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Conakry

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Coordinates: 09°30′33″N 13°42′44″W / 9.50917°N 13.71222°W / 9.50917; -13.71222
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Conakry
Kɔnakiri
Conakry, Guinea
Conakry, Guinea
Country Guinea
RegionConakry Region
Population
 (2008)
 • Total1,931,184 [2]
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (CEST)

Conakry (Sosso: Kɔnakiri) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. Conakry is a port city on the Atlantic Ocean and serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea with a 2009 population of 1,548,500.[1] Originally situated on Tombo Island, one of the Îles de Los, it has since spread up the neighboring Kaloum Peninsula.

The population of Conakry is difficult to ascertain, although the U.S. Bureau of African Affairs has estimated it at 2 million.[2] Conakry is thought to contain almost a quarter of the population of Guinea.

History

According to a legend, the name of the city comes from the fusion of the name "Cona", a wine producer of the Baga people, and the word "nakiri", which means in Sosso the other bank or side.[3]

Streetmap of the city centre of Conakry, 1981

Conakry was originally settled on tiny Tombo Island and later spread to the neighboring Kaloum Peninsula, a 36-kilometer (22 mi) long stretch of land 0.2 to 6 kilometers (660 to 19,690 ft) wide. The city was essentially founded after Britain ceded the island to France in 1887. In 1885, the two island villages of Conakry and Boubinet had fewer than 500 inhabitants. Conakry became the capital of French Guinea in 1904 and prospered as an export port, particularly after a (now closed) railway to Kankan opened the large scale export of groundnut from the interior.

In the decades after independence, the population of Conakry exploded, from 50,000 inhabitants in 1958 to 600,000 in 1980, to over two million today.[4] Its small land area and relative isolation from the mainland, while an advantage to its colonial founders, has created an infrastructural burden since independence.[5]

File:Conakry-1970momunent.JPG
Monument du 22 Novembre 1970 commemorating the victims of the 1970 Portuguese invasion

In 1970, conflict between Portuguese forces and the PAIGC in neighbouring Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau) spilled into the Republic of Guinea when a group of 350 Portuguese troops and Guinean dissidents landed near Conakry, attacked the city, and freed 26 Portuguese prisoners of war held by the PAIGC before retreating, failing to overthrow the government or kill the PAIGC leadership.[6]

Camp Boiro, a feared concentration camp during the rule of Sekou Toure, was located in Conakry.[7]

According to human rights groups, 157 people died during the 2009 Guinea protest when the military junta opened fire against tens of thousands of protesters in the city in on 28 September 2009.[8]

Government and administration

Conakry is a special city with a single region and prefecture government. The local government of the city was decentralized in 1991 between five municipal communes headed by a mayor.[9] From the tip in the southwest, these are:

The five urban communes make up the Conakry Region, one of the eight Regions of Guinea, which is headed by a governor. At the second-tier prefect level, the city is designated as the Conakry Special Zone, though the prefecture and regional government are one and the same. At two million inhabitants, it is far and away the largest city in Guinea, making up almost a quarter of the nation's population and making it more than four times bigger than its nearest rival, Kankan.

Economy

A street scene in Conakry

Conakry is Guinea's largest city and its administrative, communications, and economic centre. The city's economy revolves largely around the port, which has modern facilities for handling and storing cargo, through which alumina and bananas are shipped. Manufactures include food products and housing materials. An average Guinean in Conakry will get a monthly wage of about 300 000 GNF or about $45.

Infrastructural crisis

Periodic power and water cuts are a daily burden for Conakry's residents, dating back to early 2002. Government and power company officials blame the drought of February 2001 for a failure of the hydro-electric supply to the capital, and a failure of aging machinery for the continuation of the crisis. Critics of the government cite mis-management, corruption, and the pull out of the power agency's French partner at the beginning of 2002. As of 2007, much of the city has no traffic lighting in the overnight hours.[10] Popular anger at shortages in Conakry was entwined with anti-government protests, strikes, and violence over the rule of President Lansana Conté and the successive prime ministers, Cellou Dalein Diallo and Eugène Camara, appointed to fill the post after the resignation of Prime Minister François Lonseny Fall in April 2004. Violence reached a peak in January–February 2007 in a general strike, which saw over one hundred deaths when the Army confronted protesters[11]

Climate

According to Köppen climate classification, Conakry features a tropical monsoon climate. Conakry features a wet season and a dry season. Like a good portion of West Africa, Conakry's dry season is influenced by the harmattan between December and April. As a result relatively little precipitation falls in the city during these months. However, unlike a good portion of West Africa, Conakry's wet season sees an extraordinary amount of precipitation. As a result, Conakry averages nearly 3,800 mm (149 in.) of precipitation per year, earning the city a tropical monsoon climate classification. Template:Conakry weatherbox

