Geydar Dzhemal

Geydar Dzhemal
File:Geidar Dzhemal.jpeg
Born	(1947-06-10)10 June 1947 Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR
Died	5 December 2016(2016-12-05) (aged 69) Almaty, Kazakhstan
Education	Moscow State University (expelled)
Years active	2011–2016
Children	Orhan Dzhemal Kausar Dzhemal
Website	http://kontrudar.com/

Geydar Dzhahidovich Dzhemal (Russian: Гейда́р Джахи́дович Джема́ль, Azerbaijani: Heydər Cahid oğlu Camal, sometimes transliterated as Heydar Jamal; 6 November 1947 – 5 December 2016) was a Russian Islamic public figure, activist, philosopher, poet, political and social activist. He was the founder and chairman of the Islamic Committee of Russia

He was also the Co-chairman and member of the Presidium of the Russian Social Movement "Russian Islamic Heritage" Permanent member of the Popular Arab and Islamic Congress; one of the founders and a member of the Coordinating Council of the Left Front (Russia). member of the The Other Russia (coalition). He took part in the Dissenters' March.

Early life and education

Dzhemal was born 6 November 1947 in Moscow. His father was the famous Azerbaijani artist Dzakhid Dzemal, who is believed to be a descendant of Hulagu Khan. His mother was Irina Shapovalova, a well-known equestrian and horse trainer descended from the noble Shepelev family. His parents divorced when he was very young and he was raised by his maternal grandparents. Dzhemal's maternal grandfather, Igor Shapovalov, was a professor of German philosophy, as well as the director of the Maly Theatre and First Deputy Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union.

In 1965, after graduation from school, Dzhemal entered the Institute of Oriental Languages at Moscow State University, but a year later was expelled for "bourgeois nationalism". He later took a job as an editor at the "Medicine" Publishing House, where he met a Moscow State University graduate, Ilya Moskvin. He worked at the "Medicine" as an editor and edited many books on psychiatry.

Activist history

In the 1960s and 1970s, Dzhemal joined a number of loosely-affiliated bohemian underground organisations (tusovka) associated with Yuri Mameleev. Some members of these groups had access to secret collections of the All-Russia State Library for Foreign Literature and brought works by a number of mystics and philosophers (including well-known esoterists Julius Evola and Alain de Benoist) to these discussions. Through Mameleev, these works became popular among an intellectual strain of Russian neo-Nazism.

Under KGB pressure, the organisation disbanded; to escape compulsory military service, Dzhemal claimed to be schizophrenic and was sent to a psychiatric institution. In 1974, after Mameleev emigrated to the United States, Dzhemal and political analyst Aleksandr Dugin (who Dzhemal later called "a brilliant thinker" and his "former disciple") met with philosopher Evgeniy V. Golovin, who established the "Black Order of the SS". In the late 1980s, both were members of the nationalist Pamyat society, but were excluded for alleged occultism.

Foray into Islam

From 1980, he was a member of the Islamic movement of Tajikistan, and in 1990, joined members of the underground organizations of the Caucasus and Volga regions of Russia in the formation of an umbrella Islamic Revival Party that was active throughout the Soviet Union and whose leadership came from various Islamic traditions. The party alleged that only Soviet Muslims (Turks, Caucasians and Islamised Slavs) would allow the Soviet Union to meaningfully oppose the West. During the Civil War in Tajikistan, Dzhemal worked as an advisor to Davlat Usmon, one of the founders of the Islamic Revival Party of Tajikistan.

In the Islamic Renaissance Party in Astrakhan, he became a deputy chairman of the party. In the same year, he established an information center Tawḥīd and launched the Islamic Russian-language newspaper Al-Waḥdat (Unity). During the disintegration of the USSR, the Tajik branch of the IRP would be his next step where he assumed the position of Russian delegate at the Russian Center, a representative body within the party's central committee.

During the Tajik Civil War of 1992, he was appointed as a political advisor to Vice Premier of the Islamic Democratic Coalition Government led by Davlat Usmon. He was a participant in the Popular Arab and Islamic Conference in Khartoum and consecutively became a member of its permanent council. During his time in Khartoum, he became acquainted with Dr. Hassan Al-Turabi, who requested he run the Islamic Committee of Russia. Around this time he also began to produce TV series and films about Islam and philosophy, such as Now, All Koran Suras, and One Thousand and One Days.

