Nyíregyháza
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Nyíregyháza | |
---|---|
Country | Hungary |
County | Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg |
Area | |
• Total | 274.46 km2 (105.97 sq mi) |
Elevation | 116 m (381 ft) |
Population (2011) | |
• Total | 117,852 |
• Rank | 7th |
• Density | 425.92/km2 (1,103.1/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Postal code | 4400 |
Area code | 42 |
Website | www |
Nyíregyháza (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈɲiːrɛɟhaːzɒ] ) is a city in northeastern Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. With a population of 118,000, it is the seventh-largest city in Hungary and is one of the leading cities of Northern Hungary and of the northern part of the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld). Its development has been ongoing since the 18th century, making it the economic and cultural center of the region. Its zoo, exhibiting more than 300 species including real rarities, is recognized throughout Europe.
Geography
Nyíregyháza is located in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County in the northern Plain region (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Hajdú-Bihar county, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County). It is the most important city of Northern Hungary, in all respects the center of the region. It is located in the center of Nyírség as an agricultural town. The boundaries of the city are often understood as a very broad frame, because generally the near suburbs are included in them. It is located at the intersections of routes 4, 41, 36 and 38, therefore the city is easy to reach by road. Sub-Carpathia and Transylvania cannot be reached without passing the city.
History
The first written mentions of Nyíregyháza date back to 1209, although it was then called simply Nyír ('birch'), after the Nyírség, the greater region in which the city lies. A source from 1326 mentions that by then the city already had a church, hence the second part of the name, egyház (meaning 'church'). In the middle of the 15th century the town had about 400 inhabitants. In the 16th century, during the Turkish occupation of Hungary, Nyíregyháza became deserted; it was resettled only in the 1630s – 1640s.
After the War for Independence led by Prince Francis II Rákóczi, the population of the town increased. Most of the new settlers were Slovaks from the area of Békéscsaba. In 1786 Nyíregyháza was granted the right to hold four market days a year; by this time the town was the biggest town of the county with 7,500 inhabitants. In the early 19th century Nyíregyháza was wealthy enough to become free from its feudal lords, the Dessewffy and Károlyi families. During these prosperous years the town got a new town hall, a hospital, several schools and a restaurant by the nearby lake Sóstó ("Salty Lake").
The inhabitants of the town took an active part in the revolution and war for independence in 1848-49, and after the suppression of the revolution several citizens were imprisoned, among them the mayor, Márton Hatzel.
In the second half of the 19th century Nyíregyháza became more and more urbanized and in 1876 the town became the county seat of Szabolcs county (which is now part of the larger integrated county Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg). In 1858 the railroad line reached Nyíregyháza; several new buildings were built, including a telegraph office, the main post office and the theater. In 1911 the construction of tramways was finished.
After the many trials and tribulations of World War I, Nyíregyháza was under Romanian occupation for ten months. Between the two world wars the city celebrated the 100th anniversary of becoming free from its feudal landowners.
During World War II more than 6,000 of the city's Jewish inhabitants were deported, and another 2,000 citizens were sent to Russian labor camps (colloquially called malenky robot). Several buildings were destroyed, too, including the Status Quo Synagogue, whose front wall has been preserved; it is now in Nyíregyháza's Jewish Cemetery.[1]
A monument in the memory of the holocaust victims was constructed in 2004.[2] On 20 November 2011 the monument commemorating the Holocaust in the city was desecrated by unknown people. The local police started an investigation of the event.[3]
From the 1960s the city grew and developed quickly. Today, Nyíregyháza is one of the most prosperous cities of Hungary, being both an educational center and a popular tourist destination.
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1870 | 13,015 | — |
1890 | 18,996 | +46.0% |
1900 | 28,073 | +47.8% |
1910 | 33,444 | +19.1% |
1920 | 38,751 | +15.9% |
1930 | 46,522 | +20.1% |
1941 | 53,917 | +15.9% |
1949 | 48,382 | −10.3% |
1960 | 56,834 | +17.5% |
1970 | 75,245 | +32.4% |
1980 | 108,235 | +43.8% |
1990 | 114,152 | +5.5% |
2001 | 118,795 | +4.1% |
2011 | 119,746 | +0.8% |
2013 | 118,185 | −1.3% |
Tourist sights
Nyíregyháza also has several museums and exhibitions, showing the city's rich cultural heritage.
- Collection of the International Medallion Art and Small Sculpture Creative Community of Nyíregyháza-Sóstó – periodic exhibitions of works of contemporary artists
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Nyíregyháza is twinned with :
Broadcasting
Near Nyíregyháza, at 47°56′12.17″N 21°45′28.35″E / 47.9367139°N 21.7578750°E, stands the oldest radio mast in Hungary. Built in 1925, it is a 115 metre tall guyed mast radiator, used for broadcasting on 1251 kHz (AM).
Notes
- ^ Grand Rabbi Joseph Leifer of Nyíregyháza is buried in the cemetery. He was the son of the world-renowned Rabbi, Rabbi Mordachai of Nadvorna, and he settled in Nyíregyháza after World War I where he attracted a large following. His grave site is visited annually by thousands of Hasidim.
- ^ http://www.memorialmuseums.org/eng/staettens/view/956/Ny%C3%ADregyh%C3%A1za-Holocaust-Memorial27247
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Serwis informacyjny UM Rzeszów - Informacja o współpracy Rzeszowa z miastami partnerskimi". www.rzeszow.pl. Retrieved 2010-02-02. [dead link]
- ^ "TABEL privind LOCALITÃŢILE ÎNFRĂŢITE cu localităţile din judeţul Satu Mare" (in Romanian). www.prefecturasatumare.ro. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
- ^ "Офіційний сайт міста Івано-Франківська". mvk.if.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 7 March 2010.
- ^ "National Commission for Decentralised cooperation". Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) (in French). Retrieved 2013-12-26.
Notable residents
- Ibolya Oláh - singer
Further reading
External links
- Media related to Nyíregyháza at Wikimedia Commons
- Nyíregyháza travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Restaurant, bar, pub, daily menu & gastro guide from Nyíregyháza Template:Hu icon
- Official site Template:En icon
- Sóstó Thermal Bath Template:Hu icon
- Sóstó Zoo Template:En icon
- Nyíregyházi Hírportál - hírek - news Template:Hu icon
- A portal site Template:Hu icon
- Index-Kelet - local news Template:Hu icon
- Happy Art Festival site in English
- Bronze Age settlement and a former Sarmatian burial ground discovered in Nyíregyháza
- Nyíregyháza at funiq.hu Template:En icon