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For the lead singer of the band Scandal, see Patty Smyth. For other persons of the same name, see Patricia Smith (disambiguation).
Patti Smith
Born (1946-12-30) December 30, 1946 (age 77)
Chicago, Illinois

Patricia Lee "Patti" Smith (born December 30, 1946)[1] is an American singer-songwriter, poet and visual artist, who became a highly influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album Horses.[2] Called the "Godmother of Punk",[3] her work was a fusion of rock and poetry. Smith's most widely known song is "Because the Night", which was co-written with Bruce Springsteen and reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1978.[2] In 2005, Patti Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Minister of Culture,[4] and in 2007, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[5] On November 17, 2010, she won the National Book Award for her memoir Just Kids.

Early years

Patricia Lee Smith was born in Chicago.[1] Her mother, Beverly, was a waitress, and her father, Grant, worked at the Honeywell plant. She spent her entire childhood in Deptford Township, New Jersey,[6][dead link][7] raised as a Jehovah's Witness. She had a strong religious upbringing and a Bible education, but left organized religion as a teenager because she felt it was too confining; much later, she wrote the line "Jesus died for somebody's sins, but not mine" in her cover version of Them's "Gloria" in response to this experience.[8] Smith graduated from Deptford Township High School in 1964 and went to work in a factory.[2][9]

Career

1967–1973: New York

In 1967, she left Glassboro State College (now Rowan University) and moved to New York City. She met photographer Robert Mapplethorpe there while working at a book store with a friend, poet Janet Hamill. She and Mapplethorpe had an intense romantic relationship, which was tumultuous as they dealt with times of poverty, and Mapplethorpe with his own sexuality. Smith considers Mapplethorpe to be one of the most important people in her life, and in her book Just Kids refers to him as "the artist of my life". Mapplethorpe's photographs of her became the covers for the Patti Smith Group LPs, and they remained friends until Mapplethorpe's death in 1989.[10] In 1969 she went to Paris with her sister and started busking and doing performance art.[6] When Smith returned to New York City, she lived in the Hotel Chelsea with Mapplethorpe; they frequented Max's Kansas City and CBGB. Smith provided the spoken word soundtrack for Sandy Daley's art film Robert Having His Nipple Pierced, starring Mapplethorpe. The same year Smith appeared with Wayne County in Jackie Curtis' play Femme Fatale. As a member of the St. Mark's Poetry Project, she spent the early 70's painting, writing, and performing. In 1971 she performed – for one night only – in Cowboy Mouth,[11] a play that she co-wrote with Sam Shepard (The published play's notes call for "a man who looks like a coyote and a woman who looks like a crow".) She wrote several poems, "for sam shepard"[12] and "Sam Shepard: 9 Random Years (7 + 2)"[13] about her relationship with Shepard.

Smith was briefly considered for the lead singer position in Blue Öyster Cult. She contributed lyrics to several of the band's songs, including "Debbie Denise" (inspired by her poem "In Remembrance of Debbie Denise"), "Baby Ice Dog", "Career of Evil", "Fire of Unknown Origin", "The Revenge of Vera Gemini" (on which she performs duet vocals), and "Shooting Shark". She was romantically involved at the time with the band's keyboardist Allen Lanier. During these years, Smith also wrote rock journalism, some of which was published in Rolling Stone and Creem.[14]

1974–1979: Patti Smith Group

Performing at Tivoli Concert Hall, Copenhagen, October 6, 1976

By 1974, Patti Smith was performing rock music herself, initially with guitarist and rock archivist Lenny Kaye, and later with a full band comprising Kaye, Ivan Kral on bass, Jay Dee Daugherty on drums and Richard Sohl, on piano. Ivan Kral was a refugee from Czechoslovakia, fleeing in 1968 after the fall of Alexander Dubček. Financed by Sam Wagstaff, the band recorded a first single, "Hey Joe / Piss Factory", in 1974. The A-side was a version of the rock standard with the addition of a spoken word piece about fugitive heiress Patty Hearst ("Patty Hearst, you're standing there in front of the Symbionese Liberation Army flag with your legs spread, I was wondering were you gettin' it every night from a black revolutionary man and his women...").[15] The B-side describes the helpless anger Smith had felt while working on a factory assembly line and the salvation she discovered in the form of a shoplifted book, the 19th century French poet Arthur Rimbaud's Illuminations.[2]

