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Conrad Burns
United States Senator
from Montana
In office
January 3, 1989 – January 3, 2007
Preceded byJohn Melcher
Succeeded byJon Tester
Personal details
Born (1935-01-25) January 25, 1935 (age 89)
Gallatin, Missouri
NationalityAmerican
Political partyRepublican
SpousePhyllis Burns
ResidenceBillings, Montana
Alma materUniversity of Missouri
OccupationConsultant
Military service
Branch/serviceUnited States Marine Corps[1]
Years of service1955-1957

Conrad Ray Burns (born January 25, 1935) is a former United States Senator from Montana. He is only the second Republican to represent Montana in the Senate since the passage in 1913 of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and is the longest-serving Republican senator in Montana history.

While in the Senate, Burns sat on the Senate Appropriations Committee and was the chairman of its Subcommittee on the Interior. He was also chairman of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee's Communications subcommittee.

Early life

Burns was born on a farm near Gallatin, Missouri, to Russell and Mary Frances (Knight) Burns. He graduated from Gallatin High School in 1952 and then enrolled in the College of Agriculture at the University of Missouri. He was also a member of the Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity. Two years later Burns left without graduating, and enlisted in the Marine Corps in 1955. He served in Japan and Korea as a small-arms instructor.

After his military service in 1957, Burns began working for Trans World Airlines and Ozark Air Lines. In 1962, he traveled the state as a field representative for Polled Hereford World magazine in Billings, Montana. He married Phyllis Jean Kuhlmann in 1967; they have two children, Keely and Garrett.

In 1968, he turned down a transfer to Iowa and became a cattle auctioneer for the Billings Livestock Commission. He became the first manager of the Northern International Livestock Expo. He also began reporting on agricultural market news, started a radio show and later working as a farm reporter for KULR-TV.

In 1975, Burns founded the Northern Agricultural Network with four radio stations. The NAN had grown to serve thirty-one radio stations and six television stations by 1986, when he sold it to enter politics. Angry at a local politician, he won a seat on the Yellowstone County Commission, where he served for two years.

U.S. Senate elections

1988

Main article: United States Senate election in Montana, 1988

Though a political novice, Burns had a great deal of name recognition from his previous jobs, and the Republican Party recruited him to run against Democrat and incumbent Senator John Melcher, a popular veterinarian. Burns portrayed Melcher as "a liberal who is soft on drugs, soft on defense and very high on social programs." At the time a strong supporter of term limits, Burns said Melcher had been in Washington, D.C. too long. Melcher was also hurt by public opposition to policies in Yellowstone National Park regarding naturally occurring fires and by President Ronald Reagan's pocket veto of Melcher's bill, which would have made 1.4 million acres (5,700 km²) of Montana forest off-limits to logging and mineral development. Burns defeated Melcher in a close race, 51-48 percent. He was helped by the success in Montana of Vice President George H. W. Bush, the Republican presidential nominee.

1994

Main article: United States Senate election in Montana, 1994

Former Senator Melcher was among the candidates in the Democratic primary, but that race was won by Jack Mudd, former dean of the University of Montana law school in Missoula.

Burns was re-elected in a landslide, 62-38 percent over Mudd, whose campaign observers described as "underfunded and puzzling".[2]

2000

Main article: United States Senate election in Montana, 2000

Burns faced a surprisingly difficult reelection campaign in 2000. In February 1999, he announced that he would break his 1988 promise to only hold office for two terms, claiming "Circumstances have changed, and I have rethought my position."[3] Later that same month, while giving a speech about U.S. dependence on foreign oil to the Montana Equipment Dealers Association, he referred to Arabs as "ragheads". Burns soon apologized, saying he "became too emotionally involved" during the speech.[4]

