Bromsgrove
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Bromsgrove | |
---|---|
![]() High Street, Bromsgrove | |
Population | 29,237 [1] |
OS grid reference | SO960708 |
• London | 119 miles (192 km) |
District | |
Shire county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | BROMSGROVE |
Postcode district | B61, B60 |
Dialling code | 01527 |
Police | West Mercia |
Fire | Hereford and Worcester |
Ambulance | West Midlands |
UK Parliament | |
Bromsgrove is a town in Worcestershire, England. The town is about 16 miles (26 km) north east of Worcester and 13 miles (21 km) south west of Birmingham city centre. It had a population of 29,237 in 2001 (39,644 in the wider Bromsgrove/Catshill urban area)[1] with a small ethnic minority and is in Bromsgrove District.
History
Bromsgrove is first documented in the early 9th century as Bremesgraf.[2] Later in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of 909 A.D. Bromsgrove is mentioned as Bremesburh. Then in the Domesday Book Bromsgrove is referenced as Bremesgrave.[3] The Breme part of the place name is almost certainly[citation needed] an Anglo-Saxon personal name.
In the Anglo-Saxon times, Bromsgrove had a woodland economy[citation needed] consisting of hunting, maintenance of haies and pig farming.[4] At the time of Edward the Confessor, the manor of Bromsgrove is known to have been held by Earl Edwin.[5] After the conquest, Bromsgrove was held by the King. Among the manor’s possessions were 13 salt pans at Droitwich, with three workers, producing 300 mits. The King had the right to sell the salt from his pans before any other salt in the town.[6]
It was at the centre of a very large parish and its church was certainly of minster status. Bromsgrove, along with all the towns in north Worcestershire, was committed to defending the city of Worcester and is recorded to have contributed burgesses to Droitwich in 1086. There may also have been Anglo-Saxon or Norman fortifications in Bromsgrove, but other than in literature no physical archaeological evidence remains.
Bromsgrove was first granted the right to a market day in 1200, and in 1317 was given the right hold a Tuesday market and three day fair every 29 August at the Decollation of St John the Baptist. Market day changed several times over the period, settling on Tuesday from 1792 onwards.[5] Fairs were held twice yearly, in June and October by the eighteenth century, with the modern pleasure fairs originating from the June horse and pleasure fair.
Bromsgrove and the area surrounding it was put under forest law when the boundaries of Feckenham Forest were extended hugely by Henry II. Forest law was removed from the Bromsgrove area in 1301 in the reign of Henry III, when the boundaries were moved back.[7]
In the later Middle Ages, Bromsgrove was a centre for the wool trade. Manufacture of cloth, particularly narrow cloth and friezes is first recorded in 1533.[5] It fell into decline by the 1700s. By 1778, 140 hands (i.e., people) were employed in the manufacture of linsey and linen employed 180. By comparison, nail making employed 900 hands by this time.[5]
Nail making was introduced by the French Huguenots in the 17th century and became a thriving industry. At one point Bromsgrove was the world centre[citation needed] of nail making. Mechanisation quickly put the industry into decline.
The Bromsgrove Union Workhouse, on the Birmingham Road, was opened in 1838 and closed in 1948 and is in use as an office building today.
In 1841, Bromsgrove railway works was established. It was primarily a maintenance facility but also built steam locomotives. The works provided employment for people in Bromsgrove. In 1964, following a reorganisation of railway workshops, the works closed and was demolished. The site is now a housing estate. One of the turntable pits still remains.
Major restoration of the Norman and 13th century St. John the Baptist church was carried out in 1858 by Sir George Gilbert Scott.[8] In the churchyard here are the graves of two railwaymen, Tom Scaife and Joseph Rutherford who were killed when their steam locomotive blew up while climbing the steepest mainline railway gradient in England, at the nearby Lickey Incline[citation needed], on 10 November 1840. The driver and his number two died instantly. St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Church in Worcester Road was built by Gilbert Blount in 1858.[9]
Bromsgrove was home for many years to the world-famous "Bromsgrove Guild", a company of craftsmen who produced many fine works of sculpture, ironwork, etc., including the gates of Buckingham Palace (whose locks are stamped with the Guild's name), the lifts on the Lusitania and the famous statue adorning the Fortune Theatre in Drury Lane.
