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Hurricane Isaac (2012)

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"Hurricane Isaac" redirects here. For other hurricanes of this name, see Tropical Storm Isaac.
Hurricane Isaac
Current storm status
Category 1 hurricane (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:8 p.m. CDT August 28 (0100 UTC August 29)
Location:29.0°N 89.6°W ± 15 nm
About 30 mi (50 km) WSW of the mouth of the Mississippi River
About 75 mi (120 km) SSE of New Orleans, Louisiana
Sustained winds:70 knots (80 mph; 130 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 85 knots (100 mph; 155 km/h)
Pressure:968 mbar (hPa; 28.59 inHg)
Movement:NW at 7 kt (8 mph; 13 km/h)
See more detailed information.

Hurricane Isaac is currently hitting the northern Gulf Coast of the United States, including the western Florida Panhandle, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. The ninth tropical cyclone and ninth named storm of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, Isaac developed from a tropical wave located east of the Lesser Antilles on August 21. Isaac formed from an initially disorganized system, strengthening into a tropical storm later that day. Isaac passed over Hispaniola and Cuba as a strong tropical storm, killing at least 24 individuals, as it entered the Gulf of Mexico. Isaac reached hurricane strength the morning of August 28. It made its first US landfall at 6:45 pm CDT that evening near the mouth of the Mississippi River.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

A tropical wave crossed the west coast of Africa between August 15 and August 16.[1] Later that day and early on August 17, the system began developing more convection, while located just west of Sierra Leone. As a result, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring the system in the Tropical Weather Outlooks (TWOs).[2] Thereafter, further organization briefly halted, though by early on August 18, associated convection became more concentrated.[3] On the following day, the wave reached a "high" probability of tropical cyclogenesis.[4] Between early on August 19 and early on August 21, minimal structural improvement occurred, despite increases in development probability.[5] By August 21, the system developed enough organized for the NHC to initiate advisories on Tropical Depression Nine; at the time, the depression was located about 715 mi (1150 km) east of the Leeward Islands, moving westward to the south of a large ridge. Conditions were generally favorable for further intensification, with the exception of northeasterly wind shear.[6]

Late on August 21, a Hurricane Hunters mission observed flight-level winds of 51 mph (84 km/h), and on this basis the NHC upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Isaac. Despite its intensification, the storm was disorganized with its center located north of the deepest convection.[7] The circulation became elongated early on August 22, and the storm absorbed drier air in its northeast quadrant.[8] Later that day, the low pressure area passed just south of Guadeloupe and into the Caribbean Sea.[9] Dry air continued to hinder convection,[7] although Isaac gradually became better organized.[10] By late on August 24, the Hurricane Hunters observed a well-defined circulation; by that time, however, the strongest convection was moving over Hispaniola.[11] An eye feature developed early on August 25,[12] and Isaac attained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) before crossing the southwestern peninsula of Haiti.[13]

While moving across Haiti, the circulation of Isaac became disrupted while the convection became disorganized.[14] Continuing to the northwest, the storm moved along the north coast of Cuba.[15] Convection increased over the center by early on August 26, and Isaac re-intensified slightly while entering the Straits of Florida.[16] However, continued dry air prevented the inner core of convection from developing. Hurricane Hunters reported that a ragged eye developed multiple times, but the feature was unable to persist. The storm tracked northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico due to a subtropical ridge to its north.[17] Although the barometric pressure continued to decrease, Isaac remained a large storm, which contributed to the lack of strengthening.[18] At about 1620 UTC on August 28, Isaac attained hurricane status about 75 mi (115 km) south-southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River, based on data from the Hurricane Hunters.[19]

Current storm information

As of 8 p.m. CDT August 28 (0100 UTC August 29), Hurricane Isaac is located within 15 nautical miles of 29°00′N 89°36′W / 29.0°N 89.6°W / 29.0; -89.6 (Isaac), about 30 mi (50 km) west-southwest of the mouth of the Mississippi River and about 75 mi (120 km) south-southeast of New Orleans, Louisiana. Maximum sustained winds are 70 knots (80 mph, 130 km/h), with stronger gusts. Minimum central pressure is 968 mbar (hPa; 28.59 InHg), and the system is moving northwest at 7 kt (8 mph, 13 km/h).

Hurricane force winds extend up to 60 miles (95 km) from the center of Isaac, and tropical storm force winds up to 60 miles (95 km) from the center.

