|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kingdom of the Dardani
- 393 BC: Bardylis unites the Dardani tribes into a single kingdom, including present-day Albania.
|
Epirus
- 370 BC: Part of present-day Albania becomes part of Epirus.
|
Kingdom of the Ardiaei
- 260 BC: Part of present-day Albania becomes part of the Kingdom of the Ardiaei.
|
- 229 BC: Rome invades the Illyrian coast.
- 220–219 BC: The Ardiaei attack Rome and a Roman army is sent to Illyria. The kingdom becomes a vassal of the Romans.
|
|
|
Roman Republic
- 168 BC: King Gentius of the Ardiaei is defeated. The region including Epirus in 167 BC is annexed to the Roman Republic. Dardani still resist the Roman rule.
|
Roman Empire
- 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor. The Dardani are finally defeated.
- 6–9: Various Illyrian tribes revolt against the Roman Empire, but are defeated by Rome.
|
- 395: After the death of Theodosius I of the Theodosian dynasty, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire, also rendered as Byzantine Empire[1], a Greek dominated empire, and the (Western) Roman Empire. The region becomes part of the Eastern part of the Empire.
- 582: The Roman emperor Mauricius starts a campaign to defend the Balkan against the Avars.
|
Principality of Arbanon
- 1190: Progron becomes the first prince of Arbanon, an autonomous principality of the Roman Empire.
|
|
- 1205: Arbanon becomes an autonomous principality of Epirus.
|
Despotate of Epirus
- 1205: Part of the present-day Albania becomes part of the Despotate of Epirus.
|
|
|
Empire of Thessalonica
- 1224: Epirus conquers Thessalonica and merges into Thessalonica.
|
|
|
Despotate of Epirus
- 1230: Thessalonica is defeated by Bulgaria and Epirus is restored as despotate.
|
|
|
- 1248-1257: Epirus is under suzerainity of the Empire of the Romans.
|
- 1255: The principality is dissolved and Arbanon becomes part of Epirus.
- 1250s/1260s: Epirus and the Empire of Nicaea fight to get control over former Arbanon. Part of the region is controlled by forces of king Charles I of Sicily.
|
Kingdom of Albania
- 1272: King Carlo of Sicily, count of Provence and Anjou becomes also the first king of Albania as Karli. This kingdom is at war with the Roman Empire and loses most of the region.
- 1282: Carlo loses Sicily, but remains king of Naples, therefore Albania is ruled in a personal union with Naples.
- 1294: The personal union with Naples ends when king Carlo II passes his rights on Albania to his son Filippo II of Taranto.
|
|
Duchy of Durazzo
- 1332: King Roberto sells his rights to the kingdom to his nephew, Giovanni, count of Cephalonia and Zakynthos and prince of Achaea, who succeeds him as the duke of Durazzo. Cephalonia and Zakynthos and Achaea fall to Roberto.
|
Lordship of Berat
|
|
|
|
Empire of the Serbs and Greeks
- 1346: Emperor Stefan Dušan of Serbia conquers most of the region.
|
Principality of Valona
|
Roman Empire
- 1340: Epirus is occupied by the Roman Empire.
|
- 1348: Epirus is conquered by Serbia.
|
←
|
|
|
Princedom of Albania
|
Despotate of Epirus
|
- 1368: The last duchess of Durazzo, Giovanna is defeated by Karl Topia, prince of Albania.
|
|
|
Principality of Dukagjini
- 1370s: A principality of Dukagjini is said to have been formed.
|
|
Republic of Venice
- 1392: Venice defeats prince Gjergj Topia and conquers Durazzo, bringing the princedom to an end.
- 1420: Venice merges its possessions around Cattaro and Durazzo into Venetian Albania.
|
Lordship of Krujë
- 1392: Gjergjs sister, Helena Topia, rules part of the region as lady of Krujë.
|
Principality of Kastrioti
|
Principality of Gjirokastër
|
|
Subleme Ottoman Empire
- 1415/1417: Krujë, Kastrioti, Valona, Gjirokastër and Berat are conquered by the Ottomans.
|
←
|
|
|
|
Principality of Kastrioti
|
|
Lordship of Berat
|
|
|
|
League of Lezhë
|
|
←
|
|
|
|
- 1450s: Part of the princes leave the league.
- 1462: The Ottoman Empire commences war against Venice, the League of Lezhë and Zeta.
- 1468: Skënderbeu dies.
|
Principality of Dukagjini
- 1450: Dukagjini leaves the league and allies itself with the Ottomans.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 1479: The league is defeated and all principalities are conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Leonardo III Tocco of Epirus is defeated and Epirus is annexed to the Ottoman Empire.
|
- 1501: Durazzo is conquered by the Subleme Ottoman Empire.
- 1700s: Some Albanians who converted to islam found careers in the government and military services of the Ottoman Empire. A mass conversion of Albanians begins leading to some two-thirds of them become Muslims.
- 1830: Five hundred Albanian leaders, accepting an invitation to meet with an Ottoman general in Monastir, are trapped and killed in an ambush.
- 1833–1839: In a reaction to a new centralizing policy of the Ottoman administration, various revolts take place. The revolts lead the Ottoman government to postpone the application of reforms in Albania
- 1835: Albanian-populated lands are divided into vilayets of Janina and Rumelia.