"Gloria"
"Dancing Barefoot"
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The Patti Smith Group was signed by Clive Davis of Arista Records, and in 1975 recorded their first album, Horses, produced by John Cale amid some tension. The album fused punk rock and spoken poetry and begins with a cover of Van Morrison's "Gloria", and Smith's opening words: "Jesus died for somebody's sins but not mine" (an excerpt from "Oath," one of her early poems). The austere cover photograph by Mapplethorpe has become one of rock's classic images.[16] As the popularity of punk rock grew, Patti Smith Group toured the United States and Europe. The rawer sound of the group's second album, Radio Ethiopia, reflected this. Considerably less accessible than Horses, Radio Ethiopia initially received poor reviews. However, several of its songs have stood the test of time, and Smith still performs them regularly in concert.[17]

On January 23, 1977, while touring in support of Radio Ethiopia, Smith accidentally danced off a high stage in Tampa, Florida and fell 15 feet into a concrete orchestra pit, breaking several neck vertebrae.[18] The injury required a period of rest and an intensive round of physical therapy, during which time she was able to reassess, re-energize and reorganize her life. Patti Smith Group produced two further albums before the end of the 1970s. Easter (1978) was her most commercially successful record, containing the single "Because the Night" co-written with Bruce Springsteen. Wave (1979) was less successful, although the songs "Frederick" and "Dancing Barefoot" both received commercial airplay.[19]

1980–1995: Marriage

"People Have the Power"
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Before the release of Wave, Smith, now separated from long-time partner Allen Lanier, met Fred "Sonic" Smith, former guitar player for Detroit rock band MC5 and his own Sonic's Rendezvous Band, who adored poetry as much as she did. (Wave's "Dancing Barefoot" and "Frederick" were both dedicated to him.)[20] The running joke at the time was that she only married Fred because she would not have to change her name.[21] They had a son, Jackson (b. 1982), who would go on to marry The White Stripes drummer, Meg White in 2009, and a daughter, Jesse (b. 1987). Through most of the 1980s Patti Smith was in semi-retirement from music, living with her family north of Detroit in St. Clair Shores, Michigan. In June 1988, she released the album Dream of Life, which included the song "People Have the Power". Fred Smith died on November 4, 1994 of a myocardial infarction. Shortly afterward, Patti faced the unexpected death of her brother Todd[6] and original keyboard player Richard Sohl. When her son Jackson turned 14, Smith decided to move back to New York. After the impact of these deaths, her friends Michael Stipe of R.E.M. and Allen Ginsberg (whom she had known since her early years in New York) urged her to go back out on the road. She toured briefly with Bob Dylan in December 1995 (chronicled in a book of photographs by Stipe).[11]

1996–2003: Re-emergence

"Summer Cannibals"
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In 1996, Smith worked with her long-time colleagues to record Gone Again, featuring "About a Boy", a tribute to Kurt Cobain. Smith was a fan of Cobain, but was more angered than saddened by his suicide. That same year she collaborated with Stipe on "E-Bow the Letter", a song on R.E.M.'s New Adventures in Hi-Fi, which she has also performed live with the band.[22] After release of Gone Again, Patti Smith had recorded two new albums: Peace and Noise in 1997 (with the single "1959", about the invasion of Tibet) and Gung Ho in 2000 (with songs about Ho Chi Minh and Smith's late father). Songs "1959" and "Glitter in Their Eyes" were nominated for Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.[23] A box set of her work up to that time, The Patti Smith Masters, came out in 1996, and 2002 saw the release of Land (1975–2002), a two-CD compilation that includes a memorable cover of Prince's "When Doves Cry". Smith's solo art exhibition Strange Messenger was hosted at The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh on September 28, 2002.[24]

2004–present

"Jubilee"
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TIM festival, Marina da Glória,
Rio de Janeiro, October 28, 2006

On April 27, 2004 Patti Smith released Trampin' which included several songs about motherhood, partly in tribute to Smith's mother, who had died two years before. It was her first album on Columbia Records, soon to become a sister label to her previous home Arista Records. Smith curated the Meltdown festival in London on June 25, 2005, the penultimate event being the first live performance of Horses in its entirety.[25] Guitarist Tom Verlaine took Oliver Ray's place. This live performance was released later in the year as Horses/Horses.

