricsFeatured artist(s)Length
1."Lolo" (Intro) Xzibit & Tray Deee0:41
2."The Watcher"Eminem 3:26
3."Fuck You"Hittman, Devin the Dude & Snoop DoggDevin the Dude & Snoop Dogg3:25
4."Still D.R.E."Jay-ZSnoop Dogg4:30
5."Big Ego's"The D.O.C. & HittmanHittman3:57
6."Xxplosive"Hittman, Kurupt, Nate Dogg & Six-TwoHittman, Kurupt, Nate Dogg & Six-Two3:35
7."What's the Difference"Eminem & XzibitEminem & Xzibit4:04
8."Bar One" (Skit) Traci Nelson, Ms. Roq & Eddie Griffin0:51
9."Light Speed"HittmanHittman2:40
10."Forgot About Dre"EminemEminem3:42
11."The Next Episode"Hittman & Snoop DoggSnoop Dogg2:41
12."Let's Get High"Eminem, Hittman, Kurupt & Ms. RoqHittman, Kurupt & Ms. Roq2:27
13."Bitch Niggaz"Snoop Dogg, Hittman & Six-TwoSnoop Dogg, Hittman & Six-Two4:13
14."The Car Bomb" (Skit) Mel-Man, Charis Henry1:00
15."Murder Ink"Hittman & Ms. RoqHittman & Ms. Roq2:28
16."Ed-Ucation" (Skit) Eddie Griffin1:32
17."Some L.A. Niggaz"DeFari, Xzibit, Knoc-Turn'al, Time Bomb, King T & HittmanDeFari, Xzibit, Knoc-turn'al, Time Bomb, King T, MC Ren & Kokane4:25
18."Pause 4 Porno" (Skit) Jake Steed1:32
19."Housewife"The D.O.C., Kurupt & HittmanKurupt & Hittman4:02
20."Ackrite"HittmanHittman3:39
21."Bang Bang"Eminem, Knoc-Turn'al & HittmanKnoc-turn'al & Hittman3:42
22."The Message"Royce Da 5'9"Mary J. Blige & Rell5:29
Notes
  • All songs produced by Dr. Dre and Mel-Man, except "The Message" produced by Lord Finesse.
  • "Xxplosive", "Murder Ink", "Some L.A. Niggaz" and "Ackrite" doesn't feature Dr. Dre as a performer.
  • "Bitch Niggaz" features scratches by DJ Pen.
Sample Credits[34][35]

Chart history

Chart positions

Chart procession and succession

Preceded by US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums number-one album
December 04, 1999 – December 24, 1999
March 11, 2000 – March 14, 2000 		Succeeded by

Personnel

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Jon Pareles (November 14, 1999). The Street Talk, He Says, Is a Bum Rap. The New York Times. Accessed May 25, 2008.
  2. ^ Soren Baker (October 29, 2002). Royce Da 5'9" Isn't Eminem's Shadow. MTV. Accessed July 22, 2007.
  3. ^ Selina Thompson. Royce Da 5'9 Interview. The Situation. Accessed June 12, 2008.
  4. ^ Dr. Dre - Pretox CD 1. DatPiff.com. Accessed May 12, 2008.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Stephen Thomas Erlewine. 2001 > Overview. Allmusic. Accessed May 21, 2008.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Tom Sinclair (November 15, 1999). Music Review - 2001 (1999). Entertainment Weekly. Accessed May 21, 2008.
  7. ^ Scott Storch's Outrageous Fortune. Rolling Stone (June 29, 2006). Accessed May 25, 2008.
  8. ^ Josh Tyrangiel (September 15, 2001). In the Doctor's House. Time. Accessed May 25, 2008.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Review: 2001. NME (November 18, 1999). Accessed May 21, 2008. Archived 2009-05-14.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Chris Massey. Review: 2001. PopMatters. Accessed May 21, 2008.
  11. ^ a b c Jon Pareles (November 14, 1999). Music; Still Tough, Still Authentic. Still Relevant?. The New York Times. Accessed May 25, 2008.
  12. ^ Jason Birchmeier. Scott Storch > Biography. Allmusic. Accessed May 24, 2008.
  13. ^ a b c d 2001 - Billboard Singles. Allmusic. Accessed May 24, 2008.
  14. ^ a b c UK Top 40 Hit Database. everyHit.com. Accessed May 24, 2008. Note: User must define search parameters, i.e., "Dr Dre".
  15. ^ a b c Grammy Searchable database. Grammy. Accessed May 24, 2008. Note: User must define search parameters, i.e., "Dr. Dre"
  16. ^ a b Christgau, Robert. "Review: 2001". The Village Voice: February 6, 2001. Archived from the original on 2009-08-12. Accessed 2009-08-14.
  17. ^ Calendar Writers. Review: 2001. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on 2009-07-11.
  18. ^ Hoard, Christian. "Review: 2001". Rolling Stone: 249. November 2, 2004.
  19. ^ "Review: 2001". The Source (January 2000): pp.185–6. Archived from the original on 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2009-07-12. {{cite journal}}: |page= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ XXL (2007). "Retrospective: XXL Albums". XXL Magazine, December 2007 issue.
  21. ^ Columnist. Korn Is Cream Of New Chart Crop. Billboard. Retrieved on 2010-05-12.
  22. ^ R&B/Hip-Hop Albums - Week of December 04, 1999. Billboard. Retrieved on 2010-05-12.
  23. ^ a b c Snoop Dogg - Charts and Awards. Allmusic. Accessed May 25, 2008.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h Dr. Dre - 2001. NewZealandCharts. Accessed May 25, 2008.
  25. ^ The Billboard 200 2000. Billboard. Accessed May 25, 2008.
  26. ^ Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums 2000. Billboard. Accessed May 25, 2008.
  27. ^ a b c Dr. Dre - 2001 Music Charts. aCharts. Accessed May 25, 2008.
  28. ^ Cohen, Jonathan. "Dr. Dre: 'Detox' Due In 'November Or December'". Billboard. July 23, 2007.
  29. ^ RIAA Searchable database - 2001. Recording Industry Association of America. Accessed May 25, 2008.
  30. ^ RIAA Searchable database - The Chronic. Recording Industry Association of America. Accessed May 25, 2008.
  31. ^ Kanye West (April 7, 2005). The Immortals - The Greatest Artists of All Time. Rolling Stone. Accessed May 21, 2008.
  32. ^ Christopher John Farley (November 29, 1999). Review: 2001. Time. Accessed May 21, 2008.
  33. ^ Staff. "100 Best Album (1995–2005)". Hip Hop Connection: Issue #198. March 2006. Accessed 2009-08-14. Archived 2009-08-16.
  34. ^ a b The Chronic 2001: Credits. RapBasement.com. Retrieved on 2010-10-09.
  35. ^ Dr. Dre's Sample-Based Music. WhoSampled.com. Retrieved on 2011-01-09.
  36. ^ "Top Albums/CDs - Volume 70, No. 15, February 21 2000". RPM. Retrieved 2010-10-11. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  37. ^ "2001 - Dr. Dre". Billboard. 2009-06-06. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  38. ^ "Year-end Charts: The Billboard 200". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  39. ^ "Year-end Charts: Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums ". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  40. ^ "Best of the 2000s: Billboard 200 Albums". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  41. ^ "Best of the 2000s: R&B/Hip-Hop Albums". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2011-01-10.

References

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