Since 1995, the Islamic Council became affiliated with the Union of Muslims of Russia led by Nadirshakh Khachilaev. From 1996 he became advisor to Alexander Lebed and cooperated with him and the Union of Patriotic and National Organisations of Russia to support a block on General Lebedev's presidential campaign.

While being a member of the Central Council СПНОР Djemal was an intermediary between Lebedev and Maskhadov during the First Chechen War. He established connections with Muslim organizations in Europe with headquarters located in Florence, Italy. The first meeting was held in December 1993. He maintained contact with the British Muslim Council, the Islamic Parliament of the United Kingdom, and the Sorbonne Friends of Islam Club, created by Roger Garaudy and Rashid Benissa, the UNESCO Senior Inspector for Refugees.

In 1993, Djemal got acquainted with the son of the deceased Ayatollah Khomeini, Ahmad. In the early 1990s, Dzhemal put on a few TV shows on Islamic issues (Nyne (Today), Minaret, etc.). In May 1994, Djemal's documentary, Islamic Republic of Iran, was broadcast by the Russian channels Pervij and The First creating a political scandal which resonated with anti-Iran sentiments in Russia.

In 1998, he toured South Africa, giving lectures. At the invitation of Nelson Mandela's associate Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, Djemal went to South Africa to deliver a course of lectures on social anthropology and political philosophy at the University of Cape Town. For this course, he received an honorary doctorate at the University of Cape Town.

In 1999, at the Orthodox-Islamic conference in St. Petersburg he put forward the thesis of the possibility of an anti-imperialist strategic alliance between Muslims and Orthodox Christianity's spirituality.

For 25 years, Djemal gave lectures, wrote and published articles on a wide range of topics and public commentaries on political and social events, and cooperated in various intellectual gatherings in Russia and abroad.

In 2010 Dzhemal commented on the Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. He was also among the 34 first signatories of an online anti-Vladimir Putin manifesto, "Putin Must Go", published on 10 March 2010.

In 2011, Dzhemal founded the intellectual club Florian Geyer.

Geydar Djemal died on 5 December 2016 in Almaty.

In accordance with his will, he was buried in Baganashyl cemetery in the foothills of the Tien Shan.

On 30 July 2018, his son, journalist Orkhan Dzhemal, was killed along with film director Alexander Rastorguev and cameraman Kirill Radchenko while filming a documentary about the activities of illegal Russian military formations in the Central African Republic by Russian mercenaries.

Religious Views

There is a debate about Jemal's religion. Thus, the religious scholar and Islamic scholar Roman Silantyev and the journalist Yulia Latynina pointed out that Jamal professed Shia Islam and was a Jafarite. At the same time, the head of the World Congress of Tatar Youth Ruslan Aysin on December 6, 2016 in connection with the funeral of Jamal stated the following: "He was buried following Sunni Tradition - he was a Sunni, and in general was an opponent of division. He believed that the platform of Muslims is a platform of unification, and he strongly insisted on it. His philosophy and methodology were based on the idea that Muslims should unite.

The Internet portal "Voice of Islam" reports that Geydar Jamal has long professed a Shiite current, but in recent years has changed his mind about him.

It must be said that in the last years of his life Heydar, by the grace of Allah, made a sharp and difficult turn for him in moral and intellectual respect - to his umma,what it is and what it was throughout its history. Being for many years not just a Shia, but the most striking and convincing Russian-speaking Shia, he realized in the midst of Jihad in Shamthat Shia and Shi'ism had become a force against Islam and umma, made a decisive choice in favor of the latter. This choice was especially valuable, given what was being done at a time when Heydar already knew that he was seriously ill and perhaps realized that his earthly path was running out.

At the same time, Jemal himself announced the following on his official website in 2008.

Recently, many people have asked me about my belonging to one direction or another within Islam. Some people say, "We agree with you in many ways, but here you are Shia. Oh, if you weren't Shia!.."

To once and for all remove any questions that arise in the brothers, I officially declare the following:

• 1. I follow myself and support all who follow, the Quran and the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ.

• 2. I stand for the complete and inseparable theological and political unity of all Muslims on the platform of jihad in the path of Allah until all religion on earth belongs to Him Alone.

• 3. I do not follow any of the living Shiite Mujtahids.