On July 10, 2005, Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture.[4] In addition to her influence on rock music, the Minister also noted Smith's appreciation of Arthur Rimbaud. In August 2005, Smith gave a literary lecture about the poems of Arthur Rimbaud and William Blake. On October 15, 2006, Patti Smith performed at the CBGB nightclub, with a 3½-hour tour de force to close out Manhattan's music venue. She took the stage at 9:30 p.m. (EDT) and closed for the night (and forever for the venue) at a few minutes after 1:00 a.m., performing her song "Elegie", and finally reading a list of punk rock musicians and advocates who had died in the previous years.[26]

Smith was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 12, 2007.[5] She dedicated her award to the memory of her late husband, Fred, and gave a performance of The Rolling Stones staple "Gimme Shelter". As the closing number of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony, Smith's "People Have the Power" was used for the big celebrity jam that always ends the program.[27]
From November 2006 - January 2007, an exhibition called 'Sur les Traces'[28] at Trolley Gallery, London, featured polaroid prints taken by Patti Smith and donated to Trolley to raise awareness and funds for the publication of Double Blind, a book on the war in Lebanon in 2006, with photographs by Paolo Pellegrin, a member of Magnum Photos. She also participated in the DVD commentary for Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters. From March 28 to June 22, 2008, the Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain in Paris hosted a major exhibition of the visual artwork of Patti Smith, Land 250, drawn from pieces created between 1967 and 2007.[29] At the 2008 Rowan Commencement ceremony, Smith received an honorary doctorate degree for her contributions to popular culture.

Smith is the subject of a 2008 documentary film, Patti Smith: Dream of Life.[30] A live album by Patti Smith and Kevin Shields, The Coral Sea was released in July 2008. On September 10, 2009, after a week of smaller events and exhibitions in the city, Smith played an open-air concert in Florence's Piazza Santa Croce, commemorating her performance in the same city 30 years earlier.[31] In 2010, Patti Smith's book, Just Kids, a memoir of her time in 1970s Manhattan and her relationship with Robert Mapplethorpe, was published.[32] On April 30, 2010 Patti Smith headlined a benefit concert headed by band-mate Tony Shanahan, for The Court Tavern of New Brunswick.[33] Smith's set included "Gloria", "Because the Night" and "People Have the Power."

On May 17, 2010, Patti Smith received an honorary doctorate in fine arts from Pratt Institute, along with architect Daniel Libeskind, MoMA director Glenn Lowry, former NYC Landmarks Commissioner Barbaralee Diamonstein-Spielvogel, novelist Jonathan Lethem, and director Steven Soderbergh.[34] Following the conferral of her degree, Smith delivered the commencement address[35] and sang/played two songs accompanied by long-time band member Lenny Kaye. In her remarks, Smith explained that in 1967 when she moved to New York City (Brooklyn), she would never have been accepted into Pratt, but most of her friends (including Mapplethorpe) were students at Pratt and she spent countless hours on the Pratt campus. She added that it was through her friends and their Pratt professors that she learned much of her own artistic skills, making the honour from the institute particularly poignant for Smith 43 years later.[36]

Activism

In 1993, Smith contributed "Memorial Tribute (Live)" to the AIDS-Benefit Album No Alternative produced by the Red Hot Organization.

Furthermore, Smith has been a supporter of the Green Party and backed Ralph Nader in the 2000 United States presidential election.[37] She led the crowd singing "Over the Rainbow" and "People Have the Power" at the campaign's rallies, and also performed at several of Nader's subsequent "Democracy Rising" events.[38][dead link] Smith was a speaker and singer at the first protests against the Iraq War organized by Louis Posner of Voter March on September 12, 2002, as U.S. President George W. Bush spoke to the United Nations General Assembly. Smith supported Democratic candidate John Kerry in the 2004 election. Bruce Springsteen continued performing her "People Have the Power" at Vote for Change campaign events. In the winter of 2004/2005, Smith toured again with Nader in a series of rallies against the Iraq War and calls for the impeachment of George W. Bush.[37]

Smith premiered two new protest songs in London in September 2006.[39] Louise Jury, writing in The Independent, characterized them as "an emotional indictment of American and Israeli foreign policy". Song "Qana"[mp3] was about the Israeli airstrike on the Lebanese village of Qana. "Without Chains"[mp3] is about Murat Kurnaz, a Turkish citizen who was born and raised in Germany, held at Guantanamo Bay detainment camp for four years. Jury's article quotes Smith as saying:

I wrote both these songs directly in response to events that I felt outraged about. These are injustices against children and the young men and women who are being incarcerated. I'm an American, I pay taxes in my name and they are giving millions and millions of dollars to a country such as Israel and cluster bombs and defense technology and those bombs were dropped on common citizens in Qana. It's terrible. It's a human rights violation.

