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Typhoon Haiyan

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This article is about the 2013 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see Typhoon Haiyan.
Haiyan (Yolanda)
Current storm status
Category 5 super typhoon (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:09:00 UTC November 8
Location:11.5°N 121.6°E
About 214 nmi (396 km; 246 mi) SSE of Manila, Philippines
Sustained winds:105 (10-min mean)
145 (1-min mean)
gusting to 150
Pressure:920
Movement:W at 21 kn (39 km/h; 24 mph)
See more detailed information.

Typhoon Haiyan (known in the Philippines as Typhoon Yolanda) is currently a powerful tropical cyclone crossing the central Philippines. Haiyan, which means petrel in Chinese (海燕), is one of the most intense tropical cyclones on record.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Early on November 2, a tropical disturbance formed west of Kosrae, a state of the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the low-pressure area to a tropical depression early on November 3.[1][2] Owing to a consolidating low-level circulation center with building deep convection, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded the system to a tropical depression before noon, shortly after issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert.[3][4] Late on the same day, the JMA started to issue tropical cyclone advisories to the tropical depression, before the agency even upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it Haiyan at 00:00 UTC on November 4;[5][6] Meanwhile, the JTWC also upgraded it to a tropical storm, when the expansive system was steadily consolidating in an area of weak to moderate vertical wind shear and tracking westward along the southern periphery of the subtropical ridge.[7] Right after the JMA upgraded Haiyan to a severe tropical storm early on November 5, the JTWC upgraded the rapidly consolidating system to a typhoon, for a central dense overcast and a microwave eye feature with tightly curved banding.[8][9] Eighteen hours later, the JMA upgraded Haiyan to a typhoon, when it has formed a pinhole eye and started to explosively intensify.[10][11]

For continuing rapidly deepening because of near-radial outflow enhanced by the TUTT positioned to the northeast, the JTWC upgraded Haiyan to a super typhoon early on November 6.[12] Later, the eye of the typhoon passed over the island of Kayangel in Palau.[13]

Preparations

Micronesia and Palau

Upon JTWC’s declaration of Tropical Depression 31W on November 3, a tropical storm warning was issued for Chuuk Lagoon, Losap, and Poluwat in the Federated States of Micronesia. Further west, Faraulep, Satawal, and Woleai, were placed under a typhoon watch while Fananu and Ulul were placed under a tropical storm watch.[14] The following day, the tropical storm warning expanded to include Satawal while a typhoon warning was issued for Woleai.[15] Much of Yap State while the islands of Koror and Kayangel in Palau were placed under a typhoon watch later on November 4.[16] The government issued a mandatory evacuation for Kayangel, and although most residents ignored the warning, they all survived the storm.[13] As Haiyan progressed westward, the easternmost advisories were gradually discontinued.[17] As Haiyan intensified into a typhoon on November 5, warnings were raised across Palau and Yap State.[18][19] Government offices in Melekeok were used an evacuation building for Palau.[20] Despite mandatory evacuation orders, most residents on Kayangel remained on the island and rode out the typhoon.[21]

Philippines

Typhoon Haiyan approaching the Philippines on November 7 at record intensity

Officials placed police officers in the Bicol region ahead of the storm.[22] In the provinces of Samar and Leyte, classes were canceled, and residents in flood and landslide-prone areas were forced to evacuate.[23] Some of the storm-threatened areas were affected by an earlier earthquake in Bohol.[24] The Philippine President requested the military to deploy planes and helicopters to the region expected to be affected.[25] As Haiyan is moving very fast, PAGASA raised signal warnings to different places on the country. About 60 provinces including its capital Metro Manila hoisted the said warnings. [26]

Impact

Palau and Micronesia

On Kayangel in Palau, a high storm surge damaged several houses,[20] while strong winds downed trees.[13] Despite residents' refusal to evacuate, no fatalities or major injuries took place on the island. Helicopters were flown to the island to survey damage and provide relief supplies. The government planned to evacuate those who were left homeless from the island.[21] Koror, Babeldaob and Kayangel each lost access to water and power. Damage in Koror was minor due to the center of the typhoon passing to the north,[13] although there was flooding that covered a causeway. On the northern end of Babeldaob, Haiyan damaged schools and buildings.[20]

Philippines

Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) casualties in the Philippines
NDRRMC death tally[27]
Region Deaths
Eastern Visayas
Central Visayas 1
Western Visayas
Bicol Region
MIMAROPA
SOCCSKSARGEN 2
Total 3
Damages[27]
Amount
Agriculture
Infrastructure
Total damages[n 1]

