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List of political self-immolations

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This is a list of notable self-immolations done for political reasons. Non-political self-immolations are not included in the list. Self-immolation has become an increasingly used protest tactic among Tibetans protesting rule of Tibet by China[1] and Arabs against various Arab governments.[2]

List

1960s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
June 11, 1963 Thich Quang Duc 66 South Vietnam Persecution of Buddhists by Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam Led to several other monks and nuns committing the same act before Diem was toppled
January 25, 1964 Chinnasami India For preservation of the Tamil language Inspired 5 other self-immolations.[3]
March 16, 1965 Alice Herz 82 USA Vietnam War
November 2, 1965 Norman Morrison 31 USA Vietnam War [4]
November 9, 1965 Roger Allen LaPorte 22 USA Vietnam War [5]
May 16, 1967 Nhất Chi Mai 34 South Vietnam Vietnam War [6]
October 15, 1967 Florence Beaumont 55 USA Vietnam War [7]
September 8, 1968 Ryszard Siwiec 59 Poland Poland's participation in Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968) Died in hospital four days later.
January 16, 1969 Jan Palach 20 Czechoslovakia Communist rule in Czechoslovakia Student. Inspired a number of self-immolations in protest of Soviet satellite states.
January 20, 1969 Sándor Bauer 17 Hungary Communist rule in Hungary [8]
February 25, 1969 Jan Zajíc 19 Czechoslovakia Communist rule in Czechoslovakia Student.
April 2, 1969 Evžen Plocek 39 Czechoslovakia Communist rule in Czechoslovakia Businessman.
April 9, 1969 Eliyahu Rips 20 Latvia Communist rule in Czechoslovakia Survived, became renowned mathematician.

1970s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
February 13, 1970 Marton Moyses 28 Romania Communist rule in Romania
May 10, 1970 George Winne, Jr. 23 USA Vietnam War Student at the University of California, San Diego. Died the next day.[9]
September 19, 1970 Kostas Georgakis 22 Greece Greek military junta of 1967–1974 Student at the University of Genoa
September 19, 1970 Joseba Elosegi 54 Spain Bombing of Guernica in 1937 Survived
November 21, 1970 Jeon Tae-il 22 South Korea For more robust labour laws and the government's opposition to reform
May 14, 1972 Romas Kalanta 19 USSR Communist rule in Lithuania Inspired largest post-war riots in occupied Lithuania and USSR, and 13 other self-immolations
June 6, 1972 Huguette Gaulin 28 Canada [10]
August 10, 1976 Antanas Kalinauskas 19 USSR Communist rule in Lithuania In Soviet Army barracks in Gulbene, Latvia. Died next day.
August 22, 1976 Oskar Brüsewitz 46 East Germany Communist rule in East Germany Lutheran pastor
February 10, 1977 Alain Escoffier 27 France Communism
November 16, 1977 Hartmut Gründler 37 West Germany Atomic policy
January 21, 1978 Oleksa Hirnyk 65 USSR Communist rule in Ukraine
June 23, 1978 Musa Mamut 46 USSR Persecution of Crimean Tatars Died after five days[11]

1980s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
March 21, 1981 Per-Axel Arosenius 60 Sweden Taxes
August 10, 1982 Artin Penik 61 Turkey ASALA attack at Esenboğa International Airport
November 2, 1983 Sebastián Acevedo Chile Kidnapping of his children by the Chilean police during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet [12]
April 7, 1989 Cheng Nan-jung 41 Taiwan For Taiwan independence [13]
May 19, 1989 Chan I-hua Taiwan Blocking of funeral procession of Cheng Nan-jung [14]
March 2, 1989 Liviu Cornel Babeş 47 Romania Communist rule in Romania [15] Set himself on fire on ski slope, died at hospital after 2 hours
March 2, 1989 Vytautas Vičiulis 37 USSR Communist rule in Lithuania
March 24, 1989 Kailash Pawar India To draw attention to plight of Bhopal gas victims and protest public indifference [16] Original story published in the Hindu, March 26, 1990