For latest official information see:

Watches and warnings

See also: Tropical cyclone warnings and watches

Template:HurricaneWarningsTable

Social Media Outlets


Preparations

Lesser Antilles

Upon the first advisory at 0900 UTC on August 21, a tropical storm watch was issued for the British Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands, as well as Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten. Additionally, a tropical storm warning was put into effect for Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, dependencies of Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Nevis, Saint Kitts, and Saint Martin.[20] By 0910 UTC, the Government of Anguilla issued a tropical storm warning for Anguilla.[21] Later that day, the tropical storm watch in effect for Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten was upgraded to a tropical storm warning. Simultaneously, the Government of France issued a tropical storm warning for Martinique.[22] Early on August 22, the tropical storm watch for the British Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands was upgraded to a tropical storm warning. Around that time, a hurricane watch was also issued for Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.[23]

Greater Antilles and The Bahamas

At 0900 UTC on August 22, the Government of the Dominican Republic issued a tropical storm watch along the north coast of Dominican Republic, from the international border with Haiti eastward to Saona Island. Simultaneously, a hurricane watch was put into place on the south coast and stretched from the border of Dominican Republic and Haiti eastward to Saona Island.[24] At Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, a trial for five prisoners, who allegedly planned the September 11 attacks, was postponed as Isaac approached.[25]

At 1030 UTC on August 24, the Government of Jamaica issued a tropical storm watch for the entire island of Jamaica.[26] Early on the following day, the Cayman Islands Meteorological Service designated the Cayman Islands under a tropical storm watch.[27] Several hours later, the tropical storm watches for both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands were discontinued on August 25.[28][29]

Gulf of Mexico

Oil production in the Gulf of Mexico was down by 24 percent and gas off by 8, as several major companies (including BP and Shell) evacuated their installations in the eastern part of the basin. Overall, at least 39 (7 percent) of 596 production platforms and eight (11 percent) of 76 Gulf oil rigs were evacuated in the Gulf on August 26. [30] By the evening of August 27, approximately 78% of the Gulf's crude oil production and 48% of its natural gas production had been closed. [31]

United States

Florida

At 2100 UTC on August 24, a tropical storm watch was issued for all of Florida south of the Jupiter Inlet on the east coast and south of Bonita Springs; it also included Lake Okeechobee and the Florida Keys.[32] Early on the next day, the tropical storm watch was upgraded to a warning, while the Florida Keys and the mainland from Ocean Reef to Bonita Springs was now under a hurricane watch. Further north, a tropical storm watch was issued from the Jupiter Inlet to the Sebastian Inlet.[27] Later on August 25, the hurricane watch was switched to a warning, while a separate hurricane watch was issued from Golden Beach southward.[33]

Isaac also poses a threat to the 2012 Republican National Convention (RNC), which is being held in Tampa, Florida during the week of August 27, 2012. According to the Republican National Convention spokesman James Davis, officials have been coordinating with the United States Secret Service, should the 50,000 politicians, delegates, and reporters require evacuation.[34] The Republican National Convention was pushed to August 28, 2012 with the storms threatening the coast of Tampa.[35] Orange juice prices also increased due to the threat of the storm in Florida, which produces more than 75 percent of orange crops in the United States.[25] On August 25, Florida Governor Rick Scott declared a state of emergency for the state of Florida ahead of Tropical Storm Isaac. Amtrak suspended the Silver Meteor and Silver Star train service from Orlando to Miami on Sunday, August 26th.[36]

On August 25, the chairman of the RNC Reince Priebus announced the convention would only convene for a short amount of time on August 27 and "immediately recess until Tuesday afternoon, August 28". At the same time, Governor Scott announced he will not be attending the convention, together with Alabama governor Robert J. Bentley. [37][38]

Louisiana

Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal declared a state of emergency for Louisiana on August 26.[39] Later that day, reports of exposed levees in Louisiana began surfacing from local news outlets. Crews were reportedly dispatched to cover the exposed dirt with heavy plastic and fill gaps in the levees with Hesco bastions.[40][41] A mandatory evacuation was ordered for St. Charles Parish and for the east bank of Plaquemines Parish and in Lafourche Parish below the Leon Theriot floodgates in Golden Meadow.[42][43] 4,000 National Guard troops have been activated in the state.[44] Governor Jindal announced that he would not be attending the 2012 Republican National Convention and will remain in his state to take care of storm-related problems.[45] On August 27, President Obama ordered federal aid to Louisiana to supplement state and local response efforts due to the emergency conditions resulting from Tropical Storm Isaac beginning on August 26, 2012, and continuing.[46] Governor Jindal on August 27 sent a letter to the Obama administration that the declaration fell short of the help he was requesting.[47]

