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Dennis Rea
Dennis Rea (photo: Anne Joiner)
Dennis Rea (photo: Anne Joiner)
Background information
Born (1957-07-07) July 7, 1957 (age 67)
OriginChicago, Illinois, United States
GenresJazz
Experimental rock
Art rock
Electronic music
World music
Progressive rock
Ambient music
Occupation(s)Musician, writer, editor, event/concert organizer
Instrument(s)Guitar
Piano
Chorded zither
Kalimba
Years active1977–present
LabelsMoontower Records, Sky Records, China Record Company, Soundtrack Boulevard Music, First World Music, Infrasound, HipSync, Prudence, Periplum, Extreme, Linden, Palace of Lights, Noise Asia, Materiali Sonori, Moonjune Records
WebsiteDennis Rea website
MySpace: Dennis Rea

Dennis Rea (born 7 July 1957[1]) is an American guitarist, writer and music event organizer currently living in Seattle. Rea first came to prominence as a member of the electronic music group Earthstar in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He is probably best known in the West as a musician for his work with the quintet Moraine and with Jeff Greinke in Land. Rea's first solo album, Shadow In Dreams (1990), is notable as one of the first releases in mainland China by a western musician on the state record label.[1]

Rea has collaborated with Hector Zazou, Trey Gunn (formerly of King Crimson), and current REM and former Ministry drummer Bill Rieflin.[2][3] Rea's music ranges from jazz to adventurous rock to world music to electronic music. He has performed on three continents at events including the WOMAD Festival, Beijing International Jazz Festival,[4] NEARfest,[5] Bumbershoot Arts Festival, and the Earshot Jazz Festival.[4][6] He also served as the co-director of the annual Seattle Improvised Music Festival for over a decade.[7]

Early years

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Rea grew up in Utica, New York. He first took up the guitar at the age of nine, inspired by Mike Nesmith of The Monkees, not realizing that the band did not even play their own instruments at the time.[8][9]

Two of Rea's most important influences were the György Ligeti compositions on the 2001: A Space Odyssey soundtrack and the King Crimson album In the Court of the Crimson King. In a 2001 interview in Exposé magazine Rea comments on the impact on his music: "The former opened my ears to expanded conceptions of form and tonality and to the world of 'extended' instrumental technique, and Ligeti remains my favorite composer to this day. The latter showed me that rock music could be so much more than the usual foursquare pounding with juvenile lyrics."[10]

Other music which influenced Rea's development included progressive rock and jazz bands Gentle Giant, Matching Mole, Van der Graaf Generator, Henry Cow, and Centipede. He credits King Crimson and Soft Machine with his abiding interest in modern jazz and credits his brother with introducing him to the music of Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Eric Dolphy, Albert Ayler,[10] and Ornette Coleman. Rea also cites experimental classical composers Krzysztof Penderecki, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and John Cage as lasting influences. Guitarists who influenced Rea's playing style include John Abercrombie, Terje Rypdal, John McLaughlin, and Ralph Towner[8]

In the early 1970s Rea formed what he describes as an "eccentric progressive rock band", Zuir,[1][10] with bassist Norm Peach and drummer Daniel Zongrone.[9] The three young musicians decided to skip college to pursue their musical careers. In 1975 the trio moved to Seattle but found no more interest in their music than they had found in upstate New York, returning to Utica the following year.[8] In an interview in Exposé Magazine Rea recalled that Zuir was "perhaps the first out-of-state rock band to seek its fortune in Seattle - only 20 years too early."[10]

Musical career

Earthstar

Earthstar was the brainchild of keyboardist/synthesist Craig Wuest. A native of Utica, New York, Wuest was heavily influenced by the German electronic music scene of the 1970s,[11] including Klaus Schulze, Popol Vuh, Tangerine Dream, Kraftwerk, and Harmonia. Earthstar was born out of the partnership of Wuest and the members of Zuir, plus other Utica-area musicians. In 1977 Earthstar was signed by Nashville-based Moontower Records, who released the group's first album, Salterbarty Tales, the following year.[12] Earthstar also began recording its second album, French Skyline, in 1978. Rea recalls concerts during the period when Earthstar was in Utica: "The group performed live only a handful of times, mostly at inappropriate venues like roadhouse bars and college beer halls, with predictable results."[10]