Governance and local politics
- See also: Bromsgrove (UK Parliament constituency) and Bromsgrove (district)
Bromsgrove's Member of Parliament is Sajid Javid. As a largely rural constituency with affluent residential areas, Bromsgrove District is strongly Conservative with further conservative seats being won in the local elections at the expense of 'other' candidates.[10]
Bromsgrove constituency was last represented by Labour by Terry Davies, who defeated Conservative Hal Miller as the result of 10.1% swing in a by-election in 1971.[11] Miller was elected to the new Bromsgrove and Redditch constituency in 1974, and represented Bromsgrove constituency from 1983 to 1992.[12] He was succeeded by Roy Thomason, who was censured by the House of Commons Select Committee on Standards and Privileges for failing to declare loans made to him.[13] He decided not to re-stand after the local Conservative Association opened nominations to other candidates.[14] He was succeeded by Julie Kirkbride in 1997. She did not contest the seat in 2010 following the Westminster expenses scandal, in which she was found to have over-claimed by £29,243.[15]
Bromsgrove has its own youth branch of Conservatives called Bromsgrove Conservative Future, a Labour Party[16] and Labour club and Liberal Democrat Party.[17] Labour voting is strongest in the Whitford, Sidemoor and Charford wards of the town.[18]
Energy policy
In May 2006, a report commissioned by British Gas[19] showed that housing in Bromsgrove produced the 14th highest average carbon emissions in the country at 7,133 kg of carbon dioxide per dwelling.
Geography
The solid geology of Bromsgrove is that of the Triassic (late Scythian to early Ladinian) Bromsgrove Sandstone. It shows red bed facies and was probably laid down by rivers flowing through an arid landscape or in ephemeral, shallow lakes. The uppermost beds were deposited by a brief marine transgression.[20] The soil is very good for market gardening and growing vegetables due to Marl bands. The district is at a general elevation of between 200 feet (61 m) to 300 feet (91 m) above sea level.[21]
Climate
Bromsgrove experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom.
Climate data for Bromsgrove | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7 (45) |
8 (46) |
11 (52) |
13 (55) |
16 (61) |
19 (66) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
18 (64) |
14 (57) |
10 (50) |
7 (45) |
14 (57) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3 (37) |
2 (36) |
4 (39) |
4 (39) |
7 (45) |
10 (50) |
12 (54) |
12 (54) |
10 (50) |
8 (46) |
5 (41) |
3 (37) |
7 (45) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 37.6 (1.48) |
25.4 (1.00) |
24.3 (0.96) |
32.4 (1.28) |
27.1 (1.07) |
35.8 (1.41) |
31.0 (1.22) |
38.5 (1.52) |
39.9 (1.57) |
43.8 (1.72) |
36.7 (1.44) |
33.1 (1.30) |
405.6 (15.97) |
Source: [22] |
Landmarks
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Grafton_manor.jpg/220px-Grafton_manor.jpg)
There is a statue of Alfred Edward Housman in the high street, which was erected in 1985. There is also a sculpture of a dryad and boar in the high street.
Bromsgrove is home to Grafton Manor which dates back to the 14th century.[23] It has a rich history, with one of the daughters of John Talbot married to Robert Wintour, who was involved in the Gunpowder plot.[23]
Economy
In 2004, 33,175 people in Bromsgrove District were in employment. Manufacturing, retail, and services were the biggest sectors of employment in 2001.[24]
Many of Bromsgrove's residents find employment in Birmingham, Redditch, Worcester and other places along the motorway network. MG Rover was a major employer of Bromsgrove residents until its collapse in May 2005. Bromsgrove is still home to LG Harris Ltd, a paint brush manufacturer.(Known locally as "Harris Brush" or just "The Brush"). Business parks in Aston Fields and Buntsford Hill are helping to revitalise the local economy, in addition to newer developments such as Saxon and Harris Business Parks. Bromsgrove District Council is aiming to create a technology corridor along the A38 to take advantage of the area's road links.
