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Ash Hollow State Historical Park

Coordinates: 41°17′53″N 102°07′12″W / 41.29806°N 102.12000°W / 41.29806; -102.12000
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Ash Hollow
State Historical Park
Map showing the location of Ash Hollow State Historical Park
Map showing the location of Ash Hollow State Historical Park
Location in Nebraska
LocationGarden County, Nebraska, United States
Nearest townLewellen, Nebraska
Coordinates41°17′53″N 102°07′12″W / 41.29806°N 102.12000°W / 41.29806; -102.12000[1]
Area1,001.03 acres (405.10 ha)[2]
Elevation3,363 ft (1,025 m)[1]
DesignationNebraska state historical park
Established1962
AdministratorNebraska Game and Parks Commission
WebsiteAsh Hollow State Historical Park
Ash Hollow Cave
LocationGarden County, Nebraska, USA, near Lewellen, Nebraska
Area8.9 acres (3.6 ha)
NRHP reference No.66000445
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966[3]
Designated NHLJuly 19, 1964[4]

Ash Hollow State Historical Park is located five miles (8.0 km) south of Lewellen in Garden County, Nebraska. The park comprises two attractions located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from each other: Ash Hollow Cave and Windlass Hill.[5]

Ash Hollow cave

A spring in the vicinity of Ash Hollow Cave made it an attractive site for periodic human habitation. Archaeological explorations of the cave have revealed that at least four distinct indigenous cultures occupied this area, during a period of more than 1,500 years. These include the Apache from A.D. 1675-1725; the Central Plains tradition from A.D. 900-1450; the Woodland tradition from A.D. 0-1100; and the Late Archaic tradition from 1000 B.C.-A.D. 500.[citation needed] The cave was used as a base camp for hunting and food collecting.[citation needed]

From the early 18th century, this became an area predominantly of Lakota Sioux occupation. The September 1855 Battle of Ash Hollow took place near here. The United States Army, with 600 troops, made a punitive attack on a Brule Sioux encampment, killing a total of 86 people, including women and children, and taking another 70 women and children as captives.[6] The attack on the Lakota Sioux was launched as a result of the Grattan Massacre of 1854 near Ft Laramie, Wyoming.

In 1962, the site was protected as part of a 312-acre Nebraska state park.[7] Ash Hollow Cave was named as a National Historic Landmark in 1964, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. The surrounding area was named the Ash Hollow Historic District in 1975.[8] In 1978, a visitor center was built overlooking the canyon.[9]

Windlass Hill

Windlass Hill is located along the Oregon-California Trail. The hill marked the entrance from the high table lands to the south into the Ash Hollow area and the North Platte River valley. Wagon ruts are visible on the hill.[10] The name "Windlass Hill" was not used by the emigrants,[6] and the source of the name is unknown. Emigrants had a hard time going down the hill at a 25-degree angle, going down for about 300 feet.

See also

Bibliography

  • Champe, J.L. Ash Hollow Cave, A Study of Stratigraphic Sequence in the Central Great Plains. University of Nebraska Studies, 1946.

References

  1. ^ a b "Ash Hollow State Historical Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  2. ^ "Ash Hollow State Historical Park". NGPC Map and Data Portal. March 1, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  3. ^ "Ash Hollow Cave". NPGallery. National Park Service. October 15, 1966. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  4. ^ "List of National Historic Landmarks by State". National Park Service. December 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  5. ^ "Ash Hollow State Historical Park". Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  6. ^ a b "Ash Hollow". History Nebraska. Nebraska Marker Project. Nebraska History Museum. September 25, 2017. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  7. ^ Diffendal; et al. (1996). "Geologic History of Ash Hollow State Historical Park". University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  8. ^ "Ash Hollow Historic District". NPGallery. National Park Service. August 6, 1975. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  9. ^ Frederick, Steve (July 7, 2017). "Ash Hollow still making history". Star Herald. Scottsbluff, Neb. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  10. ^ "Ash Hollow". History Nebraska. Nebraska History Museum. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
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