Craig Wuest was an admirer of electronic music pioneer Klaus Schulze, with whom he struck up a correspondence. Schulze encouraged Wuest and Earthstar to come to Germany.[11] Wuest sold his grand piano, which had played a prominent part on Salterbarty Tales, to finance the move.[10] Rea and other Earthstar musicians joined Wuest in Germany to continue work on French Skyline. Rea describes his own decision to travel to Germany in his 2006 book Live At The Forbidden City:

"I was one of several old Utica mates invited to participate in the project. Since the prospect of making a record with international music luminaries was an offer I couldn't refuse, I dropped my plans to attend music school and instead spent half a year in the countryside near Hannover working on Earthstar sessions..."[8]

Earthstar was signed by Hamburg-based Sky Records, who released the group's next three albums beginning with French Skyline in 1979.[13][14] Earthstar is notable as the only American band who participated in Germany's Kosmische Musik/electronic music scene while still at its height.[10] The association with Klaus Schulze guaranteed Earthstar recognition and respectable record sales by German electronic music standards.

During parts of 1979 and 1980 Rea lived near the town of Celle. In addition to guitar he played chorded zither and piano during subsequent Earthstar sessions and composed pieces which appeared on the third album, Atomkraft? Nein, Danke! (1981),[15] and on tracks for a fourth album, Sleeper, the Nightlifer, which was never released.[3][11] Rea left Earthstar after the Sleeper, the Nightlifer sessions and did not appear on the group's final album.[16]

1982 - 1989: Seattle and New York

Rea returned to Seattle after the Earthstar sessions, where he met electronic composer Kerry Leimer, who had released a number of albums on the independent Palace of Lights record label.[17] In 1981 Leimer, looking to create experimental electronic music that was also danceable, had formed the group Savant.[8][18] Rea joined Savant in 1982, contributing to the album The Neo-Realist (at Risk),[19][20] described by Downbeat magazine as "pan-ethnic techno-dub music." At about the same time Rea met ambient musician and composer Jeff Greinke, with whom he would later collaborate extensively.[8]

In 1983 Rea moved to New York City[21] where he once again worked with ex-Zuir and Earthstar member Daniel Zongrone. The pair composed music for an exhibition of painter (and former Earthstar violinist) Daryl Trivieri's work at the Semaphore East Gallery in the East Village in 1985.[22]

Rea returned to Seattle in late 1986.[23] There he co-directed the second Seattle Improvised Music Festival.[7] He also added guitar work to Wally Shoup's 1987 release Upright and to Doug Haire's solo album Locale, which was released in 1992.[24] During this period Rea played with the bands Color Anxiety and Calabatics,[3] with whom he recorded tracks which appeared on compilation albums of Seattle bands in 1988.[25][26] Later that year Rea played guitar on the soundtrack of the motion picture Shredder Orpheus,[27] composed by Roland Barker. Barker, Bill Rieflin, and Amy Denio also took part in the sessions.[23]

1989 - 1990: Chengdu, China

In January 1989, Rea moved to Chengdu, China after his fiancée, Anne Joiner, accepted a teaching position at Chengdu University of Science & Technology as part of an academic exchange.[11][28] Rea also accepted a position teaching English at the university.[29] Rea was approached to perform for the university's guitar club and a young Chinese guitarist, Zhao Xiong, was in attendance. Zhao, who proceeded to take lessons from Rea, was president of the informal Chengdu Guitar Association and he arranged for Rea to perform at venues ranging from schools to the Worker's Cultural Palace and even a textile factory. During this time Rea began interpreting traditional Chinese music[30] which continues to influence his current works.[9] In late spring, 1989, Rea also lectured twice at the Sichuan Music Conservatory, which he described as "the hub of music education in southwest China and Tibet": once on jazz, once on electric guitar technique.[31]

In the wake of the events of June 4-June 6, 1989 in Tiananmen Square and the civil unrest and violence in Chengdu which he witnessed first hand, Rea was one of less than a dozen foreigners still living in the city. To his "lasting embarrassment" he was portrayed on Chinese state television as one of a few "brave foreign friends who stayed through the conflict to show their support for the government's policies."[32]