Burns faced Brian Schweitzer, a rancher from Whitefish, Montana. While Burns attempted to link Schweitzer with presidential candidate Al Gore, whom Schweitzer never met, Schweitzer "effectively portrayed himself as nonpolitical".[5] Schweitzer primarily challenged Burns on the issue of prescription drugs, organizing busloads of senior citizens to take trips to Canada and Mexico for cheaper medicine.[6] Burns charged that Schweitzer favored "Canadian-style government controls"[5] and claimed that senior citizens went to doctors to have "somebody to visit with. There's nothing wrong with them."[6] Burns also faced trouble regarding deaths from asbestos in Libby, Montana. While he initially supported a bill to limit compensation in such cases, he withdrew his support for the bill, under public criticism, and added $11.5 million for the town to an appropriations bill.[5][7]

Burns spent twice as much money as Schweitzer on the election[5] and only defeated him by a slim margin, 51-47 percent, while the state voted 58-33 percent for Republican presidential nominee George W. Bush. Schweitzer went on to become governor in 2004.

In December 2003, Burns and Senator Ron Wyden, an Oregon Democrat, were pleased that their legislation to combat spam, the CAN-SPAM Act, had been signed into law.[8] Burns said "Senator Wyden and I have worked during this time to come up with common-sense legislation to deal with spam and I think we've been successful." However, anti-spam organization Spamhaus indicated in April 2005 that they were far from satisfied that the problem of spam coming from the U.S. had been addressed. Steve Linford, who heads Spamhaus, said "Until America makes changes, everyone will still be plastered with spam."[9]

In mid-2006, Burns told the Associated Press, which was doing an article on Congressional caucuses, that he had joined the Sweetener Caucus at the behest of sugar beet growers in his state. "I don't think I've ever attended," Burns said of caucus meetings. "I do what my growers tell me. I know we grow a lot of sugar beets in Montana."[10]

2006

Main article: Montana United States Senate election, 2006

Because of his narrow win in 2000, the Democratic turnover over of Montana's state government in 2004, polls in 2006 putting his support in the state at around 40 percent, and high disapproval ratings from the Jack Abramoff scandal,[11] Burns had been singled out as one of the most vulnerable senators facing re-election in 2006.

On June 6, 2006, Burns easily won the Republican primary. In the November general election, his Democratic opponent was Montana State Senate President and organic farmer Jon Tester. In early August, CQPolitics changed its rating on the race from "Leans Republican" to "No Clear Favorite."[12] According to some polls, Senator Burns' approval rating had fallen as low as 39 percent, lower than any other U.S. Senator.[13]

Since at least August the Montana Democratic Party had paid staffer Kevin O'Brien to follow Burns around the nation. O'Brien continuously filmed the senator at all his public events, which have included Senate committee hearings and various campaign appearances. The content of these tapes were used for a variety of "gotcha" press releases and even a YouTube music video. During the 2000 race against Brian Schweitzer, cameraman Matt McKenna was paid to trail Burns. McKenna again worked as a spokesman for the Tester campaign.[14]

In an October election debate with Tester, regarding the Iraq War, Burns said that Tester "says our president doesn't have a plan. I think he's got one. He's not going to tell everyone in the world" and later told Tester "We're not going to tell you what our plan is, Jon, because you're just going to go out and blow it."[15] Burns was also hurt politically when he confronted a U.S. Forest Service Hotshot Crew from Virginia at an airport concerning a fire.

On November 9, 2006, Burns conceded the election to Tester. On November 15, 2006, Burns angrily responded to questions concerning his time as a lame duck senator, saying, “I’m not going to negotiate my problems with the goddamn press... Goodbye! Goodbye! Goodbye!" [2]

Congressional record

Overall

Burns was perhaps most noted for his ability to obtain appropriations for his home state.[16]

In April 2006, Burns was selected by Time as one of America's Five Worst Senators. The magazine dubbed him "The Shock Jock" and called him "serially offensive" for his many controversial statements during his career, such as a 1999 remark in which he called Arabs "ragheads." The magazine also criticized his "meager" legislative record and his legal problems involving Jack Abramoff.[17] Senator Burns’s ratings from interest groups indicate a conservative Republican voting record. According to Project Vote Smart, Burns' rating by major think tanks and political action committees are as follows:[18]