1990s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
April 26, 1990 Stanislovas Žemaitis 52 USSR Communist rule in Lithuania Protesting the Soviet Union economic blockade of Lithuania, on Sverdlov Square, in front of Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow. Died next day in Moscow hospital
May 9, 1990 Rimantas Daugintis 55 USSR Communist rule in Lithuania Lithuanian sculptor self immolated on Hungarian-Soviet border. Died after a few days.
September 19, 1990 Rajiv Goswami 19 India Reservation in India Survived, but inspired some 150 other self-immolations[17]
February 18, 1991 Gregory Levey 30 USA First Gulf War Amherst Common, MA. Particularly unremarked upon in press, as with other Gulf War protest self-immolations in US, even though Levey's father was married to nationally syndicated columnist Ellen Goodman[18][19]
September 21, 1991 Giorgi Abesadze 35 Republic of Georgia Looming civil war in Georgia Physician[20]
February 21, 1994 Homa Darabi 54 Iran Women's rights after the Iranian Revolution Biography Rage Against the Veil written by sister Parvin Darabi
April 25, 1995 Reinhold Elstner 75 Germany Demonization of the German soldiers after World War II
September 3, 1995 Sabine Kratze 25 Vietnam Trial of six Buddhist monks
October 22, 1996 Kathy Change 46 USA For directly democratic community-based self-government
January 13, 1998 Alfredo Ormando 29 Italy Roman Catholic Church's condemnation of homosexuality
April 27, 1998 Thupten Ngodup 60 India Political situation in Tibet Ex-monk of Tashi Lhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, Tibet. Set fire to himself after police interfered in an unto-death hunger-strike in Delhi organized by the Tibetan Youth Congress, and died two days later in hospital after being visited by the Dalai Lama.[21][22][23]
February 16, 1999 Necla Coşkun 14 UK Arrest of Abdullah Öcalan Survived.[24]

2000s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
January 21, 2001 various – China See Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident [25]
April 2, 2001 Shahraz Kayani 48 Australia Refusal of the government to grant the entry of his wife and daughters Pakistani refugee[26]
August 27, 2003 Israfil Shiri 30 UK Rejection of his asylum claim Gay Iranian refugee[27][28]
August 17, 2005 Yelena Businov 54 Israel Protest against Israel's unilateral disengagement plan [29]
March 28, 2006 Eleftheriya Fortulaki Greece Treatment of the Kurds in Turkey [30]
November 3, 2006 Malachi Ritscher 52 USA War in Iraq Died at the spot.[31]
June 11, 2006 Pravin Joshi 30 India Screening of Fanaa Died 9 days later.[32]
March 7, 2007 Uddhav Bhandari 40 UK Asylum policy Nepali asylum seeker[33]
April 1, 2007 Heo Se-uk 54 South Korea South Korea – United States Free Trade Agreement [34]
October 1, 2008 Ramiro Guillén Tapia 65 Mexico Local government in the city of Xalapa [35]
November 10, 2008 Rosen Markov - Bulgaria Broadcasting of Turkish news on Bulgarian National Television [36]
January 29, 2009 Kumar Muthukumar 26 India Killing of the Sri Lankan Tamils Inspired several other self-immolations[37]
February 12, 2009 Murugathasan Varnakulasingham 26 Switzerland Sri Lankan Govement Killing of the Sri Lankan Tamils Inspired several other self-immolations[38]
February 21, 2010 Subram Yadaiah 19 India For re-creating the state of Telengana in present-day Andhra Pradesh Died in hospital.[39]
February 27, 2009 Tapey mid-20s Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba. Shot[40] by Chinese police while on fire, and then taken away by them. Status unknown.[40]

2010s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
February 20, 2010 Siripur Yadaiah 19 India Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana student sets himself alight,sustained 80 percent burns and later died in hospital. [41]
July 31, 2010 Eshan Reddy 20's India Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana student sets himself alight as an offering for a deity pleading Statehood. [42]
December 17, 2010 Mohamed Bouazizi 26 Tunisia Corruption by dictatorship government Inspired the 2010–2011 Tunisian protests leading to both the ousting of President Ben Ali and numerous other "copycat" incidents in the wider Arab world.[43]
January 16, 2011 Venugopala Reddy 20's India Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana A MCA student immolated himself near his university auditorium,died on the spot. [44]
January 16, 2011 Mohsen Bouterfif – Algeria Unemployment and housing Inspired by Bouazizi's self-immolation that ousted Tunisia's president.[45]
January 17, 2011 Yacoub Ould Dahoud 43 Mauritania Political situation in Mauritania Same as above[46]
January 26, 2011 Jeff Knaebel 72 India American military aggression A U.S. Vietnam War veteran and Gandhian protestor sought, in death, to avoid allegiance to any state, so as to withdraw his personal contribution to aggressive war.[47]
March 16, 2011 Rigzin Phuntsog 21 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Beaten by police before they extinguished the flames. Died in hospital.[48] [49] [50] [51]
August 15, 2011 Tsewang Norbu 29 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Nyitso monastery in Kham Tawu. In Tawu. Died soon afterwards.[48] [51] [52] [53]
September 26, 2011 Lobsang Kunchok 18 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Set fire to self together with Lobsang Kelsang. Currently in hospital.[51] [54] [55]
September 26, 2011 Lobsang Kelsang 18 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Set fire to self together with Lobsang Kunchok. Currently in hospital.[51] [56]
January 16, 2011 Bhavani 18 India Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana Set herself alight upset over the delay in declaration of the proposed statehood for the telangana region died on the spot. [57]
February 21, 2011 Mohd Mustafa 40 India Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana A private photographer doused himself in kerosene and set himself ablaze suffering 90% burns. [58]


