Stolypin wagon
Stolypin car (Russian: Столыпинский вагон) is a type of railroad carriage in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union, and modern Russia.
During the Stolypin reform in Russia, which led to massive resettlement of peasants in Siberia, a special type of carriage was introduced for these settlers. It consisted of two parts: a standard passenger compartment for a peasant and his family and a large zone for their livestock and agricultural tools.[1]
After the Bolshevik Revolution, Cheka and NKVD found these carriages convenient for transport of larger numbers of incarcerated convicts and exiles: the passenger part was used for prison guards, whereas the cattle part was used for prisoners.[1]
Nowadays Stolypin cars are still widely used in Russia for transporting prisoners between prisons located in different Russian towns and cities. These carriages are a modification of standard passenger ones. They allow transportation of up to 75 prisoners in 3 small and 5 large cells, 8 guards and 2 conductors.
Modern prison wagon in RF
Modern wagon for the transportation of convicts is a modification of a standard passenger car.The appearance of all of the special cars is a typical characteristic of all-metal passenger cars. The body is of welded construction, protected by thermal insulation, based on two carts and connected them with locking pins, equipped with transitional areas and buffers.
Internal design
The car is a special model CMV 61-4500 buildings 2004 provides accommodation for 75 persons inmates in 3 small and 5 large chambers. There are 10 utility seats: 8 – for security , 2 for the conductors. Compartment guard equipped with two lower sofas with lockers, two Elevator shelves of the second layer, two third layer shelves, a table and two folding ladders. Room for commander of the guard fitted bottom bed with locker, lifting shelf of the second tier, a table, a cupboard, within which is a safe for weapons and special equipment, wall Cabinet for personal files of statskontoret, a folding seat, a locker for drugs, wall sconces, clocks, numerator, and special call signaling.
Modern car model CMV 61-4500 differs from the previous modifications more comfort: improved ventilation, air conditioning, gas stove, refrigerator, microwave oven, shower for the personnel of the guard. Prisoners have the opportunity to use hot water for the tea , another drinks and food. The use of the diesel generator and the auxiliary heater ensured the reliability of the heating, improve the sanitary condition of the car, to solve the problem with providing prisoners with boiled water. All the windows of cars equipped with safety grilles and windows except toilets and kitchen, equipped with mechanical shutters and sun curtains. Vents open and fixed in extreme positions. The window of the kitchen, WC and internal window frames a large corridor and a corridor nakatamaho ends have opaque glass. The covering of ceilings made of non-combustible materials. The frames of sofas, beds, shelves and lockers are made of metal. The walls of the chambers have an internal metal reinforcement. The chambers are have sofa the first tier shelves with flaps and shelves of the third tier. Shelf chambers made from flame retardant wood materials. The doors of all the chambers of the sliding lattice. Each cell door has two locks: the top – secondly with a hook, the lower is automatic. All doors have Windows and vents. Every window is closed with solid metal wing with a special lock. For isolation of certain categories of convicts barred door camera No. 9 (for early models of camera No. 8) is covered by a blank leaf-shutter that can be locked with two trumbscrews. In the wing cut through the peephole. In the vestibule there is a door to enter the corridor of the car, to go to the next car and two side exit doors. The side and end revolving doors have triple locks, doors for the entrance to the corridor of the car double locks the doors to the compartment of the head and composition of the guard – single constipation.
Alarm means to alert the car consist of:
- eight call buttons mounted on the side under the rubber diaphragms (two buttons at the front revolving doors)
- two door-bell buttons located on the side of a large hallway opposite the third and seventh chambers.
- numerator with 10 rooms, set on the bulkhead in the compartment of the chief of the guard.
On the roof of the special wagon set horizontal radiation antenna for receiving transmissions on long and medium waves. The radio equipment consists of three radio receiving stations located in the compartment of the chief of the guard of honor in the compartment and the compartment conductors. To improve the reliability of the protection and sustainment of the technical condition of the car is equipped with alarm system and intercom for use on railway transport "forget-me-not" in network "time – the chief of the guard" and locks the cell door and outer door of the car. The car is also equipped with an alarm:
- fire protection
- operation and emergency modes of power supply system
- control the level and temperature of water and air
- ventilation
To control the duty guard installed CCTV: 3 cameras and a monitor in the compartment of the chief of the guard. The possibility of using VCR and a mobile radio station. A broadcasting network.The car is equipped with auxiliary direct current power supply voltage 110/220V, battery capacity of 250 Ah, which provides a means of lighting and signaling for long-term Parking (12-16 h).
Manufacturers of special cars
Production wagonsatop was carried out by the plant.of Egorov (now <<Wagonmash>> in SPB, and later their production continued JSC "Tver Wagon Plant" in the Tver.
The numbering of the special wagon on the Russian ,Ukrainian and Kazakhstanian Railways.
Wagon for the transport of convicts always starts with number 76 (the number 76 means that the car hangs on in the last turn in the "tail" of the composition and is isolated from the other carriages of the train). On top of the room depicts a three digit code starting with zero is the code for the registration of the car to a specific railroad. For example, the numbering of the car — 028 76857 — indicates that this wagon for the transport of convicts with serial number 857, assigned to the Northern railway.
Gallery
-
A special wagons at the station Vologda 1
-
View of the special wagon on the back side at the same station.There where no windows are chambers.
-
Interior of the special wagon