First term

Following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1991, Burns invited a group of racially mixed lobbyists to a "slave auction." Following criticism, Burns responded that in such events "you have an auction and you sell the kids and they perform a day's work for whoever buys them" and said they were "rather common in Montana."[19]

Second term

During a visit to the Bozeman Daily Chronicle, Burns told one of the editors an anecdote about an elderly Montana rancher who asked him about life in Washington. The rancher asked "Conrad, how can you live back there with all those niggers?" and Burns replied that it was "a hell of a challenge." After his remarks were criticized, Burns issued an apology saying "Such views are inappropriate and belong in the past and that was the context in which the story was told...they are views which I do not condone and do not share." But when asked why he did not condemn the story at the time he heard it, Burns replied, "I don't know, I never give it much thought."[20]

Third term

One of Burns' more notable political blunders was blaming Canada for lax immigration policies. He asserted that one or more of the organizers of the September 11, 2001 attacks entered the U.S. from Canada, a statement that was later rebutted and proven untrue by the Canadian ambassador.[21]

Post-Senate career

After leaving office, Burns joined the lobbying firm of GAGE, founded by his former chief of staff Leo Giacometto.[22] He also founded a communications company called Rural Solutions Corporation to expand broadband communications in rural areas. He also maintains his auction business where he arranges his speaking engagements.[3] In February, 2008, Burns registered as a lobbyist for the American Quarter Horse Association.[23]

On December 9, 2009, Burns was hospitalized after suffering from a stroke, likely as a result of atrial fibrillation, at his Arlington, Virginia home. He was taken to Virginia Hospital Center before being transferred to the intensive-care unit of a Washington, D.C. hospital. He stayed at National Rehabilitation Hospital and then returned home to Montana.[24]

Controversies

In September 2006, the Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) released its second annual report on the most corrupt members of Congress, titled "Beyond DeLay: The 20 Most Corrupt Members of Congress (and five to watch)." Burns was included as one of the twenty most corrupt members of Congress[25] (he was also listed in the first annual report, the list being in alphabetical order). The organization said, "His ethics issues stem from campaign contributions he accepted in apparent exchange for exercising his authority as chairman of an appropriations subcommittee and on a trip some of his staff members took to the 2001 Super Bowl."[26]

Abramoff and tribal contributions

Main article: Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal

Burns had accepted about $150,000 in contributions from Abramoff, his clients and associates. He later gave that money away after Democrats criticized his connections to the lobbyist. Two of Burns' staffers also later worked for Abramoff. In early 2008, the Justice Department notified Burns he was no longer part of their investigation.[27]

Contributions and connections

Between 2001 and 2004, while the chair of the Interior Subcommittee on Appropriations, Burns received nearly $150,000 in campaign contributions from lobbyist Jack Abramoff, Abramoff's clients, and other donors connected to Abramoff.[28] According to a 2006 report by PoliticalMoneyLine.com, published in Roll Call, between 2001 and 2005, Burns received $192,090 in campaign contributions from tribal entities. In addition, a friend of Abramoff's said in October 2006 that Burns' staff ate so many free meals at Abramoff's restaurant that people joked they would have "starved to death" without the lobbyist.[29] Burns later returned the money. [4]

In December 2005, a leader of a tribe that gave $22,000 in campaign contributions to Burns in 2002 said the tribe had done so solely at the request of Abramoff and believed the senator was part of "Abramoff's group.".[30] In a 2006 Vanity Fair article, Abramoff was quoted as saying, "Every appropriation we wanted from Senator Conrad Burns' committee we got." Burns has denied that he was influenced by Abramoff.

Since 2001, Mark Baker, a former Burns aide who was the chief lobbyist for the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes in 2003 and 2004, and Burns 2006 campaign chairman, has donated $9,000 to Burns and his Friends of the Big Sky Leadership PAC. Baker is also affiliated with the D.C. lobbying firm Denny Miller Associates Inc.,[31] whose individuals have donated at least $27,000 to Burns and his PAC during the same time period.[32]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Conrad Burns.

