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Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, Washington, D.C.
Gasson Hall, Boston College, 1908
Bronze doors to Saint Patrick's Cathedral, New York, New York, 1949

Maginnis & Walsh was an architecture firm started by Charles Donagh Maginnis and Timothy Walsh in 1905. It was known for its innovative design of churches in Boston in the first half of the twentieth century.

Partners

Main article: Charles Donagh Maginnis

Maginnis was born January 7, 1867 in Derry, Ireland. He emigrated to Boston at age 18 and got his first job apprenticing for architect Edmund M. Wheelwright as a draftsman. Influenced by the work of modern architect Ralph Adams Cram, Maginnis became a distinguished Gothic architect and an articulate writer and orator on the role of architecture in society. In 1948 Maginnis received the AIA Gold Medal for "outstanding service to American architecture," the highest award in the profession. He died in 1955 at the age of eighty-eight in Brookline, Massachusetts.

Timothy Francis Walsh was born in 1868 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He attended The English High School in Boston, and worked as a draftsman for Peabody and Stearns from 1887 to 1893, when he left to study in Europe. Walsh returned to Boston in 1895 and went into business as Walsh & Kearns. He worked as a solo practitioner in 1896 and 1897, and 1898 went into partnership with Charles Donagh Maginnis and Matthew Sullivan. He died July 7, 1934 at the age of sixty-six in North Scituate.[1]

Matthew Sullivan was born in Boston and trained in the office of Edmund M. Wheelwright, Boston City Architect (1891-1894). Sullivan succeeded Wheelwright as City Architect and served in that position from 1895 to 1901, when he became a junior partner in the firm of Maginnis, Walsh and Sullivan, which was widely known for its ecclesiastical work. He withdrew from that partnership to carry on work independently in 1906.

Between the firm's founding in 1898 and the death of Timothy Walsh in 1934, the firm is credited with over 115 ecclesiastical works. The Maginnis and Walsh collection at the Boston Public Library contains work of the architectural firm from 1913 to 1952.

Eugene F. Kennedy Jr. was born in Brooklyn, New York January 31, 1904 to Eugene F. Kennedy Sr. and Anna T. Lee. The family had moved to the Boston area by 1910. In 1924, he was awarded the Rotch Traveling Scholarship, established by architect Arthur Rotch to provide an American student of architecture a minimum of eight months study and travel abroad.[2] Kennedy joined M&W in 1926, and married Carol Gertrude Fox (1903-1975) in 1928. He became a senior partner in the firm in 1941, which became known as Maginnis and Walsh and Kennedy. Kennedy died November 7, 1986 in Jamaica Plain, Boston.[3]

Maginnis, Walsh and Sullivan (1898-1905)

St. John's, Cambridge
  • St. John the Evangelist Church (Cambridge, Massachusetts): The church was built in 1904, largely built by Irish immigrants. House Speaker "Tip" O'Neill, was a lifelong parishioner.[5] Modeled after a 12th century Lombardo-Romanesque basilica, of four gold medals awarded to Maginnis, Walsh and Sullivan from the American Institute of Architects, one was for St. John's. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
  • St. Thomas the Apostle Catholic Church (Los Angeles): The Mission Revival style church was built in 1904. The Los Angeles Times, said, "In its character this church unites itself with the days of the humble followers of St. Francis, as it is the same form and the same faith, is to a great degree of the same style of architecture and is carried on by the same authority as that of the olden days."[6]

Brighton, Massachusetts

Now a neighborhood of Boston, Brighton was a farming community just northwest of the city. The farms became estates, the estates came into the possession of religious institutes. M&W had a number of commissions in Brighton.

One of the earliest was * St. John's Seminary Chapel in Brighton, designed in 1898 in the Romanesque Revival style. It was constructed in 1899 of yellow and gray Brighton pudding stone with limestone trimmings.[7] Our Lady of the Presentation Catholic Church in the Oak Square neighborhood of the Brighton section of Boston was begun in 1913 and completed in 1921. The parish closed in 2005; in 2013 the building was reopened as St. John's Seminary Our Lady of the Presentation Lecture Hall and Library.[8]

The Convent of the Sisters of the Cenacle in Brighton was built in 1911. The building now houses the EF Language Institute.

In 1908 the Passionist Fathers purchased the David Nevins Estate in Brighton and built St. Gabriel's Monastery. In 1927 M&W was engaged to design a church to replace the chapel.[9] St. Gabriel's is in the Renaissance Revival architecture style, constructed of buff-colored brick with cast stone accents and red mission tile roof. Due to personnel shortages, the monastery closed in 1978; St. Gabriel's Parish Church in 2006.[10] In 2017 plans were approved to convert the monastery property into a combination of condominiums and apartments, largely geared to graduate students. The plan also has an affordable housing component. St. Gabriel's Church is to be retained and renovated as a community center.

