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Presidency of Luis Lacalle Pou

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Luis Lacalle Pou
Presidency of Luis Lacalle Pou
1 March 2020 – present
President
CabinetSee list
PartyNational
Election2019
SeatExecutive Tower

Presidential standard

The presidency of Luis Lacalle Pou began on 1 March 2020 when he was inaugurated as the 42th president of Uruguay. Lacalle Pou, a member of the National Party took office following his victory over the Broad Front nominee Daniel Martínez in the second round of the 2019 general election, which ended the 15-year leftist rule in the country.[1][2]

Background

Lacalle Pou, at the time of his election, was a 19-year member of the General Assembly: from 2000 to 2015 he served as a National Representative and from 2015 to 2019 as a Senator.[3] In 2011, he held the position of President of the Chamber of Representatives during the first session of the 47th Legislature.[4] He participated in the 2014 election, being defeated in the second round by Tabaré Vázquez.[5]

Facing the 2019 runoff election, Lacalle Pou led the Coalición Multicolor, an electoral alliance made up of center-right parties.[6] Lacalle Pou and his running-mate, Beatriz Argimón obtained 48.71% of the unofficial vote. Their opponents, Daniel Martínez and Graciela Villar obtained 47.51% of the vote. The Electoral Court of Uruguay would publish the official results by Friday, 29 November 2019, as observed votes were still to be counted, totaling more than the difference between the two candidates, thus being too close to call. Daniel Martinez did not concede the race then, awaiting the official count. Lacalle Pou unofficially declared himself the winner, as the votes already counted marked an irreversible trend. Martínez conceded defeat on 28 November 2019. On 30 November, final votes counts confirmed Lacalle Pou as the winner with 48.8% of the total votes cast over Martínez with 47.3%.[7] Lacalle Pou's victory marked the return of the National Party to power, 30 years after Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera, Lacalle Pou's father, assumed as president.[8][9]

Several international leaders reacted to Lacalle Pou for his victory. Congratulations came from the President and the elect-President of Argentina, Mauricio Macri and Alberto Fernández, the Acting President of Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, the President of Bolivia, Jeanine Añez, the Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, the Peruvian, Martín Vizarra, the Paraguayan, Mario Abdo Benítez, and the Costa Rican Carlos Alvarado Quesada.[10][11] In addition, the Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Marcelo Ebrard and the U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo also congratulated the newly elected president.[12]

Cabinet

Lacalle Pou's cabinet is made up of members of the parties of the Coalición Multicolor.[13][14] Its structure was announced on December 16, 2019 at the Dazzler Hotel in Montevideo.[15]

Due to the resignation of Ernesto Talvi as Minister of Foreign Affairs in early July,[16][17] Lacalle Pou appointed the former Ambassador of Uruguay to Argentina and Spain, Francisco Bustillo, as head of the ministry.[18]

 
Cabinet of Luis Lacalle Pou's Government
Office Name Political party Term
Ministry of National Defense Javier García Duchini National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of the Interior Jorge Larrañaga National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Foreign Relations Ernesto Talvi Colorado 1 March 2020 – 6 July 2020
Francisco Bustillo nonpartisan politician 6 July 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Economy and Finance Azucena Arbeleche National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Education and Culture Pablo Da Silveira National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Public Health Daniel Salinas Open Cabildo 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Social Development Pablo Bartol National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare Pablo Mieres Independent 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Transport and Public Works Luis Alberto Héber National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries Carlos María Uriarte Colorado 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining Omar Paganini National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Housing and Territorial Planning Irene Moreira Open Cabildo 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Tourism Germán Cardoso Colorado 1 March 2020 – pres.
Ministry of Environment Adrián Peña Colorado 27 August 2020 – pres.
Secretariat of Sports Sebastián Bauzá National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Secretariat of the Presidency Álvaro Delgado National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Deputy Secretariat of the Presidency Rodrigo Ferrés National 1 March 2020 – pres.
Office of Planning and Budget Isaac Alfie Colorado 1 March 2020 – pres.