In an interview, Smith stated that Kurnaz's family has contacted her and that she wrote a short preface for the book that he was writing.[40] Kurnaz's book, "Five Years of My Life," was published in English by Palgrave Macmillan in March 2008, with Patti's introduction.[41]

On March 26, 2003, ten days after Rachel Corrie's death, Smith appeared in Austin, Texas, and performed an anti-war concert. She prefaced her song "Wild Leaves" with the following comments and subsequently wrote a new song "Peaceable Kingdom" which was inspired by and is dedicated to Rachel Corrie.[42]

In 2009, in her Meltdown concert in Festival Hall, she paid homage to the Iranians taking part in post-election protests by saying "Where is My Vote?" in a version of the song "People Have the Power".[43]

Influence

Smith has been a great source of inspiration for Michael Stipe of R.E.M. Listening to her album Horses when he was 15 made a huge impact on him; he said later, "I decided then that I was going to start a band."[44] In 1998, Stipe published a collection of photos called Two Times Intro: On the Road with Patti Smith. Stipe sings backing vocals on Smith's songs "Last Call" and "Glitter in Their Eyes." Patti also sings background vocals on R.E.M.'s songs "E-Bow the Letter" and Blue.

In 2004, Shirley Manson of Garbage spoke of Smith's influence on her in Rolling Stone's issue "The Immortals: 100 Greatest Artists of All Time", in which Patti Smith was counted number 47.[45] The Smiths members Morrissey and Johnny Marr shared an appreciation for Smith's Horses, and reveal that their song "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle" is a reworking of one of the album's tracks, "Kimberly".[46] In 2004, Sonic Youth released an album called Hidros 3 (to Patti Smith).[47] U2 also cites Patti Smith as an influence.[48] In 2005 Scottish singer-songwriter KT Tunstall released the single "Suddenly I See" as a tribute of sorts to Patti Smith.[49] Canadian actress Ellen Page frequently mentions Smith as one of her idols and has done various photo shoots replicating famous Smith photos.[50] In 1978 and 1979, Gilda Radner portrayed a character called Candy Slice on Saturday Night Live based on Smith.

Band members

Bowery Ballroom, New York City, December 31, 2007
1974
1975–1979
1988
1996–2006
  • Lenny Kaye – guitar
  • Jay Dee Daugherty – drums
  • Tony Shanahan – bass, keyboards
  • Oliver Ray – guitar
2007–present

Discography

Main article: Patti Smith discography

Studio albums

Other albums

Bibliography

Further reading

  • Johnstone, Nick (1997). Patti Smith: A Biography. illustrated by Nick Johnstone. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 9780711961937. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Bockris, Victor (1999-09-14). Patti Smith: An Unauthorized Biography. translated by Jesús Llorente Sanjuán. New York City: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780684823638. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • McNeil, Legs (2006-05-09). Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk. Grove Press. ISBN 9780802142641. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Shaw, Philip (2008). Horses. Continuum. ISBN 9780826427922.
  • Stefanko, Frank (2006-10-24). Patti Smith: American Artist. San Rafael: Insight Editions. ISBN 9781933784069.
  • Tarr, Joe (2008-05-30). The Words and Music of Patti Smith. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 9780275994112.