Tribal school

In January 2003, an attempt by the two senators from Michigan to get money for a school of the Saginaw Chippewa Tribe of Michigan, an Abramoff client and one of the wealthiest tribes in the country (each member gets $70,000 per year from gambling profits), was unsuccessful. The Bureau of Indian Affairs said the tribe's school wasn't eligible, based on the authorizing statute for the program. The tribe, and Abramoff, its lobbyist, then began working with Burns. Abramoff's lobbying team had strong connections with Burns's staff. Among their ranks was Shawn Vasell, an Appropriations aide who shuttled back and forth between jobs on Burns's staff and Abramoff's shop. Ryan Thomas, another Burns appropriations staffer, and Burns's chief of staff, Will M. Brooke, were treated to a trip to the 2001 Super Bowl in Florida on a corporate jet leased by Abramoff's team.[33]

In May 2003, Burns and his counterpart, Charles Taylor, the chairman of the House Interior Subcommittee, sent a letter to the Interior Department, arguing the Saginaw Chippewa's case.[34] But the department and the bureau remained firm in their refusal. In late October 2003, just before the final vote on the Interior appropriations bill, Burns inserted a paragraph at the request of the Michigan Senators — an earmark — in the bill's conference report. It lifted previous restrictions and directed that the Saginaw Chippewa Indians be given $3 million for their tribal school.[35]

The tribe donated $32,000 to Burns from 2001 to 2003.[36]

National Bison Range

In the 1990s, Burns opposed the transfer of management of the National Bison Range (NBR) in Moiese, Montana, to the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT), introduced a draft bill opposing tribal jurisdiction, and supported Senator Slade Gorton's S. 1691, which called Tribal Sovereign Immunity into question.[37][38] At the time, Burns said that tribal sovereign immunity interfered with citizens' Fifth Amendment rights.

In 2001 and 2002, Senator Burns' policies changed, and his DC staff told citizens of western Montana that he would not support any legislation concerning tribal government unless all 500+ tribes agree to it.

In 2003, the CSKT renewed negotiations over the NBR. Fish and Wildlife officials in Denver stated at the time that Burns had the authority to stop the management transfer. On March 14, 2005, the day before a new NBR agreement went into effect with the tribes, CSKT Chairman Fred Matt wrote in a Missoulian guest column, "Sen. Burns has been a positive and aggressive advocate for Indian Country..." and "Burns fully understands and appreciates consultation with Indian country, our sovereignty, and our right to self-determination."

The Burns Amendment

Burns added the Burns amendment to the Appropriations act of 2005, without discussion or agreement of the public or the rest of Congress. The Burns Amendment overruled critical sections of the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971, which protected America's wild mustangs and burros from slaughter. Taking advantage of his position as Chair of the Interior Appropriations Subcommittee Burns slipped the amendment on the 2005 Consolidated Appropriations Bill Conference Committee Report, without the knowledge of Congress and without opportunity to debate or strip it off by vote since committee reports cannot be amended.

Involvement of staffers and aides

Less than two months after a key earmark by Burns in October 2003, Burns's chief of staff, Will Brooke, went to work for Abramoff at the lobbying firm Greenberg Traurig.[35]

In June 2005, former Burns staffer Shawn Vasell was called as a witness at a hearing before the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs.[39] Vasell was registered as a lobbyist for the Choctaw and Coushatta tribes in 2001, joined Burns's staff in 2002, then rejoined Abramoff's team as a lobbyist for the tribes in 2003.[33] He refused to testify, citing his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination.[40]

Mark Baker, a former legislative director for Burns, and currently Burn's 2006 campaign chairman, was paid $60,000 to be the chief lobbyist for the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes in 2003 and 2004. Working through his Helena firm, Anderson and Baker, Baker also made $120,000 lobbying for CSKT business venture S&K Technologies during those same years, and another $40,000 working for the CSKT through the Giacmetto Group. Leo Giacometto was Burns' chief of staff from 1995 to 1999.[41][42]

Returning of "tainted" campaign contributions

Burns returned the entirety of Abramoff's personal donations to charity. When possible, Burns has returned contributions to the tribes where they originated.