In late 1989 Rea was granted permission to organize two concerts for students at the university. He was also invited to the studios of state-owned Sichuan Radio to make a multitrack recording which was broadcast throughout the province, and also began to collaborate with well-known regional musicians.[33]

n January 1990 Rea played guitar in support of controversial Chinese pop star Zhang Xing[11] in concerts in Chengdu and Chongqing, making him an instant celebrity in China.[34] In the spring of that year Rea was approached to record and produce an album of his music for state-owned China Records. His first solo album, Shadow In Dreams, was made in just four days at China Records' Chengdu studio. It was released on cassette that summer[35] and sold over 40,000 copies[28][36] throughout the country. The recording was listed among the ten best releases of 1990 by the Communist Party newspaper China Youth Daily.[25][37]

1990 - 1993: Tainan, Taiwan, Identity Crisis, and The Vagaries

In April 1990, Rea and his wife moved to Tainan City, Taiwan. He formed the band Identity Crisis, mainly with other expatriate musicians. Identity Crisis played roughly 30 shows over the winter of 1990-1991 and had a small, largely expatriate following.[38] They found more receptive audiences in mainland China thanks to an invitation to perform by Chinese rocker Cui Jian.[11][39]

Identity Crisis arrived in Beijing in early April, 1991, where they played a number of public and private performances over a 10-day period, including shows featuring Chinese rock bands such as Cobra and ADO, as well as Cui Jian himself.[40][41][42] Cui Jian joined Identity Crisis on stage[28] during one performance at Maxim's.[43] The band then moved on to Chengdu[42] for ten days where Rea arranged five sizable university concerts, a concert staged by Chengdu TV, and smaller performances at a few local bars and pubs. Identity Crisis was also invited by Yang Shichun, who had produced Shadow In Dreams, to record an album for the China Record Company. The release was ultimately blocked by company officials in Beijing for political reasons as Yang had not received proper clearance for an album by a foreign artists. Upon their return to Tainan the members of Identity Crisis found that interest in the band had increased dramatically as a result of their association with Cui Jian.[40][44]

In the fall of 1991 Rea received an invitation to perform and represent the United States in the China International TV Festival. The Vagaries were a new group Rea assembled specifically for the occasion which included keyboardist/saxophonist Roland Barker, drummer Bill Rieflin, keyboardist/vocalist Charley Rowan, and electric bassist Mike Davidson, with rehearsals taking place in Seattle.[45] In addition to the CCTV appearance, which was viewed by hundreds of millions of people in China and neighboring countries,[22][28] The Vagaries toured China[2] with 20 concerts in the cities of Chengdu, Chongqing, Kunming, and Guangzhou (Canton).[22]

In 1992 a crackdown on expatriate musicians by Taiwanese officials caused Identity Crisis to disband. Rea continued to perform with other groups he assembled and continued to teach English until he moved back to Seattle in February 1993.[46]

1993 - 2005: LAND, Eric Apoe and They, Stackpole

In 1993 Jeff Greinke, an ambient musician and composer Rea first met in Seattle in the early 1980s, put together a new ensemble called Land. Greinke had previously been known for his textured compositions but with Land he wanted "to push this layering technique using a four piece band..."[47] Rea and trumpeter Lesli Dalaba were original members and were soon joined by drummer Ed Pias.[48] Rea remained with the group throughout its lifespan. He described Land's music as "an odd blend of jazz, rock, electronic, and world music."[49] in 1993 Rea also supported Greinke on sessions for his solo album Big Weather, released in 1994, adding guitar work to two tracks.[50] Land's eponymous debut album was recorded in 1994 and released by the Australian Extreme label in 1995.[47] All of Land's albums started out as live radio broadcasts with, according to Rea, "...very little re-recording or cosmetic surgery after the fact, so they are accurate representations of the band's live sound."[10]