Notable landmarks

Hospitals

Hotels

Markets

Palaces and museums

Parks and gardens

Places of worship

Universities and education

Other

See also

Notes

  1. ^ [1] (2009 estimate)
  2. ^ "Background Note: Guinea". Bureau of African Affairs, U.S. Department of State, January 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2007; World Gazetteer. Retrieved 16 June 2008
  3. ^ Histoire de Conakry – Template:Fr icon
  4. ^ Patrick Manning. Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880–1995, Cambridge (1998)
  5. ^ For the urban infrastructure and its history, see M. Dian DIALLO. Street Addressing And Basic Services In Conakry, Guinea. Presented at the Urban Forum/ World Bank – Washington, D.C. – 2–4 April 2002.
  6. ^ "Cloudy Days in Conakry". Time. 7 December 1970.
  7. ^ Gomez, Alsény René (2010). La Guinée peut-elle être changée?. Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 2-296-11963-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  8. ^ "Guinea massacre toll put at 157". BBC News. 29 September 2009.
  9. ^ Guineeconakry.info – Conakry (la capitale)
  10. ^ Conakry's dark streets turning orange. James Copnall, BBC News, Guinea . 23 November 2006.
  11. ^ For the relations between the 2007 crisis and infrastructure in Conakry, see:
  12. ^ Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet, Diallo MS, Diallo TS, Diallo FB, Diallo Y, Camara AY, Onivogui G, Keita N, Diawo SA. (1995) Mar;90(3):138-41., Anemia and pregnancy. Epidemiologic, clinical and prognostic study at the university clinic of the Ignace Deen Hospital, Conakry (Guinee), Clinique universitaire de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Ignace Deen, Conakry Guinée.
  13. ^ Young, Isabelle; Gherardin, Tony (15 July 2008). Africa. Lonely Planet. p. 411. ISBN 978-1-74059-143-0. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  14. ^ a b Great Britain. Dept. of Trade and Industry (1979). ?id=3-oWAQAAMAAJ Trade and industry. H. M. Stationery Off. p. 614. Retrieved 15 March 2011. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help) Cite error: The named reference "Industry1979" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  15. ^ a b Africa review. World of Information. 1990. ISBN 978-0-904439-78-6. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  16. ^ Boone, Sylvia Ardyn (May 1974). West African travels: a guide to people and places. Random House. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-394-46154-0. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  17. ^ Diawara, Manthia (2000). In search of Africa. Harvard University Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-674-00408-5. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  18. ^ Newton, Alex (September 1992). West Africa: a travel survival kit. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 360. ISBN 978-0-86442-137-1. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  19. ^ "Description". Hotel del Niger. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  20. ^ a b Ham, Anthony (2010). Senegal. Capo Verde, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia. EDT srl. p. 288. ISBN 978-88-6040-580-7. Retrieved 15 March 2011. Cite error: The named reference "Ham2010" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  21. ^ Pitcher, Gemma (15 June 2007). Africa. Lonely Planet. p. 363. ISBN 978-1-74104-482-9. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  22. ^ Brabazon, James (3 June 2010). My Friend the Mercenary. Canongate Books. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-84767-439-5. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  23. ^ a b c Hudgens, Jim; Trillo, Richard (30 December 2003). The rough guide to West Africa. Rough Guides. p. 566. ISBN 978-1-84353-118-0. Retrieved 15 March 2011. Cite error: The named reference "HudgensTrillo2003" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  24. ^ Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul. Guinee. Petit Futé. p. 70. ISBN 978-2-7469-2853-4. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  25. ^ a b c Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul; Gazel, Alexandra (7 March 2007). République de Guinée, Guinée-Bissau. Petit Futé. p. 74. ISBN 978-2-7469-1603-6. Retrieved 15 March 2011. Cite error: The named reference "AuziasLabourdette2007" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  26. ^ Afrique magazine. Groupe Jeune Afrique. 1 January 2006. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  27. ^ Jeune Afrique L'intelligent. Groupe Jeune Afrique. January 2004. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  28. ^ "Economie". Infoguinee.com. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  29. ^ Kalani; Ryan Camara (8 January 2007). World Rhythms! Arts Program Presents West African Drum & Dance: A Yankadi-Macrou Celebration (Teacher's Guide), Book, DVD & CD. Alfred Music Publishing. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-7390-3869-7. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  30. ^ a b Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations: Africa. Gale Research. 1995. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-8103-9880-1. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  31. ^ Schwarz-Bart, Simone; Schwarz-Bart, André (2003). In Praise of Black Women: Modern African women. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-299-17270-1. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  32. ^ Davidson, Basil (1989). The fortunate isles: a study in African transformation. Africa World Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-86543-122-5. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  33. ^ GUINEA Dying for Change Brutality and Repression by Guinean Security Forces in Response to a Nationwide Strike. Human Rights Watch. p. 17. GGKEY:1UZAQCJ7E3A. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  34. ^ Europa Publications (9 December 2003). Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Psychology Press. p. 520. ISBN 978-1-85743-183-4. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  35. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica; inc (1993). The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 512. ISBN 978-0-85229-571-7. Retrieved 16 March 2011. {{cite book}}: |author2= has generic name (help)
  36. ^ a b Devey, Muriel (2009). La Guinée. KARTHALA Editions. p. 230. ISBN 978-2-8111-0037-7. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  37. ^ O'Toole, Thomas; Baker, Janice E. (2005). Historical dictionary of Guinea. Scarecrow Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8108-4634-0. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  38. ^ K G Saur Books (31 December 2006). International directory of arts. K.G. Saur. ISBN 978-3-598-23113-1. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  39. ^ Böhme, Rolf (December 1991). Inventory of World Topographic Mapping: South America, Central America, and Africa. Published on behalf of the International Cartographic Association by Elsevier Applied Science Publishers. p. 344. ISBN 978-1-85166-661-4. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  40. ^ "Etudes en Guinee" (PDF) (in French). Projet EtudiantGuinée. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  41. ^ Bâ, Ardo Ousmane (1986). Camp Boiro. L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-85802-649-4. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  42. ^ Bartke, Wolfgang (1975). China's economic aid. Holmes & Meier Publishers. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-8419-0179-7. Retrieved 16 March 2011.

References

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Conakry.

Conakry travel guide from Wikivoyage

09°30′33″N 13°42′44″W / 9.50917°N 13.71222°W / 9.50917; -13.71222

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