October 3, 2011 Kelsang Wangchuk 17 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Beaten and taken away by security personnel. In country hospital under strict surveillance.[59]
October 7, 2011 Kayang 17 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Former monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Clasped hands with Choepel; died.[51] [60]
October 7, 2011 Choepel 19 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Former monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Clasped hands with Kayang; died.[51] [61] China Daily reported they were "slightly injured".[62]
October 15, 2011 Norbu Damdrul 19 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Former monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Kicked and removed from scene by Chinese authorities. Current status unknown.[51] [63]
October 17, 2011 Tenzin Wangmo 20 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Nun of Mame Dechen Chokorling. In Ngaba, Amdo. Died.[51] [64]
October 21, 2011 Wang 42 China Legal inequalities in China At Tiananmen Square, Beijing. Taken to hospital by police; evidence at scene erased immediately.[51] [65]
October 25, 2011 Dawa Tsering 38 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Kardze Monastery. In Kardze, Amdo. Current condition and whereabouts unknown.[51] [66]
November 3, 2011 Palden Choetso 35 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Nun, Ganden Jangchup Choeling, Tawu, Kardze. Reported died by Xinhua.[51] [67] [68]
November 4, 2011 Sherab Tsedor 25 India Political situation in Tibet Layperson. Outside the Chinese embassy in New Delhi. Overpowered by police and hospitalized with minor burns.[69] [70] [71]
November 11, 2011 Yenesew Gebre 29 Ethiopia Corruption by dictatorship government Inspired by Bouazizi's self-immolation that ousted Tunisia's president.[72]
December 1, 2011 Tenzin Phuntsok 46[73] Tibet Political situation in Tibet Ex-monk, Karma Monastery, Chamdo.[74] [75] Died on December 6 in Chamdo Hospital in Tibet[73] Reported in China Daily, as a "farmer" who "is considered eccentric".[76]
December 7, 2011 Sondang Hutagalung 22 Indonesia Disputed [77]
January 6, 2012 Tennyi Around 20 Tibet Political situation in Tibet [78]
January 6, 2012 Tsultrim Around 20 Tibet Political situation in Tibet [79]
January 8, 2012 Sopa Tulku / Sonam Wangyal 42 Tibet Political situation in Tibet [80] [81]
January 14, 2012 Jamyang Losang 20s Tibet Political situation in Tibet Former monk of Andu monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Deceased.[82]
February 3, 2012 Tsaptai Tsering, Kyarel, and unknown name 60, 30, unknown Tibet Political situation in Tibet Three laypersons. In Serthar. Incident published in several places, but unconfirmed.[83] [84]
February 8, 2012 Rigzin Dorje (Rinzin) Around 18 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Former monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Died Feb 21 in hospital.[85]
February 9, 2012 Sonam Rabyang 30s Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Lab Monastery. In Tridu town, Yushu County, Kham. Taken to hospital; condition unclear.[86]
February 11, 2012 Tenzin Choedron 18 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Nun of Mame Dechen Chokorling. In Ngaba, Amdo. Taken away by soldiers and police, and died soon afterwards.[87] [88]
February 13, 2012 Lobsang Gyatso 19 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Current status and whereabouts unknown.[89] [90]
February 17, 2012 Damchoe Sangpo 40 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monastic official of Bongthak monastery. In Themchen, Tsonub, Amdo. Died on the spot.[91]
February 19, 2012 Nangdrol 18 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Layperson. In Dzamthang, Amdo. Died on the spot.[92]
March 3, 2012 Tsering Kyi 19 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Girl from Tibetan middle school. In the vegetable market at Maqu County, Kanlho, Gansu. Died on the spot.[93] [94]
March 4, 2012 Rinchen 32 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Occupation unknown. In Ngaba, Amdo. Died on the spot.[93]
March 5, 2012 Dorje (Dorjee) 18 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Occupation unknown. In Ngaba, Amdo. Deceased.[95]
March 10, 2012 Gapey (Gepey) 18 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Died on the spot.[96]
March 13, 2012 Jamyang Palden 30s Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Rongpo monastery. In Rebkong, Amdo. Current status unknown.[97]
March 16, 2012 Lobsang Tsultrim 20 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Died in custody.[98]
March 17, 2012 Sonam Thargyal (Dargye, Dhargay) 44 Tibet Political situation in Tibet A farmer. In Rebkong, Amdo. Died on the spot.[99] [100]
March 24, 2012 L Bhoja Naik 21 India For the creation of the state of Telangana A MBA student set himself on fire in front of his college demanding Statehood for the Telangana region,he died on the spot.[101]
March 26, 2012 Jamphel Yeshi 20 India Political situation in Tibet Layperson. In Delhi. Died 2 days later in hospital.[102] [103]
March 26, 2012 Rajmouli 40 India Telangana for separate statehood to Telangana [104][105]
March 26, 2012 BR Goud n/a India Telangana for separate statehood to Telangana [106]
March 27, 2012 Pallavi 17 India For the creation of the state of Telangana sustained over 70 per cent burns,she later died in hospital.