Haiyan made its initial landfall at the island of Guiuan, Eastern Samar at 4:45 am (local time) 2045 (UTC) packing wind speed of 196 mph (315 kilometers) making the super typhoon as the strongest storm ever to make landfall in the world. PAGASA also recorded that Haiyan made landfall on the Visayas region five times. [28] About three deaths were already confirmed by the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) and seven others were hurt. Storm surge were also recorded in many places. In the island of Leyte and Samar, PAGASA measured a 5-6 meter (15-19 ft) waves. [29]

Records

The JMA analyzed that the ten-minute maximum sustained winds of Typhoon Haiyan at 230 km/h (145 mph), making it the second most intense tropical cyclone in the Northwest Pacific Ocean on record along with Bess in 1982 and Megi in 2010, only after Tip in 1979.[30] The JTWC analyzed that Haiyan was the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide since reliable records began, with one-minute maximum sustained winds estimated at 315 km/h (195 mph).[31] Haiyan’s atmospheric pressure estimated by the JMA was 895 hPa (26.43 inHg), the lowest since Megi in 2010.[32]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 020600Z-030600ZNov2013". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  2. ^ "WWJP25 RJTD 030000". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  3. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 31W (Thirtyone) Warning NR 01". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  4. ^ "REF IS Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (WTPN22 PGTW 030530)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  5. ^ "WTPQ21 RJTD 031800 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  6. ^ "WTPQ21 RJTD 040000 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  7. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 31W (Haiyan) Warning NR 04". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  8. ^ "WTPQ21 RJTD 050000 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  9. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning NR 08". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  10. ^ "WTPQ21 RJTD 051800 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  11. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning NR 11". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  12. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning NR 12". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  13. ^ a b c d "Palau assesses damage after Super Typhoon Haiyan". Australia Network News. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
  14. ^ Derek L. Williams (November 3, 2013). "Tropical Depression 31W Advisory Number 1". National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  15. ^ Michael P. Ziobro (November 4, 2013). "Tropical Storm Haiyan (31W) Advisory Number 4". National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  16. ^ Patrick K. Chan (November 4, 2013). "Tropical Storm Haiyan (31W) Advisory Number 5". National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  17. ^ Carl Alan Mcelroy (November 5, 2013). "Tropical Storm Haiyan (31W) Advisory Number 6". National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  18. ^ Kenneth R. Kleeschulte and Charles P. Guard (November 5, 2013). "Typhoon Haiyan (31W) Advisory Number 8". National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  19. ^ Patrick K. Chan (November 5, 2013). "Typhoon Haiyan (31W) Advisory Number 9". National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  20. ^ a b c Palau: Typhoon Haiyan - initial damage reports as at 7 November 2013 (PDF) (Report). ReliefWeb. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2013. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  21. ^ a b "Palau assesses damage after Super Typhoon Haiyan". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
  22. ^ Ellalyn B. De Vera and Aaron B. Recuenco (November 6, 2013). "Super Typhoon 'Yolanda' may hit Visayas Friday". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
  23. ^ FR Jimenez (November 7, 2013). "PNoy, nagbabala sa seryosong peligrong dala ng 'super typhoon' na si 'Yolanda'". GMA News. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
  24. ^ Joey Gabieta, Jani Arnaiz, Nestor Burgos, Doris Bongcac, Carla Gomez, Carmel Loise Matus and Jhunnex Napallacan (November 7, 2013). "Evacuation centers, rescue plans set in Visayas for supertyphoon Yolanda". Inquirer. Retrieved November 7, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Kristine Angeli Sabillo (November 7, 2013). "Aquino: PH ready to face supertyphoon 'Yolanda'". Inquirer. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
  26. ^ ANC (November 7, 2013). "'Yolanda' accelerates, signal number 4 up over parts of E. Visayas". ANC and Yahoo. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
  27. ^ a b [http:// http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=1 "Typhoon YOLANDA (HAIYAN)"]. Retrieved 2013-11-08. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  28. ^ Brian K. Sullivan, Cecilia Yap & Joel Guinto (November 8, 2013). "Super Typhoon Haiyan Slams Philippines With Category-5 Power". Bloomberg. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  29. ^ Our Foreign Staff (November 8, 2013). "Super Typhoon Haiyan smashes in to Philippines". Telegraph. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  30. ^ "Typhoon List: Number, Name, Basin, Min Pressure (hPa), Max Wind (kt), Storm Wind Max Radius (nm), Storm Wind Max Diameter (nm), Gale Wind Max Radius (nm), & Gale Wind Max Diameter (nm)". Digital Typhoon. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
  31. ^ "Philippines hit by 'worst typhoon on record'". The Guardian. London, UK: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 2013-11-07. {{cite news}}: External link in |website= (help)
  32. ^ "Typhoon List: Number, Name, Basin, Birth (UTC), Death (UTC), Duration, & Min Pressure (hPa)". Digital Typhoon. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
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