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Catalan Republic (2017)

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This redirect is about the Catalan state proclaimed in 2017. For other uses, see Catalan Republic.
Catalan Republic
República Catalana
Anthem: Els Segadors (The Reapers)
Location of the Catalan Republic within Europe.
Location of the Catalan Republic within Europe.
StatusDisputed
Capital
and largest city
Barcelona
Official languagesCatalan
Spanish
Occitan
Ethnic groups
Catalans, Occitans, Spaniards
Demonym(s)Catalan
GovernmentRepublic under provisional government
• President
Carles Puigdemont (2017)
• Vice President
Oriol Junqueras (2017)
LegislatureParliament of Catalonia
History
1 October 2017
27 October 2017
27 October 2017
Population
• 2016 census
7.523 million
CurrencyEuro (de facto) (EUR)
Time zoneUTC+2 (CEST)
Driving sideright
Calling code+34 93 (Barcelona area)
+34 97 (rest of Catalonia)
Internet TLD.cat (de facto)


The Catalan Republic (Catalan: República Catalana) is a disputed state in the Iberian peninsula.[1] Independence was declared amid a constitutional crisis caused by the 2017 Catalan independence referendum. As the Catalan parliament declared independence from Spain, the Spanish Senate triggered Article 155 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978,[2] which would allow the Spanish government to impose direct rule over Catalonia.[3] In response to the independence declaraction and after Article 155 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 was authorised by the Spanish Senate, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy which de jure removed the entire Catalan government from office and called a snap regional election for 21 December 2017.[4]

As of 27 October 2017, the Catalan Republic is unrecognized by the international community, which regard the region as part of the Kingdom of Spain.[5]

History

Main article: 2017 Spanish constitutional crisis

On 26–27 October 2017, a debate over a possible declaration of independence was held in the Parliament of Catalonia,[6] simultaneous to the Spanish Senate debating the enforcement of direct rule in Catalonia.[3] At the end of the debate, the Catalan parliament voted a unilateral declaration of independence which was backed 70–10, two MPs casting a blank ballot and all MPs from Citizens, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia and the People's Party boycotting the vote.[7] In response, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, after authorisation from the Spanish Senate, removed the entire Catalan government from office and called a snap regional election for 21 December 2017.[8]

Foreign relations

International recognition

File:International recognition of Catalonia.png
International recognition
  Catalonia and Spain
  States that formally recognise the Catalan Republic
  States that recognise Spanish territorial integrity

At the time of its proclamation, the Catalan Republic had no recognition from any sovereign nation.[5] Currently, Bulgaria,[9] Cyprus,[10] the Czech Republic,[11] Estonia,[12] France,[13] Germany,[14] Republic of Ireland,[15] Italy,[16] Lithuania,[17] Serbia,[18] Ukraine, [19] the United Kingdom[20] and the United States[21] have openly refused to recognise Catalonia as a legitimate entity and supported Spain's territorial integrity.[22][23]

The Flemish Minister-President, Geert Bourgeois, expressed support for the Catalan Republic, but acknowledged the decision is up to the Belgian federal government.[24] The President of Corsican Assembly, Jean-Guy Talamoni expressed its support for the Catalan independence, but the recognition is purely symbolic.[25] The Scottish Government expressed its support for the self-determination of the Catalan people, stating that they "understand and respect the position of the Catalan Government".[26] Prior to the independence declaration, Derry City and Strabane District Council in Northern Ireland had passed a motion calling on British and Irish governments to recognise the Catalan Republic.[27]

EU membership

Catalonia is part of the European Union (EU), eurozone, and Schengen Area as a region of Spain. Prior to the declaration, there was debate as to whether an independent Catalonia would retain membership in the EU and associated international arrangements, or would, upon independence, find itself outside of these arrangements. The secession of part of a member nation is not specifically addressed in the EU's treaties, though legal opinions have been offered both in the case of Catalonia and during the debate around the 2014 Scottish independence referendum.[28][29] The "Prodi doctrine" followed by the European Commission states that a seceding state would exit the EU and would have to apply for membership as an external nation.[30]

President of the European Council Donald Tusk stated that the independence declaration "changed nothing" and that the European Union would only deal with the Spanish government.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Catalan parliament votes to declare independence from Spain". Guardian. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  2. ^ "Catalans declare independence from Spain". BBC News. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Catalan crisis: Spain PM Rajoy demands direct rule". BBC. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  4. ^ Ponce de León, Rodrigo (27 October 2017). "Rajoy cesa a Puigdemont y su Govern y convoca elecciones para el 21 de diciembre". eldiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  5. ^ a b Sandford, Alasdair (27 October 2017). "Catalonia: what direct rule from Madrid could mean". euronews. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  6. ^ "Catalan crisis: Regional MPs debate Spain takeover bid". BBC. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  7. ^ "Catalan parliament declares independence from Spain". BBC. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  8. ^ Ponce de León, Rodrigo (27 October 2017). "Rajoy cesa a Puigdemont y su Govern y convoca elecciones para el 21 de diciembre". eldiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  9. ^ "(DF) Bulgaria Supports Territorial Integrity of Spain". European News. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  10. ^ "Chipre no reconoce la independencia de Cataluña y expresa preocupación". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  11. ^ Česká republika nadále považuje Katalánsko za nedílnou součást Španělského království
  12. ^ Ratas, Jüri (27 October 2017). "Estonia supports the territorial integrity and unity of Spain. Internal affairs must be solved according to their constitution and laws". @ratasjuri. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  13. ^ France-Presse, Agence (27 October 2017). "Paris "ne reconnaît pas" la déclaration d'indépendance de la Catalogne (officiel) #AFP". @afpfr (in French). Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  14. ^ "Germany refuses to recognize Catalonia independence move". Reuters. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  15. ^ "Irish government will not recognise Catalonia's bid for independence". Irish Mirror. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  16. ^ "Italian No to Catalan independence". Ansa. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  17. ^ Lithuania, B. N. S. (27 October 2017). "#Lithuania supports Spain's territorial integrity, calls for dialogue, foreign minister @LinkeviciusL tells public radio #Catalonia". @BNSLithuania. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  18. ^ "Dačić: Isti je put Kosova i Katalonije". Blic (in Serbian). 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  19. ^ Klimkin, Pavlo (27 October 2017). "Ukraine supports the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Spain within its internationally recognized borders". @PavloKlimkin. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  20. ^ "UK won't recognise Catalan independence". BBC News. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  21. ^ "U.S. backs Spanish efforts to block break-away by Catalonia". Reuters. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  22. ^ Smith-Spark, Laura (27 October 2017). "Catalonia declares independence from Spain as political crisis deepens". CNN. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  23. ^ "Catalonia live updates: UK and Germany refuse to recognise region's declaration of independence". The Independent. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  24. ^ NWS, VRT (27 October 2017). "Liveblog: Catalonië onafhankelijk: uren van blijdschap, verwarring en spanning".
  25. ^ Le président de l'Assemblée de Corse reconnaît l'indépendance de la Catalogne
  26. ^ "Statement on Catalonia". ScotGov. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  27. ^ "Councillors among the first to back Catalans". Derry Journal. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  28. ^ Martin, Garret (29 September 2017). "The Catalan Independence Referendum Leaves the E.U. With Few Options". Pacific Standard. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  29. ^ "Newton Emerson: Catalan crisis a double-edged sword for Sinn Féin". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  30. ^ "Could an independent Catalonia stay in the EU?". SBS. 8 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  31. ^ "Catalan independence declaration changes nothing for EU, says Tusk". Reuters. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
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