Domestic policy

COVID-19 pandemic

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay

The COVID-19 pandemic emerged within the first days of Lacalle Pou's presidency. The first four cases, all imported, were reported on 13 March.[19] On 14 March, Lacalle requested the cancellation of public performances, and the closure of some public places. An awareness campaign was launched and citizens were advised to stay home. A two-week suspension of classes at public and private schools was also announced.[20] On 16 March, Lacalle issued an order to close all border crossings except Carrasco International Airport.[21] The border with Argentina was closed effective 17 March at midnight.[22] On that day, the Ministry of Economy and Finance published a list of prices of products such as alcohol gel, rectified alcohol, and surgical masks, in order to prevent price gouging.[23][24]

Given the advance of the coronavirus around the world, many governments ordered the closure of borders and the cessation of airport operations and cancellations of commercial flights. Due to the Uruguayans being stranded abroad, the then Foreign Minister Ernesto Talvi ordered the operation "All at home" for the return of Uruguayans who were outside the national territory, who do not reside abroad and who planned to return to the country but could not by these restrictions.[25] In the course of this operation, at least 3,965 Uruguayans stranded in 67 countries returned.[26] In addition, the repatriation of foreigners stranded in Uruguay to their countries of origin was carried out.

On 8 April, he announced the reopening of rural schools on 22 April. It was also reported that the reopening would be in educational centers in the interior of the country, excluding those of Montevideo and Canelones; and that attendance would be voluntary.[27] It was 35% of the total registered.[28] On April, 17 he informed that his administration decided to create a group, made up of experts that would define methods and studies to advise the government. The experts would be: the mathematician, electrical engineer, and academic from the Latin American Academy of Sciences, Fernando Paganini; Dr. Rafael Radi, the first Uruguayan scientist at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and president of the National Academy of Sciences of Uruguay; and Dr. Henry Cohen, President of the National Academy of Medicine and awarded as a Master by the World Gastroenterology Organisation in 2019.[29]

On 29 May, Lacalle himself, along with the Secretary of the Presidency, the Minister of National Defense, his private secretary and the ASSE President began a quarantine while awaiting the test, after having contact with the director of the Ministry of Social Development in Rivera, who was infected with COVID-19.[30] A day later, after being tested, it was confirmed that neither he nor the other government officials had contracted the virus.[31]

As of December 2, given the increase in cases (especially in Montevideo), a series of temporary measures were put into effect to slow growth. Among them the closure of sports activities in gyms and closed places, the implementation of teleworking in public offices, closing of restaurants after midnight and the suspension of end-of-year parties.[32]

On December 16, due to the exponential growth of cases, the Executive Power announced a new set of measures: the regulation of Article 38 of the Constitution (the power of the executive power to dissolve agglomerations); the prohibition of entry from abroad between December 21 and January 10; the reduction of the capacity in interdepartmental transportation by half on those dates; the extension of the opening hours of shopping malls and street markets; the reopening of gyms (with a maximum capacity of 30%) and the suspension of public shows.[33]

Defense

On March 16, 2020, more than 1,000 soldiers of the Armed Forces were deployed to carry out the "Safe Border" operation, which consisted of patrolling the country's the 35,000 square kilometers of border defined to control, with the aim of combating insecurity, smuggling and drug trafficking.[34] The Air Force put its fleet of Cessna A-37 Dragonfly into operation to conduct "reconnaissance, patrol, and surveillance" of the Northeast, while the Navy deployed its personnel and equipment in border lakes and rivers.[35]

On September 8, the purchase of two Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft from the Spanish Government was announced, for a price of 21 million euros and 1 million euros in spare parts.[36][37] The opposition criticized this purchase, describing it as an "inopportune expense".[38] The aircraft arrived in Uruguay on December 19, Defense Minister Javier García stated that "a process of modernization of essential equipment begins. With this incorporation there is more sovereignty, more human security and more civil protection."[39]