His attempt to make a $111,000 donation to the Montana-Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council was rejected; the council said the money was tainted because it originally came from Abramoff and his clients. Julia Doney, president of the Fort Belknap Indian Community Council and a member of the tribal leaders council, said that the tribes are "tired of being used" and didn't want to help Burns with his political troubles.[43]

The Blackfeet Community College also refused to accept money from Burns because it came from Jack Abramoff. James St. Goddard, a Blackfeet council member, told Great Falls Tribune that taking the money "would have made it look like the money is clean. We do not want Mr. Burns to use the tribes any more for his political gain."[44]

Inland Northwest Space Alliance

In May 2006, a University of Montana spinoff that had federal funding of more than $4 million, through efforts by Burns, became part of an investigation by the NASA Office of Inspector General. The Inland Northwest Space Alliance, a non-profit company, paid $270,000 in 2004 to a software company, Compressus, for "project management," via a no-bid contract.[45] In the same year, Compressus paid the firm of Burns' former chief of staff, Leo Giacometto, $220,000 in lobbying fees; INSA also paid Giacometto $20,000 in fees that year. Burns' daughter, Keely Burns, was invited to join the INSA board, but said she had no involvement other than to attend one organizational meeting. She also served on the Compressus board of advisers for a year.[46] In 2005, Giamcometto's was the lobbyist for the University of Montana, for which he was paid $79,750.

In October 2006, the Missoulian reported further problems with IMSA and with the University of Montana's Northern Rockies Center for Space Privatization, which has a history of sharing employees with INSA, some of whom are related.

Earlier in October 2006, the Washington D.C. newspaper Roll Call reported that Montana legislative auditors gave the FBI evidence not included in their June report indicating “there was clear criminal activity" involved in the alliance between INSA, Burns and Giacometto. State officials say Roll Call's report was incorrect. "I have talked with an FBI agent and an investigator with the NASA Office of Inspector General," Missoula County Attorney Fred Van Valkenburg said. "They are doing some interviewing of witnesses and have not completed their work. Until they do, I won't proceed any further."[47]

Comments about firefighters

In July 2006, Burns met up serendipitously with a group of firefighters waiting for their flight home in the Billings airport. According to a state report, he told the firefighters that they had done a "piss-poor job."[48] They had been working to put out a 92,000-acre (372 km2) fire near Billings. Burns had been speaking earlier with some local ranchers who were unhappy about the way the firefighters had done their job. According to a spokesperson, Burns had not yet spoken about this with anyone in authority in the fire service, or heard a point of view from the firefighters.

The Billings Gazette put it this way: "U.S. Senator Conrad Burns pointed across the Billings airport Sunday and accused a member of an elite firefighting team of not doing "a God damned thing" and charged that crew members just "sit around" on the job, the original version of a state report said."[49][50]

He was also surprised when told by an employee of the Department of Natural Resources and Conservation that the firefighters in question made about $8–12/hour.[49]

On August 14, 2006 a reporter from the Daily Press of Newport News, Virginia called Burns' office for comment on the firefighter comment. A young staffer who answered, erroneously believing the reporter to be a friend, proceeded with a host of obscenity-laced comments not intended for public consumption. The aide at one point even allegedly said, "...you can tell Senator George Allen of Virginia to [vulgarity deleted]."[51] The Democratic Party called on Burns to apologize.