Mississippi

Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant declared a state of emergency the evening of August 26,[48] The governor has ordered mandatory evacuations to begin at 8 a.m. CT (9 a.m. ET) on August 27 for residents who live along the coast and for those in some low-lying areas inland.[49] On August 27, the Jackson County Board of Supervisors ordered a mandatory evacuation of all areas south of U.S. Route 90. It includes all areas south of 90 in Ocean Springs, Mississippi, Gautier, Mississippi and Pascagoula, Mississippi. The evacuation was in effect as of 4pm CT.[50] Officials dispatched 1,500 National Guard troops to the state's three southern counties, as well as 45 state troopers to ease traffic flow.[51] On August 28, The president signed an emergency declaration for the state of Mississippi.[52]

Alabama

Alabama Governor Robert J. Bentley has declared a state of emergency ahead of Isaac.[53] Mandatory evacuations for Baldwin and Mobile counties beginning at 8:00 a.m. on August 27 for zones one and two.[54] Governor Bentley soon announced that he would not be attending the 2012 Republican National Convention, and will remain in his state to take care of storm-related problems.[37][38][55] On August 28, Governor Bentley lifted the mandatory evacuation orders covering southern Baldwin and Mobile counties and issued voluntary orders for areas vulnerable to Isaac’s expected impact.[56]

Impact

Effects by Area
Country/Region Deaths
Dominican Republic 5
Haiti 19
Puerto Rico 0 (1)
Florida 0 (2)
Total 24 (3)

Lesser Antilles

In Martinique, a meteorologist reported at least 3 inches (76 mm) of rain. One indirect fatality occurred in Puerto Rico after a 75-year-old woman fell from a second-floor balcony in Bayamón while preparing for the storm. In Naguabo, minor coastal flooding had resulted in at least one road closure. Scattered to widespread power outages were also confirmed throughout Puerto Rico. [57]

Greater Antilles

Haiti

Isaac swept across Haiti's southern peninsula, bringing flooding and storms in areas affected by the devastating earthquake on January 12, 2010. A woman and a child died in the town of Souvenance, and a 10-year-old girl died in Thomazeau when a wall fell on her, according to the director of Haiti's Civil Protection Office. A seven-year-old boy was electrocuted in the city of Gonaives.[58] Overall, there were at least eight deaths in the country. [59] [60] As many as 5,000 people were evacuated because of flooding, as scores of tents in quake settlement camps collapsed and at least 300 houses were flooded in the Port-au-Prince shantytown of Cité Soleil. Doctors Without Borders announced it anticipated a spike in cholera cases due to flooding and it was preparing to receive more patients. President Michel Martelly canceled his trip to Japan to coordinate emergency response efforts and visit residents with Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe. [61] [62] [63]

On August 26, the Haitian government announced that at least 14,000 people had left their homes, while another 13,500 were living in emergency shelters. According to official figures, at least a dozen houses were destroyed and 269 damaged during the storm. [64] On August 27, the death toll in Haiti was revised up to at least 19, with 16 others missing. Authorities estimated at least 30,000 residents were evacuated across the island of Hispaniola.[65]

Dominican Republic

Waves from Tropical Storm Isaac battering the coast of the Dominican Republic.

Authorities in the Dominican Republic evacuated nearly 7,800 people from low-lying areas, and at least 10 rural settlements were cut off by flooding. Parts of the capital Santo Domingo lost electricity during the height of the storm. Two men were swept away by flooded rivers, and at least 49 homes were destroyed throughout the country. At least five fatalities were reported, including three men who drowned in flooded rivers. [66][67] [68]

Cuba

The center of the storm crossed Cuba 28 miles (45 kilometers) west of Maisí, the extreme eastern tip of the island, according to state television. In Baracoa, the electricity was cut off as a preventive measure, and at least two houses were destroyed by flooding. Authorities announced 230 people were in emergency shelters. At the Sol Cayo Coco resort to the west, guests were moved out of the first floor rooms, and intermittent rains and gusty winds were present even in the capital Havana, almost 560 miles (900 kilometers) away. [69]