Facilities
Municipal facilities
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sanders_Park_Bromsgrove_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1107696.jpg/220px-Sanders_Park_Bromsgrove_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1107696.jpg)
Bromsgrove has a public community library situated in the centre of the town. The library offers not only books but also music CDs, spoken word, foreign language tapes and videos & DVD for adults and children. There are 25 computers available with internet access.[25]
Bromsgrove has a municipal park, Sanders Park. Facilities include: basketball courts, tennis courts, a skate park, children's play area and football pitches. A bonfire night is held annually with a large fireworks display and fair ground rides. Other events are held such as big band afternoons featuring bands playing in the bandstand.
There is a large public leisure centre and sports centre in the town called The Dolphin Centre. It has two swimming pools and a large sports hall. Numerous activities and clubs are held here, such as the Bromsgrove Swimming Club. It is run by Wychavon Leisure and owned by Bromsgrove District Council.
Transport
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lickey_incline.jpg/220px-Lickey_incline.jpg)
Bromsgrove is intersected by the A38 which was bypassed to the east of the town in 1980, the M5 motorway borders the west side and the M42 motorway starts at the north of the town.
Bromsgrove railway station is situated to the south of the town. It sits at the foot of the Lickey Incline which is the steepest Incline on the British mainline network meaning most freight trains require assistance from a locomotive at the rear. Between 1919 and 1956 this was operated by a purpose built locomotive known by drivers as Big Bertha. There are frequent trains to Birmingham New Street, Worcester Foregate Street and Hereford. On 4 May 2007, Network Rail announced that a new station would be built, to replace the existing structure, at a cost in the region of £10-12 million.[26]
There is also a bus station adjacent to the high street. Buses operate to a wide area of Worcestershire and the West Midlands.
Education
State schools
Bromsgrove schools use a three-tier education system (first school, middle school, high school).
Bromsgrove has 11 first schools in its district: Finstall First School, Charford First School,Dodford First School Milfields First School, St. Peters Roman Catholic First School, Stoke Prior First School, Blackwell First School, Sidemoor First School, Catshill First School, Tardebigge CofE First School, Fairfield First School, Hanbury CofE First School and Meadows First School.
There are five Middle Schools: Alvechurch Middle School, Catshill Middle School, Aston Fields Middle School, St John's Middle School and Parkside Middle School.
There are two high schools, North Bromsgrove High School and South Bromsgrove High School opposite Charford. South Bromsgrove is a specialist school in foreign languages and I.T, noted for its extensive use of information technology. A previous headteacher, Philip McTague, was heavily involved in political action to reduce the gap in funding between Worcestershire state schools and others across the country.[27] North Bromsgrove High School has now been classed for a specialist status in media and Creative Arts. They have both, very recently (August 2007), been rebuilt by BAM (formerly known as HBG).
Independent schools
Bromsgrove is also home to Bromsgrove School, a co-educational independent school founded in 1553 with three campuses catering for pupils from nursery to sixth-form that offers boarding facilities. Former pupils include Digby Jones, head of the CBI for many years and the actors Ian Carmichael, Richard Wattis and Trevor Eve. Another independent school Bromsgrove Mount School boasts Jeremy Paxman amongst its list of former pupils.
Special schools
There are two special schools in Bromsgrove, one is Chadsgrove School and Specialist Sports College the other Rigby Hall School.
