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Qu'aiti

Coordinates: 14°35′N 49°05′E / 14.583°N 49.083°E / 14.583; 49.083
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This article is about an autonomous former state in southern Arabia. For the modern nation with a similar name, see Kuwait.
Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut
القعيطي al-Qu‘ayṭī
State of the Protectorate of South Arabia
1858–1967
Flag of Qu'aiti
Flag

Map of the Qu'aiti State
CapitalMukalla
Area 
• 
190,000 km2 (73,000 sq mi)
 • TypeSultanate
Historical era19th and 20th centuries
• Established
1858
• Disestablished
17 September 1967
 Succeeded by
South Yemen

Qu'aiti (Template:Lang-ar al-Qu‘ayṭī), officially the Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut (Template:Lang-ar) or the Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Mukalla (Template:Lang-ar al-Salṭanah al-Qu‘ayṭīyah fī ash-Shiḥr wal-Mukallā), was a sultanate in the Hadhramaut region of the southern Arabian Peninsula, in what is now Yemen. Covering approximately 70,000 square miles, roughly the size of England and Wales, Qu'aiti was the third largest kingdom in Arabia after the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Sultanate of Oman. Its capital was Mukalla and it was divided into six provinces including Mukalla, Ash Shihr, Shibam, Du'an, the Western Province and Hajr.

The Sultanate spanned the Indian Ocean coast up to the border of Mahra, encompassed Shabwa the legendary capital of the Queen of Sheba, the central valleys and oasis settlements of Hadhramaut and controlled the southern Empty Quarter.

History

Asaf Jah VII of Hyderabad with the Al-Quaiti Royal Family

Sons of Umar bin Awadh al Qu'aiti, who became a jemadar in the forces of the Nizam of Hyderabad State (now in India), first took the town of Shibam from the rival Kathiris in 1858 to consolidate their rule over all of Hadhramaut. They later conquered Ash Shihr in 1866 and Mukalla in 1881, largely replacing the Kathiris to control most of the Hadhramaut coast on the Gulf of Aden. They entered into treaty relations with the British in 1888 and created a unified sultanate in 1902 that would become a part of the Aden Protectorate.

As Great Britain planned for the eventual independence of South Arabia in the 1960s, Qu’aiti declined to join the British-sponsored Federation of South Arabia but remained under British protection as part of the Protectorate of South Arabia. Despite promises of a UN referendum to assist in determining the future of the Qu'aiti State in South Arabia on 17 September 1967, Communist forces overran the kingdom and, in November of that year, the Qu’aiti State was integrated forcibly without a referendum into Communist South Yemen. South Yemen united with North Yemen in 1990, again without a referendum, to become the Republic of Yemen.

Current Qu'aiti royal family

His Royal Highness Sultan Ghalib II bin Awadh bin Saleh Al-Qu'aiti
born 7 January 1948 in London.[1] Ruled from 10 October 1966 – 17 September 1967; married Sultana Rashid (sister of author Ahmed Rashid) born in London and who holds a BA from the University of Oxford and has issue:
Crown Prince Saleh Al-Qu'aiti
born in London, graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and Millfield School; married Princess Salwa Al-Huraiby of Yafa'a and has issue:
  • Prince Ghalib bin Saleh
  • Princess Aliya bint Saleh
Princess Fatima Al-Qu'aiti
born in London, holds a BA and a MA from the University of Oxford and graduated from Westonbirt School; married Prince Shad Al-Sherif Pasha of the Hijaz and Turkey, who holds a BA from the University of Oxford, a MA from the University of Chicago, a MBA from London Business School and graduated from Westminster School.
Princess Muzna Al-Qu'aiti
born in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, holds a MA from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London and a BA from the American University in Cairo; married Hisham Hafez of Medina who holds a BA from the University of Richmond. Hisham is the son of media mogul Mohammed Ali Hafez, founder of Asharq Al-Awsat, Arab News and Sayidaty, the Middle East's leading weekly women's magazine.

Sultan Ghalib holds an MA from the University of Oxford in Oriental Studies (Islamic History) and another in Arabian Studies from the University of Cambridge, both with honours. The Sultan graduated from Millfield School. He has been a Saudi resident since 1968, currently residing in Jeddah. He has working knowledge of seven languages including Arabic, English, French, German, Persian, Turkish and Urdu/Hindi, which supports his research of various historical periods and geographic regions. Sultan Ghalib is the author of The Holy Cities, The Pilgrimage and The World of Islam.[2]

Qu'aiti sultans

Umar bin-Awad al-Quaiti (r1922-36).jpeg
  1. HH Sultan Abdullah bin Omar Al-Qu'aiti ruled 1882-1888
  2. HH Sultan Awadh I bin Omar Al-Qu'aiti – Ruled 1902–1909
  3. HRH Sultan Ghalib I bin Awadh Al-Qu'aiti – Ruled 1909–1922
  4. HRH Sultan Omar bin Awadh Al-Qu'aiti – Ruled 1922–1936
  5. HRH Sultan Sir Saleh bin Ghalib Al-Qu'aiti KCMG - Ruled 1936-1956
  6. HRH Sultan Awadh II bin Saleh Al-Qu'aiti – Ruled 1956–1966, married (a) Salma, married (b) Fatima, married (c) Princess Sahibzadi Nazirunissa Begum, granddaughter of the 6th Nizam Mahbub Ali Pasha, daughter of Nazir Nawaz Jung, son of Amir-e-Paigah (Viqar-ul-Umrah) Sultan-ul-Mulk and Princess Shahzadi Saheba Dawoodunisssa Begum, of and also married Amina, and had issue:
  7. HRH Sultan Ghalib II bin Awadh Al-Qu'aiti (see above "Current Qu'aiti royal family")
  • Princess Saleha bint Awadh Al-Qu'aiti
  • Prince Omar bin Awadh Al-Qu'aiti married and has issue: princesses Noor bint Omar, Maha bint Omar, Sara bint Omar, Ghada bint Omar, Leila bint Omar and princes Hussain bin Omar and Mohammed bin Omar
Queen Elizabeth II visiting the Protectorate 1954

See also

Annexes

Qu'aiti State postage stamps

Aden postage stamps depicting Sultan Saleh:

References

  1. ^ "The Qu'aiti Sultanate of Hadhramaut". Archived from the original on August 7, 2009. Retrieved September 27, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ History of the Holy Cities, The Pilgrimage and The World of Islam "The Holy Cities, The Pilgrimage and The World of Islam". Retrieved September 27, 2009. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)

14°35′N 49°05′E / 14.583°N 49.083°E / 14.583; 49.083

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