Maginnis and Walsh (1906-1940)

Adminisration Building, Emmanuel College, Boston MA

In the Boston area the firm built St. Catherine of Genoa Church on Spring Hill in Somerville, Massachusetts, regarded as a masterpiece. St. Catherine's, was begun in 1907 and completed in 1921. In July 2019, St. Catherine's. St. Ann's, and St. Thomas merged to form Sts. Louis and Zelie Martin Parish; masses are still scheduled at St. Catherine's.[11]

St. Mary's School (Taunton, Massachusetts) built in 1907, is a three-story brick building in Collegiate Gothic style. The Girls' Latin School, Huntington Avenue Building was built in 1907 in collaboration with Peabody & Stearns and Coolidge & Carlson.

In 1914, the firm designed the administration building of Emmanuel College. Located in the Fens area of Boston, it was founded by the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur and opened in 1919 as the first women's Catholic college in New England. For thirty years, it was the only building on campus.[12]

In 1929 the firm designed Our Lady of Sorrows Church in South Orange, New Jersey, in the French Gothic style, to replace the 1889 St Mary's.[13]

Boston College, Chestnut Hill

Bapst Library, Seat of Wisdom

Maginnis & Walsh won the bid to build the new campus of Boston College in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. Designed by Maginnis, in 1908, the Boston College campus is a seminal example of Collegiate Gothic architecture. Combining Gothic Revival architecture with principles of Beaux-Arts planning, Maginnis proposed a vast complex of academic buildings set in a cruciform plan. The design suggested an enormous outdoor cathedral, with the long entry drive at the "nave," the main quadrangle at the "apse" and secondary quadrangles at the "transepts." Maginnis's design broke from the traditional Oxbridge models that had inspired it—and that had until then characterized Gothic architecture on American campuses. At the "crossing", Maginnis placed the university's main building. Using stone quarried on the site, the building was constructed at the highest point on Chestnut Hill, commanding a view of the surrounding landscape and the city to the east. In its unprecedented scale, Gasson Tower was conceived not as the belfry of a singular building, but as the crowning campanile of Maginnis' new "city upon a hill". Dominated by a soaring 200-foot bell tower, Recitation Hall was known simply as the "Tower Building" when it finally opened in 1913. Gasson Hall is credited for the typology of dominant Gothic towers in subsequent campus designs, including those at Princeton (Cleveland Tower, 1913–1917), Yale (Harkness Tower, 1917–1921), and Duke (Chapel Tower, 1930–1935).

Although Maginnis' ambitious Gothic project never saw full completion due to the Wall Street Crash of 1929, its central portion was built according to plan and forms the core of what is now BC's iconic middle campus. According to Boston College historian, Fr. Charles F. Donovan, Gasson Hall (1913) (The signature building of BC), St. Mary's Hall and Chapel (1917), Devlin Hall (1924), and Bapst Library (commissioned 1922, completed 1928), called the "finest example of Collegiate Gothic architecture in America"), are the "original architectural gems" of the campus.[14] In 1926, the Devlin Hall science building won the Harleston Parker Medal for "most beautiful building in Boston". M&W also built Fulton Hall (1948), Lyons Hall (1951), St. Thomas More Hall (1954 -demolished 2014), and Campion (1955).[15]

Maginnis also designed the chancel at Trinity Church in Copley Square, the high altar at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York and the Massachusetts Veterans War Memorial Tower on the summit of Mount Greylock.

The firm also built St. Aidan's Church (Brookline, Massachusetts) (1911) where Maginnis was a parishioner. The church where John F. Kennedy was christened, St. Aidan's, has since been closed and converted to housing.

Maginnis and Walsh and Kennedy (1941-1956)

Maginnis designed the bronze doors at St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan) to replace the original wooden ones. Each 16 1/2-foot by 5 1/2-foot door weighs 9,200 pounds and is decorated with sculptures of saints created by John Angel. The doors were blessed by Cardinal Spellman and opened for the first time just before Christmas 1949. In 2013, the doors underwent a major conservation and restoration.[16]

Maginnis and Walsh were the original architects for St. Julia Church, in Weston, Massachusetts in 1919. The firm returned in 1961 to design an addition to the back of St. Julia Church to increase seating capacity.[17]

Works

Archdiocese of Boston

Diocese of Worcester

Diocese of Fall River

Diocese of Springfield

Blessed Sacrament Church, Northampton, Massachusetts

Diocese of Providence

Diocese of Burlington Vermont

Diocese of Portland, Maine

Archdiocese of Hartford

Archdiocese of Cincinnati

Archdiocese of New York

Diocese of Brooklyn

Diocese of Albany

Diocese of Ogdensburg

Diocese of Marquette (Michigan)

Archdiocese of Newark

Archdiocese of Baltimore

Archdiocese of Philadelphia

Diocese of Scranton

Archdiocese of Washington, D.C.