Immigration comments

During a debate in 2006 against Democratic opponent Jon Tester, Burns commented that he was on the telephone with his contractor when he saw an interview with an illegal immigrant on television. The immigrant featured in the interview said he was a roofer and was headed north. Burns said that he told the contractor, "you better go out and get your help or you won't get my house roofed."[52]

At a June meeting, Burns said "The other day, the little fella who does our maintenance work around the house, he’s from Guatemala, and I said, 'Could I see your green card?' And Hugo says, 'No.' I said, 'Oh gosh.'" (Burns spokesman Jason Klindt said the worker is legally in the United States, owns a painting company, and that Burns "never had any doubt" that he was legal resident.)[52]

In August, at a campaign event, Burns interrupted his speech to take a cell phone call. After speaking a bit and hanging up, he told the audience "Hugo is a nice little Guatemalan man who is doing some painting for me ... in Virginia." After some laughter by the audience, Burns said "No, he’s terrific, love him."[52]

Taxicab terrorists

On August 25, 2006 at a campaign event in Miles City, Burns said of the military: "We thank God for those young people that do it every day and every night to fight this enemy that's a taxicab driver in the daytime but a killer at night."

Burns went on to repeat his "taxicab driver" analogy several times over the next few days. On August 27, 2006 in Butte, Burns said: "This campaign is about the next generation; it is if we have a safe world and a secure world where our kids can go to bed at night and not worry about a guy that drives a taxicab in the daytime and kills at night."

Again, at a campaign event on August 30, 2006, Burns, while discussing the War on Terrorism, spoke of a "faceless enemy" of terrorists who "drive taxicabs in the daytime and kill at night."

A spokesman for Burns' campaign said "The point is there are terrorists that live amongst us. Not only here, but in Britain and the entire world. Whether they are taxi drivers or investment bankers, the fact remains that this is a new type of enemy."[53]

Untoward editing of Wikipedia

In February 2006 it was reported that an unidentified member of Burns' staff had sought to alter his biographical encyclopedia article on Wikipedia, in order to remove mention of pejorative comments he had made and insert in its place "glowing" praise as "the voice of the farmer". The edits were detected by Wikinews editors and later reported in the press.[54]