A May, 1996 concert broadcast formed the basis for most of Land's second album, Archipelago.[51] Later that year Rea arranged for Land to tour China, performing in Beijing, Kunming, and Chengdu,[49] as well as Hong Kong and Macau, in November and December.[52] The tour included a performance at the Beijing International Jazz Festival.[53][54] Rea also performed with Land's Lesli Dalaba (trumpet), guzheng virtuoso Wang Yong, Austrian violinist Andreas Schreiber, Dutch drummer Han Bennink, and Claudio Puntin and Steffen Schorn on horns at Keep In Touch, reportedly China's first internet cafe.[49] The jam session produced a mixture of American style free jazz and European influenced improvisation blended at times with traditional Chinese music. The results were captured on the album Free Touching: Live in Beijing at Keep in Touch, which was released as a double CD in March, 2004.[55][56] February 1997 also saw the recording of "Deep", the final track for Archipelago,[51] with finishing touches completed in July.[48] The album was released later that year.[51] Rea also contributed guitar work to the track "Threads", which appeared on Greinke's 1998 album Swimming.[57]

By 1998 Land had gone through a number of personnel changes and had developed a much harder-edged sound.[10] Andrew Bartlett, writing in a 1999 article in Seattle Weekly, described the music at that time, in part: "LAND's sound is a swirl — a clicking, cascading, jolting mix of sonorities and styles." Rea is quoted in the article: "The current lineup is more of a 'rock' band than earlier editions, and is much more explosive and in-your-face. Our connection with ambient music is pretty tenuous at this point."[58] The final incarnation of the band, which recorded the album Road Movies between June, 1998 and February 1999, included Greinke, Rea, Dalaba, bassist Fred Chalenor, and drummer Bill Rieflin, who had previously worked with Rea in The Vagaries and on the Shredder Orpheus soundtrack. Road Movies was not released until 2001.[59] It was named one of the Top Ten releases of 2001 by Pulse! (Instrumental/Ambient) and the Seattle Weekly (Jazz).[60] Lesli Dalaba decided to leave Land later that year[10] and the remaining members agreed to part company amicably.[52]

In February, 1993 Rea also joined The Furnace, the original band supporting veteran singer-songwriter Eric Apoe. The band gave its first performance on New Year's Eve that year.[61] Rea played electric guitar on Songs of Love and Doom, released in 1996. In the wake of some personnel changes the band was renamed Eric Apoe and They.[62] Rea performed on four additional albums: Dream Asylum (2000), Radioation (2002), Book of Puzzles (2005) and The Man in the Sun (2008),[25] all released on the Soundtrack Boulevard label.[25][63] Apoe describes his music with They as "...a blend of American and European Roots music" with a "...combination of electric and acoustic instruments..."[61]

Between 1998 and 2001 Rea was also the leader of the improvisational free jazz quartet Stackpole,[64] which won a Golden Ear award from Earshot Jazz magazine for Best Northwest Outside Jazz Group in 2000.[2] Stackpole released a self-titled album in 2001.[64] During this period Rea also appeared on albums by Rik Wright and the duo of Craig Flory and Doug Haire. He also contributed to two tracks on the Infrasound Collective' compilation album Owasso Night Atlas, released in 2000. Rea contributed guitar work to the song "In the Middle of the Night" on Hector Zazou's 2003 album Strong Currents.[25]

During this period Rea also formed a short lived band called Jetlegrs with bassist Ryan Berg, drummer Olli Klomp, and violinist Karl Scheer.[65] Berg and Rea had played together in various progressive rock bands in Taiwan in the early 1990s.[66] Klomp was also a member of Eric Apoe and They.[62] In 2005 Rea organized a tour of Taiwan for the band together with Chekov, a Munich, Germany-based electronic jazz group put together by former Identity Crisis bassist Atze Ton. During the tour Rea played guitar with both groups.[42][67]

2006 - 2012: Moraine, Iron Kim Style, second solo album, other recent works

In 2005 bassist Kevin Millard introduced Rea to cellist Ruth Davidson and the two began playing shows together. By 2006 they had formed the group Moraine[68][69] with violinist Alicia Allen (now Alicia DeJoie), bassist Mike Davidson and drummer Jay Jaskot.[2] Rea had previously worked with Allen in the group Eric Apoe and They[61][62][69] and with Mike Davidson in with The Vagaries.[2]

