1894 in science

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The year 1894 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

March 21 (23:00 GMT) – Syzygy: Mercury transits the Sun as seen from Venus, and Mercury and Venus both simultaneously transit the Sun as seen from Saturn.

Patrick Manson develops the thesis that malaria is spread by mosquitoes.
Jean Pierre Mégnin publishes La faune des cadavres application de l'entomologie à la médecine légale in Paris, an important text in forensic entomology.^[1]

February 13 – Auguste and Louis Lumière patent the Cinematographe, a combination movie camera and projector.
August 13 – The first Allan truss bridge, designed by Percy Allan, is completed in New South Wales.^[4]
August 14 – Oliver Lodge demonstrates radio transmission (of Morse code) in the University of Oxford from the Clarendon Laboratory to the University Museum for the British Association for the Advancement of Science.^[5]
November 6 – William C. Hooker of Abingdon, Illinois is granted a United States patent for a spring-loaded mousetrap.^[6]
Construction of the first oil-engined rail locomotive, an experimental unit designed by William Dent Priestman and built by his company, Priestman Brothers of Hull, England.^[7]
John Joly of Dublin devises the Joly colour screen, an additive colour photographic process for producing images from a single photographic plate.^[8]
Astronomical photographer Julius Scheiner devises a film speed measurement system.

January 1 – S. N. Bose (died 1974), Indian physicist.
January 13 – Dorothée Pullinger (died 1986), French-born British production engineer.
February 11 – Izaak Kolthoff (died 1993), Dutch 'father of analytical chemistry'.
May 5 – August Dvorak (died 1975), American educational psychologist.
June 13 – Leo Kanner (died 1981), Austrian-born clinical child psychiatrist.
June 23 – Alfred Kinsey (died 1956), American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology, and sexologist, founder of the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University (Bloomington) in 1947.
July 17 – Georges Lemaître (died 1966), Belgian physicist.
November 19 – Heinz Hopf (died 1971), German mathematician.

January 1 – Heinrich Hertz (born 1857), German physicist.
February 3 – Edmond Frémy (born 1814), French chemist.
April 27 – Birdsill Holly (born 1820), American hydraulic engineer.
November 26 – Pafnuty Chebyshev (born 1821), Russian mathematician.
October 7 – Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (born 1809), American physician and writer.
September 8 – Hermann von Helmholtz (born 1821), German physicist.

^ Benecke, Mark (2001). "A brief history of forensic entomology". Forensic Science International. 120 (1–2): 2–14. doi:10.1016/S0379-0738(01)00409-1. PMID 11457602. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
^ Rayleigh, Lord; Ramsay, William (1894). "Argon, a New Constituent of the Atmosphere". Proceedings of the Royal Society. 57 (1). London: 265–287. doi:10.1098/rspl.1894.0149. JSTOR 115394. {{cite journal}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help); Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
^ Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks: an A–Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 35–36. ISBN 0-19-850340-7.
^ "Timber Truss Bridges" (PDF). McMillan Britton & Kell Pty Limited. Roads and Traffic Authority. December 1998. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
^ Display in University Museum.
^ #528671. "Animal-Trap". Google Patents. Retrieved 2012-10-01.
^ Webb, Brian (1973). The British Internal Combustion Locomotive 1894–1940. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-6115-5.
^ Hirsch, Robert (2005). Exploring Colour Photography: A Complete Guide (new ed.). London: Laurence King Publishing. pp. 29–30. ISBN 1-85669-420-8.