Lists of invasive species
This is a list of invasive species by country or region. A species is regarded as invasive if it has been introduced by human action to a location, area, or region where it did not previously occur naturally (i.e., is not native), becomes capable of establishing a breeding population in the new location without further intervention by humans, and becomes a pest in the new location, threatening the local biodiversity.
The term invasive species refers to a subset of those species defined as introduced species, for which see List of introduced species.
Africa
Species that are invasive in southern Africa
Plants
- Australian wattles (Acacia species)
- Bramble (Rubus species)
- Bugweed (Solanum mauritianum)
- Castor oil plant (Ricinus communis)
- Eucalyptus or gum trees (Eucalyptus species)
- Hakea (Hakea species)
- Kariba weed (Salvinia molesta)
- Lantana (Lantana camara)
- Mauritius Thorn (Caesalpinia decapetala)
- Mesquite (Prosopis species)
- Mexican Poppy (Argemone mexicana)
- Parrot's Feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum)
- Pereskia (Pereskia aculeata)
- Pine (Pinus species)
- Prickly pear (Opuntia species)
- Queen of the Night Cactus (Cereus jamacaru)
- Syringa (Melia azedarach)
- Triffid weed (Chromolaena odorata)
- Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Species that are invasive in Australia
- See main article Invasive species in Australia
Plants
- African mustard (Brassica tournefortii)
- Alligator apple (Annona glabra)
- Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)
- Asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus)
- Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera)
- Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus)
- Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens)
- Giant cane (Arundo donax)
- Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
- Lantana (Lantana camara)
- Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia)
- Prickly pear (Opuntia spp.)
- Patterson's Curse (Echium plantagineum)
- Shoebutton Ardisia (Ardisia elliptica)
- Sweet Acacia (Acacia farnesiana)
- Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
- Wild Tobacco (Solanum mauritianum)
Birds and mammals
- Rabbit (Oryctolagus cunicularis)
- House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
- Feral cat (Felis silvestris catus)
- Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis)
- Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer)
- Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
- Goat (Capra hircus)
- African Wild Ass (Equus asinus)
- House mouse (Mus musculus)
- Polynesian Rat (Rattus exulans)
- Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
- Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
- Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Amphibians
- Cane Toad (Bufo marinus)
Insects
- Argentine ant (Linepithema humile)
- Cactus Moth (Cactoblastis cactorum)
- Coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros)
- Crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes)
- Africanized bee (Apis mellifera scutellata)
- Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata)
- Sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)
- Elm leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta luteola)
Aquatic invertebrates
- Japanese starfish (Asterias amurensis)
Fungi and pathogens
- Frog chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)
Species that are invasive in Europe
Plants
- Amorpha fruticosa - desert false indigo
- Crassula helmsii - Australian swamp stonecrop
- Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
- Canadian pondweed (Elodea canadensis)
- Caulerpa racemosa - grape caulerpa
- Caulerpa taxifolia; usually referring to the Mediterranean caulerpa clone (1)
- Heracleum mantegazzianum - Giant Hogweed in the UK
- Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
- Hottentot Fig (Carpobrotus edulis)
- Hydrocotyle ranunculoides - Floating Pennywort in the UK
- Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera)
- Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica)
- Parrots feather - Myriophyllum aquaticum.
