Makhachkala
Makhachkala
Махачкала | |
|---|---|
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Avar | МахIачхъала |
| • Kumyk | Магьачкъала |
| File:Makhachkala Dagestan.png | |
.png) Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Makhachkala  | |
  Makhachkala Location of Makhachkala  Makhachkala Makhachkala (Republic of Dagestan) | |
| Coordinates: 42°58′57″N 47°30′18″E / 42.98250°N 47.50500°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Dagestan |
| Founded | 15th century |
| Government | |
| • Body | Assembly of Deputies |
| • City Head | Said Amirov |
| Area | |
| • Total | 466.3 km2 (180.0 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 577,990 |
| • Estimate (2018)[2] | 596,356 (+3.2%) |
| • Rank | 26th in 2010 |
| • Density | 1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi) |
| • Subordinated to | City of Makhachkala[3] |
| • Capital of | Republic of Dagestan |
| • Capital of | City of Makhachkala[3] |
| • Urban okrug | Makhachkala Urban Okrug[4] |
| • Capital of | Makhachkala Urban Okrug[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 367000–367999 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8722 |
| OKTMO ID | 82701000001 |
| Website | www |
Makhachkala (Template:Lang-ru; Avar: МахIачхъала; Lezgian: Магьачкъала; Kumyk: Магьачкъала, Mağaçqala) is the capital city of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea and is home to the Makhachkala Grand Mosque, one of Russia's largest. According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 577,990.[1]
History
Makhachkala's historic predecessor was the town of Tarki, now a near suburb, whose history goes back to the 15th century and possibly much earlier. The modern city of Makhachkala was founded in 1844 as a fortress; town status was granted in 1857. The original Russian name of the city was Petrovskoye (Петро́вское)—after the Russian tsar Peter the Great who visited the region in 1722. However, among the locals it was known as Anzhi-Qala (A Fortress of Soil, Qala or Kala قلعه means Fortress in Arabic and Turkic). The city was renamed Petrovsk-Port (Петро́вск-Порт) in 1857, sometimes simply Petrovsk, and then Makhachkala in 1921. The city incurred major damage during the earthquake of May 14, 1970. It was briefly renamed as Shamilkala in 1920s.
In January 1919, during the Russian Civil War, the British based No. 221 Squadron Royal Air Force at Petrovsk. In March they were joined by No. 266 Squadron and both squadrons were involved in bombing operations against Bolshevik forces in Astrakhan and elsewhere. In August 1919 both squadrons were withdrawn from Petrovsk.[8]
Administrative and municipal status
Administratively, along with six rural localities, it is incorporated as the City of Makhachkala—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[3] Municipally, the City of Makhachkala is incorporated as Makhachkala Urban Okrug.[4]
City divisions
Administratively, the city is divided into three city districts: Kirovsky, Leninsky, and Sovetsky.
Unrest
Makhachkala is close to areas of fighting and therefore it and the surrounding region has a heavy security service presence. On 25 November 2011, a protest took place in Makhachkala attended by up to 3,000 people demanding an end to illegal activities perpetrated by the security services.[9]
On December 15, 2011, Gadzhimurat Kamalov, a Russian investigative journalist and founder of the independent Chernovik newspaper was shot dead in an apparent assassination.[10]
Demographics
The population of Makhachkala included: [1]
- Avars (21%)
- Russians (18%)
- Kumyks (15%)
- Dargins (12.4%)
- Laks (12%)
- Lezgins (9.5%)
- Chechens (4.3%)
- Azeri (1.6%)
Transportation
The city is served by Uytash Airport, Russian Railways and Caspian Sea International Port.
Sports
The city's football team, FC Anzhi Makhachkala, plays in the Russian Premier League. However, because of recent unrest, the players currently live and train in Moscow [11].
Climate
Climate of Makhachkala has elements of (warm) subtropical and (chill) continental climate, with influence of semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk) - which occurs in most of the basin of the Caspian Sea.
| Climate data for Makhachkala | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.1 (97.0) |
38.7 (101.7) |
38.7 (101.7) |
35.0 (95.0) |
28.9 (84.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
38.7 (101.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
4.2 (39.6) |
7.8 (46.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
25.9 (78.6) |
28.9 (84.0) |
28.7 (83.7) |
23.8 (74.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.4 (50.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
2.7 (36.9) |
12.4 (54.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
1.9 (35.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.1 (−13.2) |
−26.9 (−16.4) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
−26.9 (−16.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 32 (1.3) |
27 (1.1) |
22 (0.9) |
17 (0.7) |
32 (1.3) |
22 (0.9) |
21 (0.8) |
28 (1.1) |
46 (1.8) |
45 (1.8) |
41 (1.6) |
32 (1.3) |
365 (14.4) |
| Average precipitation days | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 59 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 74.4 | 72.5 | 105.4 | 171.0 | 244.9 | 279.0 | 282.1 | 269.7 | 195.0 | 151.9 | 81.0 | 68.2 | 1,995.1 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[12] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (UN),[13] Hong Kong Observatory[14] for data of sunshine hours | |||||||||||||
Notable residents
- Malik Akhmedilov, assassinated editor
- Abdulla Alishayev, assassinated TV host
- Gadzhimurat Kamalov, assassinated editor
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Makhachkala is twinned with:
Sfax, Tunisia
Siping, China
Spokane, United States
Vladikavkaz, Russia
Yalova, Turkey
Ndola, Zambia
Oldenburg, Germany
References
Notes
- ^ a b Invalid reference parameter
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ a b c Law #16
- ^ a b c Law #6
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Bowyer, Chaz (1988). RAF Operations 1918-1938. London: William Kimber. pp. 40, 41. ISBN 0718306716.
- ^ Russian journalist gunned down in violent republic of Dagestan, Guardian, retrieved 16/12/2011
- ^ Newspaper chief's murder in Dagestan adds to toll of Russian journalists, Guardian, retrieved 16/12/2011
- ^ "Blackburn Rovers defender Chris Samba joins Anzhi Makhachkala". Manchester: BBC. 24 February 2012.
- ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved September 8, 2007.
- ^ "Weather Information for Mahackala".
- ^ "Climatological Information for Mahackala, Russia".
Sources
- Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №16 от 10 апреля 2002 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №106 от 30 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №81, 12 апреля 2002 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #16 of April 10, 2002 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #106 of December 30, 2013 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №6 от 13 января 2005 г. «О статусе и границах муниципальных образований Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №43 от 30 апреля 2015 г. «О статусе городского округа с внутригородским делением "Город Махачкала", статусе и границах внутригородских районов в составе городского округа с внутригородским делением "Город Махачкала" и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №8, 15 февраля 2005 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #6 of January 13, 2005 On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #43 of April 30, 2015 On the Status of the "City of Makhachkala" Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, the Status and the Borders of the Intra-City Districts Comprising the "City of Makhachkala" Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