Moraine's sound was described "as electric avant-garde jazz-rock with world music influences at times" by Alex Henderson, writing for the Allmusic website.[70] Brad Walseth called it "jazz chamber rock fusion" on the JazzChicago.net website. [71] A 2007 Earshot Jazz magazine profile describes Rea's compositions for Moraine, in part: "He has arranged for it a small number of choice Chinese tunes, old and recent, traditional and not, which become gorgeous jazz- and rock-inflected pieces in his and his colleagues’ hands. But the group covers a lot of terrain, drawing on 'fractured bebop,' as Rea puts it, as well as math-rock – cranked up, rhythmically complex rock..."[2]

By 2008 Millard had replaced Davidson on bass[68]. From August 10-12, 2008 the group went into the studio to record their first album, Manifest Density.[72] Moraine was signed by Moonjune Records[68][73] who released the album on September 22, 2009.[74]

Both Jaskot and Ruth Davidson left shortly after Manifest Density was recorded. Rather than finding another cellist the group decided to invite another former Eric Apoe and They member, saxophonist James DeJoie, to join. Stephen Cavit, who is also an Emmy Award winning film composer, took over on drums.[68][69] Moraine was invited to play an NEARFest 2010[5][68][75], which became part of the band's first east coast tour. The NearFEST performance was recorded and released as Moraine's second album Metamorphic Rock[75][76][69] on October 18, 2011.[77]

The band played four additional east coast dates in April and May, 2011 and continues to perform regularly in the Pacific Northwest.[78][69] A third album, also to be released on MoonJune Records, is expected in fall, 2012. Tours of Brazil and Asia for 2012 are currently being planned.[69]

Rea also went into the studio in 2006 to begin recording his second solo album, Views From Chicheng Precipice.[79] In January, 2008 Rea was awarded a residency at Jack Straw Productions which allowed him to complete the recordings.[80] The album includes four pieces of adapted traditional Chinese music and one of Rea's own compositions, "Three Views From Chicheng Precipice," [79] inspired by the works of Tang Dynasty Chinese poet Bai Juyi. The piece is dedicated to the victims of the May, 2008 earthquake in Sichuan provence where Rea lived in 1989-90.[36] In a September, 2011 interview with Michel Delville, Rea refers to the album as "the natural outcome of the four-plus years I spent living, traveling, and playing music in China and Taiwan."[28]

All of the members of Moraine made guest appearances on the album. Additional guest musicians include Stuart Dempster (trombone), Caterina De Re (vocals), Greg Campbell (percussion), Elizabeth Falconer (koto), John Falconer (shakahuchi), and Paul Kikuchi (percussion).[79][81][82] The CD was released by Moonjune Records on July 20, 2010.[81]

Rea is also a member of Iron Kim Style, which he describes as an "explosive improvisational jazz-rock quintet."[83] Earshot Jazz described the music as "inspired by Olivier Messiaen, electric-period Miles Davis, and North Korean martial music,"[2] while Nikola Savić, writing for the Prog Sphere website described it as "a mixture of contemporary jazz, fusion and ambient music."[84]

Iron Kim Style was founded in the early 2000s by bassist Ryan Berg.[85] In his blog trumpeter Bill Jones wrote that Iron Kim Style started out as an informal group of Seattle musicians who simply thought it "the idea of getting together would be a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon." In time the group began to meet regularly, play local shows, and gave a performance on KEXP radio. In 2007 Iron Kim Style went into the studio to begin work on their self-titled debut album[86] which was released by MoonJune Records in January, 2010.[85]

In March 2007 Rea and Olli Klomp traveled to Munich, meeting Atze Ton and another early 1990s Identity Crisis member, keyboardist Volker Wiedersheim. They formed a new band, Ting Bu Dong.[87][42][88] (Chinese for "I hear, but I don't understand.")[80] The quartet went into the studio to record material for their 2008 eponymous debut album. In addition Rea sat in on Chekov recording sessions, contributing guitar work to their piece "For Absent Friends", which appeared on their 2008 debut release Born To Be Quiet.[25] The two bands also played live at the Monofaktur club in Munich.[42][80]