References

  1. ^ a b Bockris, Victor; Bayley, Roberta (1999), Patti Smith: an unauthorized biography, Simon and Schuster, p. 19, ISBN 9780684823638
  2. ^ a b c d Huey, Steve. "Patti Smith > Biography". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
  3. ^ Dargis, Manohla (2008-08-06). "Patti Smith: Dream of Life". The New York Times. New York City: The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2009-04-18. Godmother of Punk, Celebrator of Life
  4. ^ a b "Remise des insignes de Commandeur dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres à Patti Smith "Solidays"" (in French). Paris: French Ministry of Culture. 2005-07-10. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
  5. ^ a b "Patti Smith". Cleveland, Ohio: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2007. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
  6. ^ a b c "Patti Smith – Biography. "Three chord rock merged with the power of the word"". Arista Records. 1996. Archived from the original on June 11, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ^ LaGorce, Tammy (2005-12-11). "Patti Smith, New Jersey's Truest Rock-Poet". The New York Times. New York City: The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2010-07-20. But of all the ways to know Patti Smith, few people, including Ms. Smith, would think to embrace her as Deptford Township's proudest export.
  8. ^ Robertson, Jessica (2007). "Exclusive Interview with Patti Smith". Spinner. AOL. Retrieved 2008-02-04. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  9. ^ Smith, Patti (2010). Just Kids, p. 20. HarperCollins, New York. ISBN 978-0-06-621131-2.
  10. ^ Smith, Patti (1997-10-17). "A conversation with singer Patti Smith" (Video) (Interview). Retrieved 2011-01-12. {{cite interview}}: More than one of |subject= and |last= specified (help); Unknown parameter |callsign= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |city= ignored (|location= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |program= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |subjectlink= ignored (|subject-link= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ a b "Patti Smith: Biography". The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll. Rolling Stone. 2001. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  12. ^ "for sam shepard," in Creem Sept. 1971 link
  13. ^ included in Angel City, Curse of the Starving Class & Other Plays (1976), (bibliographic information)
  14. ^ Khanna, Vish (2007). "Patti Smith Fights the Good Fight - Timeline". Canada: Exclaim!. Retrieved 2008-12-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. ^ "Hey Joe lyrics". Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  16. ^ "Seventies' Greatest Album Covers". Rolling Stone. 1991-11-14. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  17. ^ "Patti Smith setlists, 2007". Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  18. ^ "Patti Smith chronology". Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  19. ^ Smith, Patti (2002). "Song of the Week: Dancing Barefoot". Archived from the original on 2008-01-12. Retrieved 2008-02-26.[dead link]
  20. ^ Deming, Mark. "Dancing Barefoot". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  21. ^ "Babel-list". 1999. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  22. ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "New Adventures in Hi-Fi". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  23. ^ "Grammy Awards: Best Rock Vocal Performance - Female". Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  24. ^ "The Andy Warhol Museum Announces Patti Smith Performance and Retrospective Exhibition" (PDF). The Andy Warhol Museum. 2002-05-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 31, 2006. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
  25. ^ Vulliamy, Ed (2005-06-03). "Some give a song. Some give a life..." London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  26. ^ Pareles, Jon (2006-10-16). "Fans of a Groundbreaking Club Mourn and Then Move On". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  27. ^ "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 2007 Induction". Spinner. 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  28. ^ "Sur les Traces". Trolley Gallery Books. Trolley Gallery. Retrieved 2010-07-20.
  29. ^ "Patti Smith, Land 250". Fondation Cartier. 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
  30. ^ Patti Smith: Dream of Life, Variety, January 29, 2008. Accessed online May 23, 2008.
  31. ^ Patti Smith and Florence, a never-ending story, Agenzia per il Turismo, Firenze, July, 2009. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
  32. ^ Carson, Tom (2010-01-29). "The Night Belongs to Us". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  33. ^ Jordan, Chris (April 30, 2010). "Patti Smith, Bands Unite to Save the Court Tavern in New Brunswick". Courier News. Gannett Company. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  34. ^ Pratt Institute's 2010 Commencement Ceremony at Radio City Music Hall
  35. ^ / Video of Smith's speech
  36. ^ Patti Smith doesn't disappoint at Pratt's commencement
  37. ^ a b Arthur, Deyva (2005). "Patti Smith reaffirms that people have the power". Volume 9 / Issue 2. Green Pages. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  38. ^ "History of Democracy Rising". Democracy Rising. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  39. ^ Jury, Louise (2006-09-09). "Patti Smith Rails Against Israel and US". The Independent. London: Independent Print Limited. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  40. ^ Tayla, Alican (2007). "Bir Kamu Çalışanı Olarak". Roll (123). Istanbul, Turkey: 28. ISSN 1307-4628. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  41. ^ Macmillan: Five Years of My Life: An Innocent Man in Guantanamo Murat Kurnaz: Books
  42. ^ Jury, Louise (2006-03-25). "Jewish Pressure Drives Gaza Play Out of New York". The Independent. London: Independent Print Limited. Retrieved 2009-02-26.
  43. ^ "Patti Smith - People Have The Power". June 18, 2009.
  44. ^ Scaggs, Austin (2004-10-06). "Q&A: Michael Stipe". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  45. ^ Manson, Shirley (2004-04-15). "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Issue 946. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  46. ^ Goddard, Simon (2006-05-01). The Smiths: Songs That Saved Your Life (3rd ed.). Reynolds & Hearn. ISBN 1-905-28714-3. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  47. ^ "Hidros 3 (To Patti Smith)". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  48. ^ Wenner, Jann (2005-11-03). "Bono Interview". Issue 986. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  49. ^ Lamb, Bill, KT Tunstall - Suddenly I See, Top40.About.Com, Retrieved October 26, 2007 [1]
  50. ^ O'Brien, Glen (2008). "Ellen Page". Interview Magazine (March 2008). Peter Brant. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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