United States

Florida

The storm dropped heavy rainfall in Palm Beach County. According to the deputy manager of Wellington, more than 14 inches (360 mm) of rain fell. Two people died in separate traffic accidents which were weather related. [70] On August 27, an EF0 tornado touched down near Vero Beach and damaged several mobile homes.[71]

Louisiana

A dangerous storm surge was reported. Entergy Louisiana reported around 100,000 without power in southeast Louisiana as of Tuesday evening, mainly in Orleans and Jefferson Parishes. [72]

Mississippi

A 5.5-foot storm surge was reported in Hancock County as of Tuesday evening.[73]

Alabama

1.35 inches of rain was reported at Mobile Regional Airport as of Tuesday evening. [74]
Coastal flooding was reported in several towns in Mobile and Baldwin Counties including Bayou la Batre[75], Gulf Shores, and Orange Beach.

See also

References

  1. ^ Todd Kimberlain and John Zelinsky (August 16, 2012). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  2. ^ Eric Blake (August 17, 2012). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  3. ^ John Cangialosi (August 18, 2012). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  4. ^ Eric Blake (August 19, 2012). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  5. ^ Eric Blake and Richard Pasch (August 21, 2012). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  6. ^ Stacy Stewart (August 21, 2012). Tropical Depression Nine Discussion Number 1 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
  7. ^ a b Jack Beven (August 21, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 3 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 23, 2012. Cite error: The named reference "disc3" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ Jack Beven (August 22, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 6 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
  9. ^ Jack Beven (August 22, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 7 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
  10. ^ Jack Beven (August 23, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 10 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
  11. ^ Jack Beven (August 24, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 15 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  12. ^ Jack Beven (August 25, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 16 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  13. ^ Michael Brennan (August 25, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 17 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  14. ^ Jack Beven (August 25, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 18 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  15. ^ Jack Beven (August 25, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 19 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  16. ^ Michael Brennan (August 26, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 21 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  17. ^ Stacy Stewart (August 27, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 26 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
  18. ^ Richard Pasch (August 28, 2012). Tropical Storm Isaac Discussion Number 29 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
  19. ^ Stacy Stewart; Jack Beven (August 28, 2012). Hurricane Isaac Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
  20. ^ Stacy Stewart (August 21, 2012). "Tropical Depression Nine Advisory Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  21. ^ Stacy Stewart (August 21, 2012). "Tropical Depression Nine Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  22. ^ John Beven II (August 21, 2012). "Tropical Depression Nine Advisory Number 2". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  23. ^ Richard Pasch (August 22, 2012). "Tropical Storm Isaac Advisory Number 4". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  24. ^ Stacy Stewart (August 22, 2012). "Tropical Storm Isaac Advisory Number 5". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  25. ^ a b "Storm Isaac threatens Caribbean, U.S. Republican Convention". Reuters. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Michael Brennan (August 24, 2012). "Tropical Storm Isaac Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  27. ^ a b Stacy Stewart (August 25, 2012). "Tropical Storm Isaac Advisory Number 16". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  28. ^ Michael Brennan (August 25, 2012). "Tropical Storm Isaac Advisory Number 16-A". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  29. ^ John Beven II (August 25, 2012). "Tropical Storm Isaac Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  30. ^ Energy companies evacuate oil rigs, slash production, as Tropical Storm Isaac approaches Gulf (The Washington Post)
  31. ^ Tropical Storm Isaac: Obama declares Louisiana emergency (BBC)