Further education
Bromsgrove is the main site of North East Worcestershire College, better known as NEW College. In May 2011, NEW College built a motorcycle academy with a £1.7 million grant from Advantage West Midlands, it has been extensively equipped by Harley Davidson.[28]
Sport
Bromsgrove is home to:
- Bromsgrove Rugby Football Club, one of the oldest rugby union clubs in the country. It was formed on the 28 September 1872.[29]
- Bromsgrove Sporting Football Club. A fan owned club formed in 2009 by fans of the dissolved Bromsgrove Rovers club.
- Bromsgrove Cricket, Hockey and Tennis Club.
- Mercian Divers Scuba Diving Club - affiliated to the BSAC (British Sub-Aqua Club).[30]
- North East Worcestershire Ravens rugby league club, who play in the Midlands Rugby League.
- Bromsgrove Indoor Bowls Club (also providing outdoor bowls) based in Charford[31]
Attractions
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bromsgrove_Museum.jpg/220px-Bromsgrove_Museum.jpg)
Avoncroft Museum of Historic Buildings has its home in Bromsgrove. This museum includes the National telephone kiosk Collection. The Bromsgrove Museum in the building of the Tourist Information Office near the centre of town is currently closed.
The Worcester and Birmingham Canal which runs close to Bromsgrove, is a destination for leisure activities such as walking and coarse fishing and there are several narrowboat hire centres situated in nearby villages. The Tardebigge lock flight, with 30 locks, is the longest in the UK.[32] Bromsgrove is 5 miles (8.0 km) away from the historic country house Hanbury Hall, which is open to the public. The town's leisure venues include a nightclub featuring a mixture of styles, and pubs in the town centre include a Wetherspoons pub, a Slug and Lettuce pub and a number of traditional pubs. Bromsgrove is close to the countryside attractions of the Lickey Hills, the Clent Hills, the Waseley Hills.
Entertainment and arts
Bromsgrove is host to a centre for the arts, "Artrix". This is a theatre and a cinema, located in School Drive. It hosts relatively recently-released films, rock concerts, stand-up comedians and classical music concerts from Bromsgrove Concerts.
Several pubs including The Hop Pole, The Wishing Well, The Black Cross, The Dog and Pheasant, The Queens Head, and the Slug & Lettuce offer live entertainment.[citation needed]
Bromsgrove Festival
Since 1960, Bromsgrove has held an annual classical music festival, with an international reputation.[33][34]
Societies and institutions
Court Leet
Although with no official function, Bromsgrove’s Court Leet continues to exist as a ceremonial body.[35]
Bromsgrove Society
The Bromsgrove Society is a charity[36] formed in 1980[36] to protect the built and natural environment of the town.[37][38] Although working with a small income,[39] it has published a number of books and donated money to local history projects including Avoncroft Museum of Historic Buildings and Rosedene Chartist cottage.[40] Its first President was Alfred Wood CBE, the architect of Birmingham Airport.[41]
The Society regularly comments on developments in the town in the local press,[42] runs regular history talks in the town.[43] and presents architectural awards.[44]
The Society produces a newsletter three times a year, looking at local developments, anniversaries and matters of historical interest [45] as well as the Rousler, detailing local history and personal recollections of Bromsgrove residents.[46] The Society has also published a number of books.[47][48] See further reading below.
Other societies
The Bromsgrove Society of Model Engineers was formed in 1982 and operates a track at the Avoncroft Museum of Historic Buildings.[49] The Bromsgrove Photographic Society was formed in 1950 and organises talks in Stoke Prior.[50] 'The rotary club of Bromsgrove' formed in 1936 and chartered in 1937 a Fellowship of business and professional people of both genders who are also involved in community and international projects and fund raising. It has five daughter clubs three of which are in the Bromsgrove district. The club was one of two sponsoring Rotary clubs which started Probus a Fellowship for retired people now represented in over 100 countries worldwide.