Diocese of Gary, Indiana

Archdiocese of Milwaukee

Archdiocese of San Francisco

Archdiocese of Los Angeles

Archdiocese of Dubuque

Diocese of Des Moines

Diocese of Cheyenne

Schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries

The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.

  • Basilica of The National Shrine of The Immaculate Conception (started in 1919; completed 1959). The largest Catholic Church in North America.[28] "The architectural style is composite of a Romanesque exterior and a Byzantine interior."[29]

Georgetown Preparatory School, Rockville, MD

College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA

Newton Country Day School of the Sacred Heart

Regis High School, New York City, NY[40]

Sacred Heart School, Fall River, MA[41]

Saint Joseph's School, Wakefield, MA – 1924[42]

Saint Joseph College, West Hartford, CT

  • McDonough and Mercy Halls – 1935[43]

St. Mary's Seminary and University, Baltimore, MD

  • Main Administration Building – 1929 (Beaux Arts Classical Revival Style).

Trinity Washington University (formerly Trinity College), Washington, D.C.

University of Northwestern (formerly Northwestern College) St. Paul, MN

  • Nazareth Hall – 1923[47]
  • Nazareth Hall Chapel – 1923[48]
  • Island Chapel and Peninsula – 1925[49]

University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN[50]

Hospitals

Boston's Children Hospital?

References to "Children's Hospital" are found in "[Boston] City Auditor's of the Receipts and Expenses" Reports (1912–1913, 1913–1914, 1914–1915); and the "Documents City of Boston, For The Year 1914."

Uncertain if this facility is within the "Boston Consumptives Hospital" campus or a separate facility altogether.

Boston Consumptives Hospital (Boston Sanatorium)

A "tuberculosis hospital," this 52-acres campus had 18 buildings[58]), Dorchester, MA[59][60]

  • Administration or Foley Building (1910, 1928–1930) (The largest building on campus)
  • Doctors' residences, Dormitories or Wards (4) (ca. 1910) (currently vacant and are decaying [reported 2016])
  • The Power House (1903)