Rea also organized a 10 date tour of Taiwan which took place in April 2008 for both Ting Bu Dong and Chekov.[41][87] In addition, on April 12 and 13, 2008, Rea, Ton, and Wiedersheim reunited with keyboardist Bryce Whitwam, and drummer Tom Vest, two of the original core members of Identity Crisis, for three reunion concerts in Tainan, the first performance by the band since 1992.[41][80][42] In October, 2009 Ting Bu Dong, minus Wiedersham and plus James DeJoie and German guitarist Phil Rosplesch played live and recorded in the studios of KEXP, Seattle.[87]

Rea's most unusual project is Tempered Steel, a trio with experimental musician Ffej and instrument builder Frank Junk playing amplified and processed thumb pianos, also known as kalimbas. Ffej bought one of Junk's thumb pianos in 1995. Since 2004 the group has given concerts in the Seattle area.[89] The Stranger describes their music: "Tempered Steel dubs out, distorts, and layers gentle tones into blipping polyrhythmic soundscapes."[90] A sample of the music can be found on Ffej's MySpace page. Tempered Steel has completed recording their debut album[28] which has not yet been released.

Discography

Bibliography

  • 2006 : Live at the Forbidden City

Notes

  1. ^ a b c "Dennis Rea". All About Jazz. 2009-07-23. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Monaghan, Peter (06). "On Guitar, Dennis Rea" (PDF). Earshot Jazz. pp. 9–10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help) Cite error: The named reference "Earshot" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c Rea, Dennis. "Detailed Bio". Dennis Rea (website). Retrieved 2011-04-04.
  4. ^ a b "Composer Spotlight". Washington Composers Forum. 2009. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
  5. ^ a b Berry, Rafaella (2010-06-24). "NEARFest 2010 – An Eyewitness Account". Progressor (Uzbekistan Progressive Rock Pages). Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  6. ^ Apoe, Eric. "Eric Apoe & They". bio, Dennis Rea. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
  7. ^ a b "Past Performers". Seattle Improvised Music Festival. 2006. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 17–19. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  9. ^ a b c "PROG/JAZZNET artikler: Dennis Rea". PROG/JAZZNET. 2010-09. Retrieved 2011-04-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Rea, Dennis (2001-12). "Exposé Magazine interview". Exposé Magazine. Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Cite error: The named reference "Expose" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b c d e f Fuglesteg, Torodd (2010-11-26). "Dennis Rea". Prog Archive: Progressive Rock Music Forum. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  12. ^ "Earthstar - Salterbarty Tales". Discogs. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  13. ^ "SKY". Thunder Collectors pages. 2006-02-20. Retrieved 2007-10-29.
  14. ^ "Sky Records". Discogs. Retrieved 2007-10-29.
  15. ^ "Earth Star* - Atomkraft? Nein Danke!". Discogs. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  16. ^ Martin, Caitlyn (2009-12-25). "Earthstar - Humans Only". Discogs. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  17. ^ "K. Leimer". Discogs. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  18. ^ "Savant (2)". Discogs. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  19. ^ Bergstein, Darren. "Crown jewels from Palace of Lights". e/i Magazine. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  20. ^ Bergstein, Darren. "Crown jewels from Palace of Lights". e/i Magazine. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  21. ^ Rea, Dennis. "Dennis Rea: About". Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  22. ^ a b c Rea, Dennis. "Biography". Dennis Rea. Archived from the original on 2007-07-23. Retrieved 2007-10-29.
  23. ^ a b Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 20–21. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  24. ^ Haire, Doug. "Doug Haire - Releases". Archived from the original on 2007-07-07. Retrieved 2007-10-30.
  25. ^ a b c d e f Rea, Dennis. "Dennis Rea: Discography". Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  26. ^ "Various - Secretions". Discogs. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  27. ^ "Dennis Rea". IMDB. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  28. ^ a b c d e f Delville, Michel (2011-09-27). "Interview: Dennis Rea". MoonJune Records. Retrieved 2012-01-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. p. 3. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  30. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 23–26. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  31. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 30–34. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  32. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 47–48. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  33. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 73–74. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  34. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 79–82. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  35. ^ "Dennis Rea - Shadow In Dreams". Discogs. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  36. ^ a b Jerman, Jeph (2011-12-06). "Dennis Rea - Views From Chicheng Precipice". The Squid's Ear. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