On December 22, 2020, the National Defense Council (CODENA) met for the first time.[40] Chaired by President Lacalle Pou, it is an advisory and consultative body that works on the drafting of a decree with the defense guidelines for the entire term.[41] The functions of the council are: to analyze threats that could harm the sovereignty and independence of the country, as well as seriously affect national interests; propose, in such cases, the measures or actions deemed necessary for its resolution; analyze and propose conflict hypotheses; suggest the adoption of strategies, approve the plans and coordinate the actions necessary for the defense, and make proposals on matters related to the defense that, because they affect various State agencies, require joint action.[41]

Urgent Consideration Law

Law No. 19889 of urgent consideration, also called "Law of Urgent Consideration" or abbreviated as "LUC", is a law whose bill was announced by President Lacalle Pou during the campaign, which aims to lay the foundations of his administration. This law was the subject of intense political debate between the ruling party and the opposition:

  • Modify legitimate defense in the Penal Code, increasing its concept and establishing new hypotheses in which legitimate defense is presumed.[42][43]
  • Increase penalties for crimes related to drug trafficking and sexual violence in all its forms.[43]
  • Punish for injury or damage to the police authorities.[42][43]
  • Grant the right to carry arms of police and military personnel in both cases in retirement.[42]
  • Limit the occupation of public spaces and "pickets".[42][43]
  • Increase penalties for minor offenders.[42]
  • Modify the organization of public education in primary, secondary, University of Labor of Uruguay (UTU) and teacher training, the Central Board of Directors (CODICEN) now concentrating the respective councils of each of these, which now become directories.[42]
  • Modify the Financial Inclusion Law (LIF), passing workers to collect at option in cash and not necessarily by electronic means. In addition, the minimum amount from which an electronic means of payment must be established in the legal business is raised to one million indexed units.[42]
  • Create the Ministry of Environment, one of the campaign promises of Luis Lacalle Pou's team.[42]
  • Limit occupations of workplaces, guaranteeing the right of non-strikers to access and work, and that of employers to enter the facilities freely.[42]
  • Establishes a commission for the reform of the social welfare system.[42]
  • Guarantee the right to mobile number portability.[44]

Foreign policy

During Lacalle Pou's first days of presidency, Uruguay's foreign relations shifted substantially from those under Broad Front. After taking office, he condemned the government of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela.[45] And also Lacalle decided not to invite him to his inauguration stating "it is a personal decision, which I take care of. This is not the Chancellery, this is not protocol, this is my person who made this decision".[46] The presidents of Cuba and Nicaragua were not invited either.[47]

Lacalle's government ordered the withdrawal of Uruguay from the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), arguing that it occurred because "it is an organization that became an ideological political alliance contrary to the country's objectives of linking."[48] In addition, it was reported that the country would return to the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR).[49]

Between July 2 and December 16, 2020, Lacalle Pou served as President Pro Tempore of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR). In his inaugural speech, regarding the relationship with the United States and China, he stated that "one cannot fall into the false dichotomy of being closer to one or the other because the countries that have achieved development have been close to both."[50] He was succeeded by Argentine President Alberto Fernández.[51]

On September 12, Uruguay voted for Mauricio Claver-Carone's candidacy for President of the Inter-American Development Bank proposed by the United States.[52][53] On September 14, Uruguay voted at the UN Economic and Social Council in favor of a resolution claiming that Israel was involved in "systematic violations" of the rights of Palestinians, which negatively affected Palestinian women and girls. Uruguayan Foreign Minister Francisco Bustillo declared that Uruguay's vote against Israel was a "circumstantial error" and assured that his country will be guided by its long-running policy of supporting Israel. He also removed from office the director general of political affairs of the Foreign Ministry, Ambassador Pablo Sader.[54][55]