Outside United States

See also

References

  1. ^ Jennings, Jan. Cheap and Tasteful Dwellings: Design Competitions and the Convenient Interior, 1879-1909, Univ. of Tennessee Press, 2005, p. 260ISBN 9781572333604
  2. ^ Rotch Travelling Scholarship
  3. ^ "Eugene F. Kennedy, Prominent Church Architect, Dead at 82", AP News, November 9, 1986
  4. ^ "Church History" (PDF). St. Patrick's RCC Whitinsville, Massachusetts. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  5. ^ http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=o000098
  6. ^ "Is Dedicated To St. Thomas: Solemnities of Opening of Fine New Church; Gathering of Catholics on Pico Heights". Los Angeles Times. 1905-02-20.
  7. ^ "St John's Seminary History", Brighton Allston Historical Society
  8. ^ Pineo, Christopher S. "Seminary Dedicates New Lecture Hall and Library in Brighton", The Pilot, September 20, 2013
  9. ^ "Brighton, Massachusetts", Passionist Historical Archives
  10. ^ Eliot C.P., Roger. "The Closing of St. Gabriel's in Brighton", Passionist Historical Archives
  11. ^ Tetrault, Jacqueline. "Three Somerville parishes to merge July 1", The Boston Pilot, June 7, 2019
  12. ^ "Administration Building", Emmanuel College
  13. ^ History of Our Lady of Sorrows Church
  14. ^ "Campus Guide", Boston College
  15. ^ Birnbaum, Ben. "The Brief, Effective Life of More Hall", Boston College Magazine, Fall 2014
  16. ^ "St. Patrick’s Cathedral Shows Off Restored Bronze Doors", CBS NY News, August 13, 2013
  17. ^ "Construction History", St. Julia Church, Weston
  18. ^ http://www.nps.gov/applications/parks/jofi/ppdocuments/SA%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf St. Aiden Church, Brookline Ma
  19. ^ a b http://college.holycross.edu/projects/worcester/neighbors/holycross.htm College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts
  20. ^ White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 453. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  21. ^ http://www.cathedralofmary.org/ Cathedral of Mary Our Queen, baltimore Maryland
  22. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=G_Q9HG34cRkC&pg=PT17&dq=%22Maginnis+and+Walsh%22&hl=en&ei=y2FZTaPrJMXOgAfygvHaDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22Maginnis%20and%20Walsh%22&f=false Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, Washington, DC
  23. ^ http://dcfossils.org/index.php/gallery7/ Sacred Heart Church, Washington DC
  24. ^ http://www.booktown.com/stcroixprints/plan.php?id=6438 drawing of New Apostolic Mission House
  25. ^ http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM2ET4_Carmelite_Monastery_Santa_Clara_CA Carmelite Monastery, Santa Clara, California
  26. ^ http://www.restoreallsaints.org/history.htm Newspaper articles on restoration of All Saints Church, Stuart IA
  27. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2011-02-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) St. Joseph Childrens Home, Torrington, Wyoming
  28. ^ http://www.nationalshrine.com/site/c.osJRKVPBJnH/b.4747303/k.C02F/Visit.htm
  29. ^ http://www.nationalshrine.com/site/c.osJRKVPBJnH/b.4764147/k.9FF6/Architecture.htm
  30. ^ http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/stagsere/se1/se5/017000/017900/017907/pdf/msa_se5_17907.pdf National Register of Historic Places (Form)
  31. ^ https://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/ar_display_projects.cfm/35557 Philadelphia Architects & Buildings
  32. ^ http://hcap.artstor.org/cgi-bin/library?a=d&d=p432
  33. ^ http://www.worldarchitecturemap.org/architects/charles_donagh_maginnis
  34. ^ http://www.holycross.edu/support-and-resources/holy-cross-libraries/about-libraries/dinand-library
  35. ^ http://hcap.artstor.org/cgi-bin/library?a=d&d=d317
  36. ^ http://hcap.artstor.org/cgi-bin/library?a=d&d=p431
  37. ^ http://college.holycross.edu/projects/worcester/neighbors/holycross.htm
  38. ^ http://www.newtoncountryday.org/RelId/606709/ISvars/default/Our_History.htm NCD History
  39. ^ http://www.newtoncountryday.org/Customized/Uploads/ByDate/2016/January_2016/January_21st_2016/Architecture%20layoutNCDS2-Updated06866.pdf
  40. ^ http://www.regis.org/2014/multimedia/religio.cfm Regis High School
  41. ^ http://landmarkhunter.com/tag/17719-maginnis-walsh/
  42. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2016-03-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  43. ^ http://hcap.artstor.org/cgi-bin/library?a=d&d=p2177
  44. ^ http://www.trinitydc.edu/president/2014/05/trinitys-remarkable-architectural-story/ Trinity's Remarkable Architectural Story
  45. ^ a b http://www.trinitydc.edu/president/files/2010/10/TRINITY_HISTORIC_REPORT_TO_ZONING_7_18_08.pdf Report to DC Zoning Commission
  46. ^ http://www.trinitydc.edu/president/2015/04/founders-and-builders/ Founders & Builders
  47. ^ http://hcap.artstor.org/cgi-bin/library?a=d&d=d317 Historic Campus Architecture Project
  48. ^ http://hcap.artstor.org/cgi-bin/library?a=d&d=p2232 Historic Campus Architecture Project
  49. ^ http://hcap.artstor.org/cgi-bin/library?a=d&d=p2233 Historic Campus Architecture Project
  50. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-04-06. Retrieved 2013-07-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  51. ^ http://tomandkatehickeyfamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2014/10/1934-thomas-l-hickey-inc-built-notre.html
  52. ^ http://tomandkatehickeyfamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2014/09/1936-thomas-l-hickey-inc-completed.html
  53. ^ a b http://tomandkatehickeyfamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2014/10/1937-thomas-l-hickey-inc-built-notre.html
  54. ^ http://tomandkatehickeyfamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2014/05/75-years-ago-today-cornerstone-laying.html
  55. ^ http://tomandkatehickeyfamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2014/07/1941-thomas-l-hickey-inc-built-new-ave.html
  56. ^ http://tomandkatehickeyfamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2014/11/1941-thomas-l-hickey-inc-built-notre.html
  57. ^ http://tomandkatehickeyfamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2014/09/theconstruction-company-of-my.html
  58. ^ http://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Boston_Sanatorium
  59. ^ http://www.dorchesteratheneum.org/page.php?id=613 Dorchester Atheneum
  60. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-03-26. Retrieved 2016-03-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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