  32. ^ John Beven II (August 24, 2012). "Tropical Storm Isaac Advisory Number 15". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  33. ^ Micheal Brennan and David Roberts (August 24, 2012). "Tropical Storm Isaac Advisory Number 17". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  34. ^ Alan Gomez and Doyle Rice (August 21, 2012). "Isaac could threaten GOP convention in Tampa". Tucson Citizen. USA Today. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  35. ^ "Hurricane Isaac delays start of Republican National Convention in Tampa". CSMONITER. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  36. ^ "Amtrak Silver Service Impacted by Approaching Tropical Storm Isaac". Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  37. ^ a b "Gov. Scott withdraws from RNC activities ahead of Isaac". Bay News 9. August 25, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  38. ^ a b "First day of RNC effectively canceled as Isaac looms". Bay News 9. August 25, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  39. ^ "Gov. Jindal declares state of emergency due to Isaac". Fox 8 New Orleans. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  40. ^ "Plaquemines crews protect newly raised levees". Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  41. ^ "Grand Isle evacuating; hurricane warning in SE La". Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  42. ^ "Eerie similarites: Isaac follows track of Katrina, evacuations ordered for coast". CNN. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  43. ^ "Mandatory evacuation in Lafourche Parish below the Leon Theriot floodgates in Golden Meadow. Residents urged to leave by 6 p.m. Aug. 28". breakingnews.com. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  44. ^ "Tropical Storm Isaac lashes Florida Keys with wind, rain; New Orleans preps". NBCNews.com. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  45. ^ "Governors in Isaac's crosshairs are canceling GOP convention trips Read more: http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/08/26/gop-governors-in-isaac-crosshairs-are-staying-home-delaying-convention-trips/#ixzz24jwlVhme". Fox News. Retrieved 27 August 2012. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  46. ^ "SEVERE WEATHER LIVE BLOG: TRACKING ISAAC". Reuters. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  47. ^ "La. Gov. Bobby Jindal asks President Obama for more Tropical Storm Isaac aid". CBS News. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  48. ^ Miss. declares emergency as Isaac aims for state (NatChezDemocrat)
  49. ^ "Eerie similarites: Isaac follows track of Katrina, evacuations ordered for coast". CNN. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  50. ^ "Jackson Co. orders mandatory evacuation south of Hwy 90". WLOX TV. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  51. ^ "Isaac poised for Gulf landfall near Katrina anniversary". CNN. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  52. ^ Levs, Josh. "As Isaac closes in on Gulf, officials warn complacency could kill". CNN. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  53. ^ "State of Emergency, Mandatory Evacuations issued in AL ahead of Isaac". WAAY TV. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  54. ^ Talbot, George. "Gov. Bentley declares state of emergency, orders mandatory evacuations ahead of Isaac". al.com. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  55. ^ "Tropical Storm Isaac aims at north Gulf Coast, could hit near anniversary of Hurricane Katrina Read more: http://www.foxnews.com/weather/2012/08/27/tropical-storm-isaac-aims-at-north-gulf-coast-could-hit-near-anniversary/#ixzz24jxyrSyV". Fox News. Retrieved 27 August 2012. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  56. ^ Watwood, Ty. "Governor Bentley Lifts Mandatory Evacuation Orders for Alabama Gulf Coast". WHNT TV. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  57. ^ Carlisle Baptiste (August 22, 2012). "Tropical Storm Isaac churns into eastern Caribbean". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Associated Press. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
  58. ^ "Tropical Storm Isaac douses Haiti, killing 4 before crossing Cuba and aiming at Florida". The Washington Post. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  59. ^ "Hispaniola death toll from Isaac climbs to 10". The Times Online. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  60. ^ Jacqueline Charles; Juan Tamayo; Jim Wyss (August 26, 2012). "Isaac death toll on rise. At least 7 killed in Haiti". The Miami Herald. Retrieved 2012-08-26.
  61. ^ "ISAAC DRENCHES HAITI, HEADS TOWARD CUBA, FLORIDA". AP. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  62. ^ "Tropical Storm Isaac douses Haiti, killing 3; heads into Cuba, then is aimed at Florida". Newser. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  63. ^ "Isaac Storms Through Haiti". Haitian Times. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  64. ^ "Hispaniola death toll from Isaac climbs to 10". The Times Online. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  65. ^ "Tropical Storm Isaac's Death Toll In Haiti Rises To 19". Huffington Post. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  66. ^ "Hispaniola death toll from Isaac climbs to 10". The Times Online. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  67. ^ "Tropical Storm Isaac douses Haiti, killing 3; heads into Cuba, then is aimed at Floridaurl=http://www.newser.com/article/da0sins81/tropical-storm-isaac-douses-haiti-killing-3-heads-into-cuba-then-is-aimed-at-florida.html". Newser. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  68. ^ "Tropical Storm Isaac's Death Toll In Haiti Rises To 19". Huffington Post. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  69. ^ "Tropical Storm Isaac douses Haiti, killing 3; heads into Cuba, then is aimed at Florida". Newser. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  70. ^ http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/weather/isaac-leaves-a-surprisefloods-cancellations/nRLf8/
  71. ^ "Storm Reports for August 27, 2012". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 28, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
  72. ^ NOLA.com
  73. ^ http://www.clarionledger.com/
  74. ^ National Weather Service WFO Mobile, Alabama
  75. ^ Andrews, Cassandra. "Isaac brings wind, rain and flooding to Bayou La Batre". al.com. Retrieved 28 Aug 2012.

See also

‎

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