After the 2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election, the Uruguayan government supported the Organization of American States's resolution condemning fraud.[56] Previously, through a press release, the Ministry of Foreign Relations stated that the elections lacked "minimum guarantees."[57] When the Venezuelan National Assembly convened on January 5, 2021, a new press release indicated that "Uruguay does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly installed in Venezuela today, because it is the result of an electoral act carried out without the minimum guarantees of transparency, inclusion and verification".[58]

Opinion polling

According to a survey by Equipo Consultores, released on March 31, 2020, in Lacalle's first month as president, 65% of the Uruguayan population approved of his administration, while 20% disapproved of it and another 15% did not have an "intermediate opinion" or did not respond.[59][60] Therefore, he was the first non-Broad Front president with the most approval in the first month of his term.[61] In April, Opción Consultores released a survey in which the public was asked to evaluate Lacalle Pou's performance in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic: 40% of the Uruguayan population rated it as "very good" and 25% as "good", while 12% thought that the manage of the crisis was "very bad" while 9% just "bad"; 14% of the population did not have an opinion.[62]

In his first 100 days in office, Lacalle obtained the approval of 62% of the population, while 18% disapproved, 17% had "intermediate opinions" and 2% did not express their opinion, according to a survey by Equipo Consultores.[63] In September, according to an international poll conducted by IPSOS, Lacalle's administration was approved by 73% of the population, ranking as the president with the highest approval in Latin America.[64]