• 4. I categorically reject pantheism and the Sufi Aqeedah based on it and the teachings of Muhammad ibn al-Arabi,which is the basis of the Irfan of the Kum theological school.

• 5. I do NOT curse any of the Rashidun (May Allah be pleased with them!).

• 6. I believe that in all directions of Islam, created by sincere Muslims making efforts in the way of Allah, except for misconceptions, there is also a grain of truth, which will be demanded in the 73rd direction/sect, designed to carry out the complete victory of Muslims over Dajjal under the leadership of the expected Mahdi (and on the arrival of Mahdi is agreed upon by all sects of the Muslims!)

Political analysis and philosophy

Dzhemal's political analyses have been characterized in various ways. Some have seen it as an Islamic style of Marxism, whereas others have linked his views to fundamentalist Islam. The names of his informational outlets (Tawḥīd and Al-Waḥdat, meaning "monotheism" and "unity") are key aspects of Salafism. He has attempted to bridge differences between Shiism and Sunnism; in 1999, Dzhemal emphasized the "inner spirit" of Shia Islam and the "outer" geopolitical dimension preserved in Sunnism, and claimed these differences were "already being washed away".

The modern world, in which imperialism has been replaced by what Dzhemal calls mundialization, has at its core conflict between transnational corporations and the government of the United States. He believed these transnational corporations are run by a "superelite", which has its roots in European (and primarily British) aristocratic families. He believed that the events on September 11th were a grandiose provocation of the superelite against the United States and the Islamic world. He has called Osama bin Laden and the Taliban "creatures", and the CIA, Zionism, and the KGB "tools" to lead the superelite to domination the world.

In the philosophy of religion, Dzhemal drew on the tradition of German Romanticism to distinguish the religion of prophets (which he saw as the religion of passionate expression) and the religion of priests. He believed that the prophets in the tradition of Abraham began from a position of creativity and novelty, while priests are always fierce advocates of tradition. Dzhemal believed true religion is the religion of faith and death. He did not accept all of the sects of Islam: he rejected Sufism, the Hashemite Islam of the Arab establishment and "the rule of the Turkic elements" that he believed had led to stagnation. Dzhemal claimed that there are three major "clubs" in the world: the Liberal club, the Traditional club, and the Radical club. He claimed that liberalism is retreating and would be replaced by rising traditionalism. The radical club would be in opposition to both the liberal and traditional clubs. In his point of view, 50% minus 1 share of the world was owned by the Liberal club, 25% plus 1 share was owned by Traditional club, and the remaining 25% was owned by organized crime, the global Jewish community, and international bureaucracies. His major followers are Russian journalist Maxim Shevchenko, Russian philosopher Ruslan Aisin, and his son Orhan Dzhemal. The anthropology of Dzhemal is based on a dichotomy of a divine spark and "clay" in the person.

List of works

Year	Title	Publisher	ISBN	Language
1981	Orientation - North	Ultra.Kultura	ISBN 5-98042-018-5	(in Russian)
2003	The Revolution of the Prophets	Ultra.Kultura	ISBN 5-98042-018-5	(in Russian)
2004	Exemption of Islam	UMMA	ISBN 5-98587-006-5	(in Russian)
2004	A Window Into the Night. Poems	Ekaterinburg: Ultra.Kultura	ISBN 5-9681-0020-6	(in Russian)
2005	Islamic Intellectual Initiative in the 20th Century (under the general editorship of Mr. Dzhemal)	UMMAH	ISBN 5-98587-017-0	(in Russian)
2010	Dawud vs Jalut (David vs. Goliath)	Social and Political Thought	ISBN 978-5-91579-046-8	(in Russian)
2010	Wall of Zulkarnayn	Social and Political Thought	ISBN 978-5-91579-047-5	(in Russian)
2010	Fusils and Karamultuks	Social and Political Thought	ISBN 978-5-91579-040-6	(in Russian)

External links

• Official website (in Russian)
• Archive of Dzhemal's blog at LiveJournal (in Russian)
• Personal website for Geydar Dzhemal (in Russian)
• Bekkin, Renat (2012). "Russian Muslims: A Misguided Sect, Or The Vanguard Of The Russian Umma?". In Alfrid K. Bustanov and Michael Kemper (ed.). Islamic Authority And the Russian Language: Studies On Texts From European Russia, the North Caucasus And West Siberia (PDF). Amsterdam: Pegasus. pp. 361―401.