Town twinning and friendship links
In May 1980, Bromsgrove was twinned with the German town of Gronau. A formal friendship link document was signed between Bromsgrove and the district of Saint-Sauveur-Lendelin in Normandy, France, in July 1999. Annual exchange visits are made by Bromsgrove and District Twinning Association members to each town with great success.[51]
Twinning
Gronau, Germany
Friendship Link
Saint-Sauveur-Lendelin, Manche, France
Notable residents
- See also: People from Bromsgrove District and People from Bromsgrove
Medieval
- Edmund de Grafton, Member of Parliament for Worcestershire in several early Parliaments.[52]
- Richard Bromsgrove, Abbot of Evesham[53]
- Sir Humphrey Stafford of Grafton, died 1449 fighting the Cade rebellion and character in Shakespeare’s Henry VI, Part 2.[54][55]
- Sir Humphrey Stafford of Grafton, executed in at Tyburn in 1486 for the rebellion against Henry VII.[56]
1500-1700
- John Talbot of Grafton, Catholic recusant suspected wrongly of involvement in the Gunpowder Plot
- Gertrude Wintour, née Talbot, daughter of John Talbot. She was the wife of the Robert Wintour executed for his involvement in the Gunpowder Plot
- Francis Talbot, who died as the result of a duel at Barn Elms with the Duke of Buckingham over his wife
- Anna Talbot, wife of Francis and famous beauty
- William Dugard, schoolmaster, seventeenth century
18th century
- Sarah Bache, hymn writer, born in Bromsgrove about 1771
19th century
- Benjamin Bomford, farmer
- Alfred Edward Housman, 1859, poet.[57]
- Laurence Housman, brother of Alfred, illustrator, playwright, writer and left-wing political activist
- Clemence Housman, sister of Alfred, author and suffragette
- Benjamin Maund, botanist and chemist, publisher and bookseller
- Elijah Walton, artist, lived in Lickey, died there in 1880[5]
- George Cadbury, creator of Cadbury chocolates.
- John Corbett, the Salt King, lived in Bromsgrove prior to building Chateau Impney.
20th and 21st century
- Singer/actor, Michael Ball, was born in Bromsgrove.[58]
- Heavy Metal Singer Andy Dyer grew up in Bromsgrove
- Some members of Beat Union were born in Bromsgrove and Redditch.[59]
- Michael Buerk, BBC News presenter and journalist, once worked for the local 'Bromsgrove Messenger' newspaper.
- Dan Bull, internet activist and musician.
- Joyce Carpenter, of Charford, smallest woman in Britain; subject of ATV Today interview recently[when?] reviewed as part of Disability Film Festival Day[60]
- Andy Smith, 1967, a professional darts player with a nickname known to fans as the 'pie-man', was born here.
- Nicola Charles, 1969, actor.
- Sally Price, Photographer.
- Jonathan Coe, author, was born in Lickey in 1961.[61]
- Fyfe Dangerfield, musician[62]
- Nicholas Evans, author, best known for The Horse Whisperer.[63]
- Craig Fagan, Hull City footballer.
- Walter Gilbert (sculptor) of the Bromsgrove Guild
- Geoffrey Hill, 1932, poet.[64]
- Ritchie Neville, member of boy band Five attended Bromsgrove School.
- Richard Orford, TV Presenter.[65]
- Ernest Anthony Pratt (or Anthony E Pratt) (1903–1994), the inventor of the board game Cluedo, is buried in Bromsgrove Cemetery.[66]
- Matthew Priest, Musician.
- Pat Roach (1937–2004), wrestler and actor is buried in Bromsgrove Cemetery.[66]
- Gary Rowett former professional footballer and now assistant manager at Burton Albion.
- David Rudkin, playwright, taught at North Bromsgrove High School in the early 1960s. His play Afore Night Come (1962) was inspired by his experiences in the countryside close to Bromsgrove.
- Alan M. Smith, 1962, footballer.
- Trudie Styler was born in Bromsgrove.
- Jim Swire, 1936, doctor and father of Lockerbie victim.