References

  1. ^ "Burns, Conrad". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 19, 2008.
  2. ^ Michael Barone, The Almanac of American Politics 1996, National Journal Group.
  3. ^ George Will, "...Terms Unlimited", The Washington Post, June 24, 1999
  4. ^ Al Kamen, "Burns's A List: African Americans, Arabs", Washington Post, March 12, 1999.
  5. ^ a b c d Michael Barone, The Almanac of American Politics 2004, National Journal Group.
  6. ^ a b William Booth, "Mont. Rancher Mounts Brawny Challenge; Crusty GOP Incumbent Finds Race Tightening Against an Equally Rough-Hewn Opponent", Washington Post, October 31, 2000
  7. ^ Al Kamen, "Town Getting $ 11 Million in Salve From Burns", Washington Post, May 12, 2000.
  8. ^ www.senate.gov - This page cannot be found
  9. ^ Wakefield, Jane (April 21, 2005). "UK laws are failing to deter spam". BBC News. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
  10. ^ Larry Margasak and Sharon Theimer, "Caucus groups privately schmooze lawmakers", AP, July 17, 2006.
  11. ^ SurveyUSA - 50 State Senate 05/06 Sort By State
  12. ^ Kondracke, Morton (2013-06-27). "Politics Home Page : Roll Call". Cqpolitics.com. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  13. ^ http://www.surveyusa.com/50State2006/100USSenatorApproval060817Approval.htm
  14. ^ Charles Johnson, "Conrad Burns being followed by camcorder shadow", Missoulian State Bureau, August 29, 2006.
  15. ^ Charles S. Johnson, "Iraq plan ignites Burns-Tester debate", Billings Gazette, October 18, 2006.
  16. ^ "Conrad Burns: Shock Jock". Time. April 14, 2006.
  17. ^ Massimo Calabresi and Perry Bacon, Jr., "Conrad Burns: The Shock Jock", Time Magazine, April 24, 2006, page 27.
  18. ^ Project Vote Smart - - Interest Group Ratings
  19. ^ Ruth Marcus, "A Senator's Stunning Reference to 'Slaves': Burns's Remark Followed Rights Bill Passage", Washington Post, November 13, 1991.
  20. ^ Tom Kenworthy, "Sen. Burns Repeats Racial Slur, Causing Furor in Montana", Washington Post, October 22, 1994.
  21. ^ Embassy Washington :: The Ambassador :: Canada's chief representatives to the U.S. :: Frank McKenna
  22. ^ :: The Montana Standard ::
  23. ^ Mary Clare Jalonick (2008-04-08). "Conrad Burns registers as lobbyist". Associated Press via Helena Independent Record. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
  24. ^ "Former MT Sen. Burns hospitalized after stroke". Associated Press. Associated Press. 2009-12-11. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
  25. ^ "CREW releases 2nd Annual Most Corrupt Members of Congress Report", Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, September 20, 2006
  26. ^ CREW summary of ethics issues of Burns, September 2006
  27. ^ Mary Clare Jalonick, "Burns No Longer Part of Abramoff Probe", Associated Press, January 3, 2008.[dead link‍]
  28. ^ "Time to pass the baton, Sen. Burns", Missoulian, December 16, 2005
  29. ^ Jennifer McKee, "Abramoff friend describes Burns staff's ties to lobbyist", Billings Gazatte, October 31, 2006
  30. ^ Noelle Straub, "Tribe says Abramoff told it to fund Burns", Missoulian, December 25, 2005
  31. ^ Profile of Mark Baker, Denny Miller Associates, accessed November 1, 2006
  32. ^ Opensecrets.org-Money in politics data
  33. ^ a b Susan Schmidt, "Tribal Grant Is Being Questioned: Senator Who Had Dealings With Lobbyist Abramoff Pushed for Award", Washington Post, March 1, 2005
  34. ^ "Burns helped Abramoff tribes get fed money", Associated Press, November 24, 2005
  35. ^ a b John Ydstie, "Sen. Burns Scrutinized for Earmark Tied to Abramoff", National Public Radio, March 27, 2006
  36. ^ "Scanlon, Abramoff `Backroom Guy,' Points Probers at DeLay, Ney", Bloomberg News, November 21, 2005
  37. ^ Powers, Ashley (March 29, 2005). "Private enterprise". The Los Angeles Times.
  38. ^ Indianz.Com > News > Senator seeks delay to tribe's bison range contract
  39. ^ Oversight Hearing Before the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs on the In Re Tribal Lobbying Matters, Et Al., June 22, 2005
  40. ^ Susan Schmidt and James V. Grimaldi, "Panel Says Abramoff Laundered Tribal Funds: McCain Cites Possible Fraud by Lobbyist", Washington Post, June 23, 2005
  41. ^ Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes — lobbying expenditures, Center for Public Integrity
  42. ^ Jennifer McKee, "Senate staff a lobbyist's breeding ground", Missoulian, October 10, 2005
  43. ^ http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/13660751.htm
  44. ^ Great Falls Tribune - www.greatfallstribune.com - Great Falls, MT
  45. ^ BillingsGazette.com :: Lawmakers look at probe into UM's space center
  46. ^ Missoulian: Firm with Burns ties landed no-bid contract
  47. ^ Missoulian: Review unearths more problems at UM space program
  48. ^ My Way
  49. ^ a b BillingsGazette.com :: Report: Burns called firefighters lazy
  50. ^ BillingsGazette.com :: Burns criticizes firefighters, says they didn't heed ranchers
  51. ^ The Raw Story | Burns aide accidentally gives reporter profanity-laced earful
  52. ^ a b c Mary Clare Jalonick, "Burns 'Guatemalan man’ comment draws fire", Associated Press, August 22, 2006; available on video at wonkette.com [1]
  53. ^ "Sen. Burns: Terrorists drive taxis by day, kill at night", Associated Press, September 1, 2006
  54. ^ Burns' office may have tampered with Wikipedia entry February 9, 2006
Criticism
Articles
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. senator (Class 1) from Montana
1989–2007
Served alongside: Max Baucus 		Succeeded by

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