  37. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 87–88. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  38. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 98–106. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  39. ^ Godfrey, Mark (2007-02). "Rock Chic In Chengdu". China Today. Retrieved 2011-04-05. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ a b Rea, Dennis. "Identity Crisis". Dennis Rea (website). Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  41. ^ a b c "Ting Bu Dong / Identity Crisis Taiwan concert tour April '08". Forumosa (web site). 2008-03-28. Retrieved 2011-04-01.
  42. ^ a b c d e f Ton, Atze. "vita". Atze Ton. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  43. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 111–113. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  44. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 111–126. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  45. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 135–138. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  46. ^ Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. New York: iUniverse. pp. 160–177. ISBN ISBN 0-595-39048-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  47. ^ a b "LAND". LAND. Extreme. Retrieved 2007-11-15. Cite error: The named reference "Extreme" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  48. ^ a b Greinke, Jeff (1998-08-19). "Jeff Greinke, Places of Motility Interview". AmbiEntrance. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
  49. ^ a b c Rea, Dennis (2006). Live at the Forbidden City. iUniverse. pp. 179–191. ISBN 0-595-39048-X.
  50. ^ "Big Weather". The Edge. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
  51. ^ a b c "Archipelago". The Edge. Cite error: The named reference "Edge-Archipelago" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  52. ^ a b Rea, Dennis. "LAND". Retrieved 2007-10-24.
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  54. ^ Müller-Gödecke, Cornelie (1996-11-10). "Beijing Jazz Festival 1996". Retrieved 2007-10-24.
  55. ^ "Free Touching: Live In Beijing". Verge Music Distribution. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  56. ^ "Noise Asia Records". Noise Asia Records. 2004. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  57. ^ "Archipelago". The Edge. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
  58. ^ Bartlett, Andrew (1999-02-24). "Tones United". Seattle Weekly. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
  59. ^ "Road Movies". The Edge.
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  61. ^ a b c Apoe, Eric. "Eric Apoe and They: bio". Retrieved 2011-04-07.
  62. ^ a b c "Eric Apoe And THEY". Discogs. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
  63. ^ Apoe, Eric. "Eric Apoe and They: music". Retrieved 2011-04-07.
  64. ^ a b Rea, Dennis. "Stackpole". Retrieved 2007-11-15.
  65. ^ Rea, Dennis. "Dennis Rea - Jetlegrs". Archived from the original on 2007-08-13. Retrieved accessdate = 2007-12-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Missing pipe in: |accessdate= (help)
  66. ^ Berg, Ryan. "Iron Kim Style". Facebook. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
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  79. ^ a b c "Dennis Rea - Views From Chicheng Precipice". Discogs. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
  80. ^ a b c d Rea, Dennis (2008-01-29). "News". Archived from the original on 2008-06-07. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  81. ^ a b Connolly, Dave (2010). "Dennis Rea: Views From Chicheng Precipice". Connolly & Company. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
  82. ^ Astarita, Glenn (2010-10-15). "Dennis Rea: Views from Chicheng Precipice". All About Jazz. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
  83. ^ Rea, Dennis. "Dennis Rea - Iron Kim Style". Dennis Rea. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
  84. ^ Savić, Nikola (2010-09-24). "Iron Kim Style - Selftitled : Prog Sphere". Prog Sphere Promotions. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
  85. ^ a b "Iron Kim Style Discography at Discogs". Discogs. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
  86. ^ Rea, Dennis (2008-01-29). "Dennis Rea MySpace Blog". Retrieved 2008-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  87. ^ a b c Rea, Dennis. "Ting Bu Dong". Retrieved 2012-01-15.
  88. ^ Ton, Atze. "Ting Bu Dong". Retrieved 2012-01-15.
  89. ^ "June, 2004 Calendar". The Tentacle. 2004-06. Retrieved 2008-02-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  90. ^ DeLaurenti, Christopher (2008-02-06). "The Score". The Stranger. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  • First World Music home page. Retrieved October 18, 2007.

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