- Jess Varnish (b. 1990), top-level cyclist
- Clifford T. Ward, singer/songwriter who lived in nearby Stourport, taught English language and drama in Bromsgrove before resigning to concentrate on his solo career.
- Mark Williams, 1959, actor, famous for portraying Arthur Weasley in the Harry Potter film franchise.
- Serial killer Russell Williams, former colonel in the Canadian Forces and former commander of CFB Trenton was born in Bromsgrove.[67]
Further reading
- Bromsgrove (Images of England) - ISBN 0-7524-1146-2
- Glory Gone: The Story of Nailing in Bromsgrove - ISBN 0-9513525-1-2
- Bygone Bromsgrove, a collection of essays about aspects of local history, including Grafton Manor, local watermills, railways, canals and the nailmaking industry, first published in 1981.[68] ISBN 978-0-9509471-4-3
- The Extraordinary Adventures of Benjamin Sanders, Buttonmaker of Bromsgrove[69] ISBN 978-0-9509471-2-9
- The Bromsgrove Guild - an Illustrated History, edited by Quintin Watt[70] ISBN 978-0-9509471-6-7
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Artrix Bromsgrove's Theatre, Cinema & Live Music Venue
- Bromsgrove Standard Local Bromsgrove weekly newspaper
- Bromsgrove Advertiser Local Bromsgrove weekly newspaper
- The Bromsgrove Society
- Bromsgrove Workhouse, History and Information
- Bromsgrove District Council
- Bromsgrove Online
- BromsgroveTown.com (Town Centre Directory)
- St John the Baptist Church
- Bromsgrove Technology Park
- St Andrews Church
- All Saints Church
- St Godwalds Church
- Mercian Divers Scuba Diving Club
- Bromsgrove District Scouts
References
- ^ a b "Census 2001: Key Statistics for urban areas in England and Wales" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 2004. Retrieved 10 September 2009.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ "Bransgrove surname meaning". SurnameDB. 24 February 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ "Property in Barnt Green, Bearwood, Bromsgrove, Kings Heath, Moseley, Northfield, Redditch". Oulsnam. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ Slater & Jarvis (1982). Field and Forest. Geo Books. ISBN 0-86094-099-3.
- ^ a b c d e Parishes: Bromsgrove, A History of the County of Worcester: volume 3 (1913), pp. 19-33. Date accessed: 19 February 2011
- ^ Cal. Close, 1234–7, p. 370, quoted in Parishes: Bromsgrove.
- ^ Humphreys FSA, John. "Forest of Feckenham". Transactions and proceedings. 44–45. Birmingham and Warwickshire Archaeology Society: 115–132.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) (page 120) - ^ The Buildings of England: Worcestershire, Nikolaus Pevsner, 1968 Penguin. p109
- ^ The Buildings of England: Worcestershire, Nikolaus Pevsner, 1968 Penguin. p110
- ^ "Bromsgrove local elections". BBC. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
- ^ Labour take Bromsgrove from Tories with 10.1 per cent poll swing, David Wood Political Editor The Times 28 May 28, 1971
- ^ Hilary Miller page, They Work for you
- ^ David Leppard and Tim Kelsey, "Conservative MP censured on loans to cover £6m debts", The Sunday Times, 28 July 1996, p. 1.
- ^ "News in brief", The Times, 19 September 1996, p. 1.
- ^ Hélène, Hélène (4 February 2010). "Husband-and-wife MPs ordered to repay £60,000". Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
- ^ http://www.bromsgrovelabour.org.uk/
- ^ http://bromsgrovelibdems.org.uk/en/
- ^ Bromsgrove District Council, list of Councillors
- ^ Domestic Carbon Dioxide Emissions for Selected Cities
- ^ The British Geological Survey (1991). Geology of the country around Redditch. HMSO. p. 83. ISBN 0-11-884477-6.
- ^ The British Association (1950). Birmingham & Its Regional Setting: A Scientific Survey. The Local Executive Committee.
