Highway 1 (Australia)

Highway 1
Map of Australia's Highway 1
Route information
Length	14,500 km (9,000 mi)
Existed	1955–present
Major junctions
Loop around Australia, with a separate section in Tasmania
Mainland section
Major intersections	Bruxner Highway in Ballina, NSW Gwydir Highway in Grafton, NSW New England Highway in Beresfield, NSW South Gippsland Highway in Sale, VIC Midland Highway in Geelong, VIC Henty Highway in Heywood, VIC Dukes Highway in Tailem Bend, SA Northern Expressway in Adelaide, SA Stuart Highway in Port Augusta, SA Coolgardie-Esperance Highway in Norseman, WA Great Northern Highway in Muchea, WA Great Northern Highway in Mundabullangana, WA Central Arnhem Road in Venn, NT Stuart Highway in Birdum, NT Flinders Highway in Townsville, QLD Capricorn Highway in Rockhampton, QLD Gateway Motorway in Brisbane, QLD
Tasmanian section
Major intersections	Lyell Highway in Granton Highland Lake Road in Melton Mowbray Esk Highway in Conara West Tamar Highway in Launceston
Location
Country	Australia
Highway system
Highways in Australia National Highway Freeways in Australia

Australia's Highway 1 is a network of highways that circumnavigate the Australian continent, joining all mainland state capitals. At a total length of approximately 14,500 km (9,000 mi) it is the longest national highway in the world, longer than the Trans-Siberian Highway (over 11,000 km or 6,800 mi) and the Trans-Canada Highway (8,030 km or 4,990 mi). Every day more than a million people travel on a part of it.

History

Highway 1 was created as part of the National Route Numbering system, adopted in 1955. The route was compiled from an existing network of state and local roads and tracks. Highway 1 was and still is the only route to reach across all Australian states. Many of the other national routes are tributaries of Highway 1.

With the introduction of the National Highway system in 1974, the significance of Highway 1 diminished, as large sections were not included in the new system. In the 1990s, Victoria and South Australia adopted alphanumeric route numbering, but retained the number 1 along the length of the highway in both states, with the letters M, A or B denoting the grade of the road.

File:AUS national route ALT1.svg

Alternate Route 1 marker

Under the original Highway 1 scheme, certain major traffic routes that ran parallel to the main route were designated National Route Alternative 1. Most of these route designations have been replaced by either a state route designation, or an alpha-numeric route designation, depending on which state the section is in. An example of the Alternative 1 designation remaining is on the old Princes Highway route from Dandenong to South Melbourne in Victoria.

Route markers

Sections of Highway 1 that are part of the federally funded National Highway network are indicated by the national green and gold route markers on roadside directional signs. Other sections are indicated by the either the original black on white National Route 1 marker, or by an alphanumeric marker (M1, A1 or B1) in the states using the alphanumeric route numbering system. In Sydney, the highway follows Metroad 1, which is marked with a hexagonal blue and white shield.

Track

Princes Highway, which is part of the Highway 1 network, at Moruya, New South Wales

From Sydney, it heads southwards to Melbourne and then on to Adelaide via Princes Highway. From then on to Perth via Port Wakefield Road and the Eyre Highway, Coolgardie-Esperance Highway, South Coast Highway, South Western Highway. It then heads to Darwin via Brand Highway, North West Coastal Highway, Great Northern Highway, Victoria Highway and Stuart Highway.

From Darwin, Highway 1 follows the Stuart Highway to Daly Waters, and thereafter the Carpentaria Highway to Borroloola. The Savannah Way is the largely unsignposted route for Highway 1 between the QLD/NT Border, east of Borroloola, and Normanton, Queensland.

From there, it follows the Gulf Developmental Road to Cairns and southwards via Bruce Highway to Brisbane and then back to Sydney by Pacific Highway.

In Tasmania it starts at the Brooker Highway in Hobart and heads towards Launceston via the Midland Highway. At Launceston it becomes the Bass Highway to Burnie. Highway 1 ends at Burnie; the Bass Highway continues to Marrawah on the west coast as Highway A2.

Large sections of Highway 1 are shared with the Australian National Highway, though the two are not synonymous. For instance, the Princes Highway from Sydney to Melbourne is part of Highway 1, but is not part of the National Highway, which follows the Hume Highway and Freeway.

Road conditions

With such a vast and incomparable length, road conditions vary greatly; from multi-lane freeways in populous urban and rural areas, to sealed two-laners in remote areas, such as the Nullarbor Plain, to single lane roads, such as in northern Queensland.

Some stretches are very isolated, such as the Eyre Highway, which crosses the Nullarbor Plain, and the Great Northern Highway, which runs close to the north-western coastline. Isolated roadhouses serving the small amount of passing traffic are often the only signs of human activity for hundreds of kilometres.

Highway 1 has been described as a "death trap", particularly two-lane sections in northern Queensland, due to driver fatigue. The vast distances between destinations and limited rest areas, especially those suitable to trucks, contribute to the problem.

Sights

Highway 1 covers practically every major inhabited part of Australia. Large capital cities, busy holiday resorts, dramatic coastlines, forests ranging from tropical through to temperate gum forests and giant karri stands, scrubland, deserts and huge tropical swamps are some of the variety of landscapes that can be found along en route.

Stretches of Highway 1 are very popular with interstate and overseas tourists. A drive around Highway 1 with a major detour to Uluru and back again practically covers most of Australia. The number 1 shield became part of the bush landscape to many travellers, truckers and country people.

See also

• Highway 1 (New South Wales)
• Highway 1 (Northern Territory)
• Highway 1 (Queensland)
• Highway 1 (South Australia)
• Highway 1 (Tasmania)
• Highway 1 (Victoria)
• Highway 1 (Western Australia)
• Highways in Australia
• List of A1 roads
• List of highways numbered 1

References

• Male, Andrew, National Highway One, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, retrieved 2007-10-02

Further reading

• Catherine Lawson (2012). High Way One: The Ultimate Australian Road Trip. Australian Geographic. ISBN 9781742453439. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Farwell, George; McArdle, Brian (1966), Around Australia on Highway One, Thomas Nelson (Australia)