References

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  2. ^ Politi, Daniel (2019-11-28). "Center-Right Candidate Wins in Uruguay, Ending 15 Years of Liberal Rule (Published 2019)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  3. ^ "Uruguay election: Voters choose president in second round". BBC News. 2019-11-24. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  4. ^ Observador, El. "Lacalle Pou presidirá la Cámara de Diputados". El Observador. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  5. ^ "Tabare Vazquez wins Uruguay's run-off election". BBC News. 2014-12-01. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  6. ^ Martínez, Magdalena (2019-10-29). "La derecha uruguaya ensaya una coalición para derrotar al Frente Amplio en segunda vuelta". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  7. ^ "Lacalle won with 48.8% and Martínez obtained 47.3% in the 2019 ballot: look at the results". El Pais. 30 November 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  8. ^ "Lacalle Herrera por asunción de Lacalle Pou: "Yo pido a Dios llegar vivo para verlo jurar"". Montevideo Portal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  9. ^ "Uruguay election: Lacalle wins presidency as rival concedes". BBC News. 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  10. ^ de 2019, 28 de Noviembre. "Los gobiernos de la región felicitaron a Luis Lacalle Pou". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ ElPais. "Saludos de presidentes a Lacalle Pou marcan las nuevas alianzas regionales". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  12. ^ "El gobierno de Trump saludó a Lacalle y llamó a fortalecer la cooperación entre países". Montevideo Portal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  13. ^ "Lacalle presentó su gabinete ministerial: conocé todos los nombres". Montevideo Portal (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  14. ^ "Lacalle presentó su gabinete ministerial: conocé todos los nombres". Montevideo Portal (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  15. ^ ElPais. "Lacalle Pou anuncia hoy el gabinete a tres semanas de la elección". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-14.
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  23. ^ "Coronavirus: Economía publica precios de insumos para evitar que haya subas excesivas". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  24. ^ "Tabla comparativa de precios de productos de cuidado personal". Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  25. ^ Observador, El. "Operación "Todos en casa": ¿qué se necesita para ser considerado un varado?". El Observador. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  26. ^ diaria, la (2020-06-05). "La operación "Todos en casa" trajo a 3.965 uruguayos hasta el momento". la diaria (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  27. ^ Observador, El. "Gobierno anunció que el 22 de abril se retoman las clases en 973 escuelas rurales". El Observador. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  28. ^ "Así fue el comienzo de clases en 344 escuelas rurales de todo el país". Teledoce.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  29. ^ ElPais. "Lacalle Pou anuncia el equipo que planificará "la nueva normalidad"". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  30. ^ Uruguay, Presidencia de la República Oriental del. "Comunicado de Presidencia de la República - Presidencia de la República". Presidencia de la República Oriental del Uruguay (in European Spanish). Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  31. ^ Uruguay, Presidencia de la República Oriental del. "Comunicado de Presidencia de la República - Presidencia de la República". Presidencia de la República Oriental del Uruguay (in European Spanish). Retrieved 31 May 2020.
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  33. ^ Uruguay, Presidencia de la República Oriental del. "Gobierno implementará batería de medidas para evitar incremento de contagios de COVID-19 - Presidencia de la República". Presidencia de la República Oriental del Uruguay (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2020-12-21.
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  35. ^ ElPais. "Comienza despliegue militar en la frontera; Ministerio de Defensa moviliza 1.200 soldados". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-15.
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  38. ^ Observador, El. "Gobierno defiende compra de Hércules y FA critica gasto por alto e inoportuno". El Observador. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  39. ^ "Llegaron a Uruguay los dos Hércules adquiridos por la Fuerza Aérea". subrayado.com.uy (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-15.
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  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j ElPais. "Nace la ley de urgente consideración: los 10 puntos clave del proyecto de Lacalle Pou". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  43. ^ a b c d de 2020, 8 de Julio. "El Congreso uruguayo aprobó la Ley de Urgente Consideración, clave para el gobierno de Lacalle Pou". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  44. ^ Observador, El. "Portabilidad numérica: una realidad". El Observador. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  45. ^ de 2020, 2 de Marzo. "Luis Lacalle Pou reiteró su respaldo al gobierno de Juan Guaidó: "El pueblo venezolano cuenta con nuestro afecto y apoyo"". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 10 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  46. ^ ElPais. "Lacalle: "No estoy dispuesto a que en la asunción esté el dictador Maduro; es personal"". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  47. ^ Observador, El. "Lacalle ordenó que Nicaragua, Cuba y Venezuela no sean invitados al traspaso de mando". El Observador. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  48. ^ Uruguay, Presidencia de la República Oriental del. "Uruguay se retira de la Unasur, regresa al TIAR y apoyará la reelección de Luis Almagro al frente de OEA - Presidencia de la República". Presidencia de la República Oriental del Uruguay (in European Spanish). Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  49. ^ ElPais. "Gobierno anunció el retiro de Uruguay de la Unasur y el reingreso al TIAR". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  50. ^ Uruguay, Presidencia de la República Oriental del. "Lacalle Pou instó a sincerar las relaciones dentro del Mercosur y culminar los proyectos iniciados - Presidencia de la República". Presidencia de la República Oriental del Uruguay (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  51. ^ Uruguay, Presidencia de la República Oriental del. "Uruguay entregó la presidencia pro tempore del Mercosur a Argentina en Cumbre de Presidentes del bloque regional - Presidencia de la República". Presidencia de la República Oriental del Uruguay (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  52. ^ ElPais. "Mauricio J. Claver-Carone fue elegido como presidente del BID". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  53. ^ Garrison, Andrea Shalal, Cassandra (2020-09-13). "Trump nominee elected to head Latin American development bank". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-01-21.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  54. ^ "i24NEWS". www.i24news.tv. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  55. ^ ElPais. "Bustillo dijo que voto contra Israel en ONU fue "error circunstancial", aseguró Sanguinetti". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-15.
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  57. ^ ElPais. "Con el apoyo de Uruguay, la OEA no reconoce las elecciones legislativas en Venezuela". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-15.
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  59. ^ "Primer mes de Lacalle Pou: fuerte apoyo en medio de la pandemia – EQUIPOS" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-16.
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  61. ^ Observador, El. "Lacalle es el presidente no frenteamplista con más aprobación en primer mes". El Observador. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
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  63. ^ "Lacalle Pou cumple 100 días manteniendo alta aprobación – EQUIPOS" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  64. ^ "Lacalle es el presidente más aprobado de América Latina, según encuesta internacional". Montevideo Portal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-16.
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