- ^ "Averages for Bromsgrove".
- ^ a b "History of Grafton Manor". Grafton Manor Hotel. Archived from the original on 6 August 2005. Retrieved 14 January 2006.
{{cite web}}
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(help) Cite error: The named reference "Grafton Manor Hotel" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ Office of National Statistic, 2001 Census statistics for Bromsgrove District
- ^ "Bromsgrove Public Library". Worcestershire County Council. 2006. Retrieved 13 January 2006.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) [dead link] - ^ "Bromsgrove to get new station" (Press release). Network Rail. 4 May 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ Forum in renewed call for school cash, 26 January 2004 Worcester News Archive
- ^ "The Motorcycle Academy". Advantage West Midlands. 2006. Retrieved 21 January 2006.
{{cite web}}
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(help) [dead link] - ^ Cowlin, John (1999). "History of Bromsgrove RFC". In Touch Online. Retrieved 14 January 2006.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ Mercian Divers website
- ^ Bromsgrove & District Indoor Bowls Club
- ^ "Canals in Herefordshire and Worcestershire". BBC. 2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - ^ Bromsgrove Festival site
- ^ Bromsgrove Festival of Music, The Times 6 April 1961, p8
- ^ Bromsgrove Court Leet website
- ^ a b Open Charities
- ^ Bromsgrove Society website
- ^ Bromsgrove Society Charitable objects, Charities Direct
- ^ Charity Commission
- ^ Where Did That Money Go? Rosedene Restoration Fund, by Gordon Long, Bromsgrove Society Newsletter June 2003
- ^ Worcester News 5 April 2006
- ^ For instance, Advertiser, September 2010
- ^ History talks from the Bromsgrove Society, Advertiser, 11 January 2011
- ^ Tardebigge building wins prestigious design award, Bromsgrove Advertiser 28 July 2009
- ^ Bromsgrove Society newsletter archive
- ^ Bromsgrove Society Rousler page
- ^ Bromsgrove Society publications
- ^ Bromsgrove Society, publisher listing, Open Library
- ^ Bromsgrove Society of Model Engineers history page
- ^ Bromsgrove Photographic Society
- ^ "Bromsgrove and District Twinning Association History and Aims". This is Worcestershire. 2006. Archived from the original on 15 February 2006. Retrieved 22 January 2006.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ Treadway Russell Nash, Collections for a History of Worcestershire (1783)
- ^ "Bromsgrove, Richard". Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ Shakspeareana genealogica: (In two parts.) By George Russell French, 1869, Macmillan
- ^ Henry VI Part II full text
- ^ Stanley Bertram Chrimes, Henry VII. -, Berkeley, ISBN 0-520-02266-1, 0520022661 page 71
- ^ "Alfred Edward Housman". The Housman Society. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ Chris High. "Michael Ball Interview 2008". Chrishigh.com. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ "Beat Union Concerts, Concert Pictures, Reviews, Videos and Tour Journals | Woodstock.com the Official Woodstock Site". Woodstock.com. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ ATV Today, 11 December 1972
- ^ Laity, Paul (29 May 2010). "A life in writing: Jonathan Coe". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
- ^ "No.24 Fyfe Dangerfield". Birmingham Post. 17 July 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ "Nicholas Evans at Transworld". Booksattransworld.co.uk. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ Potts, Robert (10 August 2002). "Profile: Geoffrey Hill | Books". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ "'LIFE'S A DREAM ...BUT I STILL ENVY DEAN!' ME AND MY BEST FRIEND". The People. 12 October 1997. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
- ^ a b "Bromsgrove Cemetery". Find A Grave. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ Allen, Nick (14 May 2010). "Canadian commander accused of murders and sex attacks". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ Bygone Bromsgrove Open Library page
- ^ The Extraordinary Adventures of Benjamin Sanders, Buttonmaker of Bromsgrove Open Library page
- ^ The Bromsgrove Guild Open Library page