- 1843–1844: Dervish Cara leads an uprising in Northern Albania. This revolt is crushed by the Ottoman forces.
- 1847: Zenel Gjoleka and Çelo Picari lead a revolt in Southern Albania against the Ottomans. After initial victories, the revolt is defeated.
- 1848: Albanians rise up against the Tanzimat reforms.
- 1878: In the Russo-Turkish War the Ottoman Empire is defeated by the Russian Empire, weakening Ottoman power over Albanian-populated areas. Albanian leaders meeting in Prizren form the League of Prizren to advocate a unified Albania under Ottoman suzerainty.
- 1881: Ottoman forces arrest and deport the leaders of the League of Prizren and their families.
- 1910: Isa Boletini, supported by Serbia leads a revolt. The rebels are severely suppressed.
- 1911: Another failed revolt takes place by the Northern Albanian Malësian tribes.
- 1912: The Ottoman Empire declares after an ultimatium by the Balkan League of Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia, the First Balkan War to the League. Ottoman-Albanian parliamentarians, led by Hasan Prishtina, revolt against Ottoman Empire rule in Albania. The revolt ends after the Ottoman government agreed to fulfill the rebels' demands.
|
Albania
- 1912: Albania secedes from the Ottoman Empire and establishes a provisional government. Parts of Albania are conquered by Serbia, by Montenegro and by Greece.
- 1913: A contra-government as the Republic of Central Albania. The Balkan League defeats the Ottoman forces. As a result of the war the Ottoman Empire loses most of its European part. In the Treaty of London this territory is ceded to the Balkan League, with the exception of Albania that becomes independent. Later that year the Second Balkan War takes place. With the Treaty of Bucharest the war ends en an independent Albanian state ruled by a constitutional monarchy is recognized.
|
- 1912: Northern Epirus is conquered by Greece.
|
'Principality of Albania
- 1914: Both entities are abolished by the foreign powers. Wilhelm zu Wied becomes prince of Albania. Albania develops into a fragile democracy. Northern Epirus secedes from Albania and is annexed to Greece the same year. A peasant's insurgency leads to the withdrawal of prince Wilhelm. He is forced to leave Albania the same year. Albania is occupied by Austria-Hungary, Italy, Greece and Serbia.
|
Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
- 1914: Northern Epirus separates from Albania. After a short period of independence it gets autonomy under nominal (unimplemented) Albanian sovereignty.
|
- 1914: Northern Epirus is the same year occupied by Greece.
|
Kingdom of Greece
- 1916: Northern Epirus is annexed to Greece.
|
|
|
Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë
- 1916: France occupies the region of Korçë and creates a French protectorate.
|
|
- 1917: A provisional republican government comes to power. This government is not recognized and parts of Albania remain occupied by Italy, Greece, Serbia and France.
- 1919: Yugoslavia attacks Albania, forcing Albanians to adopt guerrilla warfare. At the Paris Peace Conference, which did not admit Albanian representation, Albania is divided between Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia.
- 1920: Albanian leaders reject the partition of Albania and create a parliament, the National Council. They force Italy to withdraw its troops and abandon territorial claims to almost all Albanian territory.
|
|
|
- 1920: The independence of Albania is internationally recognized. Albania joins the League of Nations. Albania gets a provisional bicameral parliament elected by a congress. Head of state is the High Council of Regency. Korçë is united with Albania.
- 1921: A council of regents comes to power. Parliament is elected for the first time. The senate is partially appointed. The Republic of Mirdita secedes as an unrecognized republic from Albania.
|
|
- 1921: Mirdita is reincorporated into Albania, as is Northern Epirus. Yugoslavia invades Albania, but is forced by a League of Nations commission to withdraw.
- 1924: After an peasant-backed insurgency a revolutionary government comes to power. At the end of the year Ahmed Zogu defeats with Serbian backing the revolution and Albania becomes a dictatorship. Noli goes into exile.
|
Albanian Republic
- 1925: Albania becomes a republic. The president is elected by the bi-cameral parliament, consisting out of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Parliament itself is elected in a one-party system.
|
Albanian Kingdom
- 1928: Zogu becomes as Zog I king of Albania under Italian protectorate. The senate is abolished. Parliament is indirectly elected on a limited suffrage.
- 1935/1937: Various anti-Zogist uprisings take place.
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 1941: Italy defeats Greece in Northern Epirus and it is restored to Albania. Kosovo and part of Macedonia are annexed to Albania.
|
- 1943: Albania becomes a German puppet state. Albania is ruled by a provisional government.
|
Albania
- 1944: The independence is restored. A provisional government and parliament dominated by communists is formed and Albania becomes a communist dictatorship. Kosovo is restored to Yugoslavia.
- 1945: A constituent assembly is elected in elections intimidated by the communists. Various anti-communist uprisings take place.
|
| People's Republic of Albania
|
Socialist People's Republic of Albania
- 1976: Albania is renamed Socialist People's Republic of Albania.
- 1990: After protests the ban on opposition parties is lifted.
|
Republic of Albania
- 1991: Albania becomes a democracy and is renamed. The new constitution stipulates a Assembly, elected in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage, a president elected by the parliament and a government responsible to the parliament. A government of national unity is formed to arrange the transfer to democracy.
- 1995: Albania joins the Council of Europe.
|