[107]

March 28, 2012 K Uppalaiah 30 India For the creation of the state of Telangana sustained over 50 percent burns .

[108]

March 28, 2012 Lobsang Sherab 20 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Kirti Monastery.[109] In Ngaba, Amdo. Died on the spot.[110] [111]
March 24, 2012 S Srikanth 23 India For the creation of the state of Telangana Died in the hospital.[112]
March 27, 2012 Kalakanchi Ilaiah 30 India Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana A scrap dealer set himself on fire for telangana,suffered 80% burns. [113]
March 30, 2012 Tenpa Dhargyal (Darjey) 22 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Tsodun monastery. In Barkham, Amdo. Forcibly removed to hospital by Chinese security forces. Current status unknown.[114] [115]
March 30, 2012 Chimey Palden (Chime) 21 Tibet Political situation in Tibet Monk of Tsodun monastery. In Barkham, Amdo. Forcibly removed to hospital by Chinese security forces. [115] [116] Died later that day around midnight.[117]
March 30, 2012 Shyamapuri Shankar 24 India Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana suffered 75% burns. [118]
March 30, 2012 Bandavath Suresh 25 India Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana suffered 50% burns. [119]
July 14, 2012 Moshe Silman 57 Israel Social justice march A social justice activist set himself on fire, suffering 90% burns. [120]

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  97. ^ "Tibetan Monk Self-Immolates in Western China". Associated Press / ABC News.
  98. ^ Phayul.com (March 16, 2012). "Yet Another Self-Immolation Marks a year of Fiery Protests"
  99. ^ "Tibet Immolation Factsheet - Sonam Thargyal". International Campaign for Tibet. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  100. ^ "Farmer Dies in New Burning Protest". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  101. ^ http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/telangana-erupts-as-activists-take-their-own-lives/1/182956.html
  102. ^ "Tibetan dies from self-immolation in India before Hu visit". Reuters. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  103. ^ "Tibetan lights self on fire at anti-China protest". Associated Press. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  104. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Hyderabad/Another-man-dies-for-Telangana-TRS-calls-for-shutdown/Article1-831038.aspx
  105. ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ap-suicide-politics-back-on-the-boil/243065-60-114.html
  106. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Hyderabad/Another-man-dies-for-Telangana-TRS-calls-for-shutdown/Article1-831038.aspx
  107. ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/one-more-suicide-attempt-for-telangana/243419-60-114.html
  108. ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/another-suicide-for-telangana/243731-60-114.html
  109. ^ "Fire rages on: Tibetan monk dies in fiery protest". Phayul.com. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
  110. ^ "Tibet Immolation Factsheet - Lobsang Sherab". International Campaign for Tibet. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  111. ^ "Kirti Monk Self-Immolates, Dies". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  112. ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/youth-succumbs-to-burns/244385-60-121.html
  113. ^ "Two attempt suicide for Telangana". The Times Of India. March 28, 2012.
  114. ^ "Tibet Immolation Factsheet - Tenpa Darjey". International Campaign for Tibet. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  115. ^ a b "Two More Monks Burn Themselves". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  116. ^ "Tibet Immolation Factsheet - Chimey Palden". International Campaign for Tibet. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  117. ^ "Self-immolation death toll rises to 24 in Tibet, Chimey Palden declared dead". Phayul.com. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
  118. ^ "Another youth attempts suicide for Telangana". The Times Of India. April 1, 2012.
  119. ^ "Another suicide attempt by Telangana supporter". The Times Of India. March 31, 2012.
  120. ^ "Social justice activist sets himself on fire in Tel Aviv". Jerusalem Post. July 31, 2012.
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