- Rhododendron ponticum
- Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus); in Scandinavia ([1])
- Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
Invertebrates
- Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
- New Zealand flatworm (Arthurdendyus triangulatus)
Aquatic invertebrates
- Red king crab; spreading south from northwest Russia
- American jack-knife clam (Ensis directus)
- American lobster, (Homarus americanus) in Scandinavian waters
- Eriocheir sinensis - Chinese Mitten Crab in the UK
- Pacifastacus leniusculus - American Signal Crayfish in the UK
- Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha); problem in Swedish lake Mälaren
Birds and mammals
- Canada Goose (Branta canadensis)
- House Mouse (Mus musculus)
- American Mink (Mustela vison)
- Coypu (Myocastor coypus)
- Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
- Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis)
- Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- Black Rat (Rattus rattus)
- Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
Pathogens
- Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi)
Species that are invasive in New Zealand
See main article: Invasive species in New Zealand
Plants
- Boneseed
- Broom
- Gorse
- Heather
- Kahili Ginger
- Old man's beard
- Pampas Grass
- Ragwort
- Rhododendron ponticum
- Wandering Jew
Mammals
Fish
Species that are invasive in North America
Plants
- Air-potato (Dioscorea bulbifera)
- Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia)
- Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
- Blackberry (Rubus armeniacus)
- Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
- Brazilian waterweed (Egeria densa)
- Caulerpa (Caulerpa taxifolia); usually referring to the Mediterranean clone
- Camphor tree (Cinnamomum Camphora)
- Chinaberry (Melia azedarach)
- Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense)
- Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum)
- cogon grass (Imperata cylindrical)
- Common broom (Cytisus scoparius)
- Common reed (Phragmites australis; also native, but European subspecies invasive 1)
- Cotton thistle (Onopordum acanthium)
- Coral ardisia (Ardisia crenata)
- Curly-leaf pondweed
- Diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa)
- Dog-strangling vine
- Downy brome, Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum)
- English ivy (Hedera helix)
- Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)
- Flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus)
- Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
- Giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum)
- Giant reed (Arundo donax)
- Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta)
- Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)
- Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
- Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum)
- Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum)
- Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata)
- Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)
- Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia)
- Mile-a-minute weed (Polygonum perfoliatum)
- Mimosa (Mimosa pudica)
- Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)
- Musk thistle (Carduus nutans)
- Natal grass (Rhynchelytrum repens)
- Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum)
- Orange Hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum)
- Pampas Grass (Cortaderia selloana)
- Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
- Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens)
- Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia)
- Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.)
- Silk-tree (Albizia julibrissin)
- Skunk vine (Paederia foetida)
- Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora; invasive mainly on the West Coast)
- Spotted knapweed (Centaurea beibersteinii)
- Torpedo grass (Panicum repens)
- Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
- tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum)
- Water caltrop (Trapa natans)
- Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
- Wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa)
- Wild taro(Colocasia esculenta)
- Yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis)
Insects
- Africanized honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata)
- Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis)
- Asian long-horned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis)
- Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus)
- Cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum)
- Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)
- European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)
- Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus)
- Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae)
- Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica)
- Red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta)
- Varroa mite (Varroa destructor)
Fish
- Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)
- Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus)
- Bighead carp
- Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus)
- Flathead catfish (Pylodictus olivaris)
- Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes
- Northern Snakehead (Channa argus)
- Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus)
- Silver carp
Reptiles and amphibians
Aquatic invertebrates
- European green crab (Carcinus maenas)
- Veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa)
- Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)
- Chinese mitten crab (also known as the Shanghai hairy crab)
- New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum)
Birds and mammals
- Coypu or Nutria (Myocastor coypus)
- European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
- House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
- Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)
- Mute Swan
- Rock Pigeon (Columba livia)
Pathogens
- Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica)
- Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi)
- Exotic Newcastle disease (Paramyxovirus)
- Fowlpox (Avipoxvirus)
- Plum pox (Potyviruses: Potyviridae)
- Soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae)
- Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum)
- West Nile virus (Flavivirus)
- Whirling Disease (Myxobolus cerebralis)
Others
- earthworms, several species (lumbricid)
Species that are invasive in Hawaii
Insects
- Quadratichus erythrinae, a parasitic wasp on the wiliwili
- Pristomerus hawaiiensis, Calliephialtes grapholithae (Ichneumonidae) and Euderus metallicus (Eulophidae), Diadegma blackburni, another ichneumonid - previously introduced as biocontrol agents