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Kalavryta

Coordinates: 38°2′N 22°7′E / 38.033°N 22.117°E / 38.033; 22.117
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Kalavryta
Καλάβρυτα
Settlement
Kalavryta, as seen from the memorial site.
Kalavryta, as seen from the memorial site.
Kalavryta is located in Greece
Kalavryta
Kalavryta
Location within the region
Coordinates: 38°2′N 22°7′E / 38.033°N 22.117°E / 38.033; 22.117
CountryGreece
Administrative regionWest Greece
Regional unitAchaea
Area
 • Municipal unit531.8 km2 (205.3 sq mi)
Lowest elevation
758 m (2,487 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Municipal unit
6,011
 • Municipal unit density11/km2 (29/sq mi)
 • Community
1,829
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
250 01
Area code(s)26940
Vehicle registrationΑΧ
Websitehttp://www.kalavrita.gr/

Kalavryta (Greek: Καλάβρυτα) is a town and a municipality in the mountainous east-central part of the regional unit of Achaea, Greece. The town is located on the right bank of the river Vouraikos, 24 kilometres (15 miles) south of Aigio, 40 km (25 miles) southeast of Patras and 62 km (39 miles) northwest of Tripoli. Notable mountains in the municipality are Mount Erymanthos in the west and Aroania or Chelmos in the southeast. Kalavryta is the southern terminus of the Diakopto-Kalavryta rack railway, built by Italian engineers between 1885 and 1895.

History

Kalavryta is built near the ancient city of Cynaetha.

During the late Middle Ages, the town was the centre of the Barony of Kalavryta within the Frankish Principality of Achaea, until it was reconquered by the Byzantines in the 1270s. After that it remained under Byzantine control until the fall of the Despotate of the Morea to the Ottoman Turks in 1460. With the exception of a 30-year interlude of Venetian control, the town remained under Turkish rule until the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence in 1821, in whose early stages Kalavryta figures prominently: it was here that on 21 March 1821 the flag of the revolt was raised at the monastery of Agia Lavra by bishop Germanos III of Old Patras.

Mt Chelmos near Kalavryta.
Kalavryta.

At the end of 1943, near Kalavryta, 81 German soldiers, led by Hauptmann Johannes Schober, were captured by Greek partisans. Four Germans were killed on the spot. Three were taken to hospital at Kalavryta but were later shot by the furious partisans. The rest were initially treated as prisoners of war until most were shot dead and some plunged over the cliff near Mazi from the force of the shots. Two German prisoners survived the execution and raised the alarm on the following day 8 December 1943.

On 13 December 1943, in retribution for the killing of the captured German soldiers, the Massacre of Kalavryta took place. German troops ordered all male residents of Kalavryta, aged 14 years and up, to gather in a field just outside the village. Some 1 300 women and girls were locked in a school which was then set on fire while the men were looking on from a hill outside the village. Fortunately for the women, an Austrian soldier unlocked the door of the building and the women and girls managed to escape. The Germans shot the soldier who had set them free. Then 696 boys and men were machine-gunned. Only 13 survived.[2] After that, they burnt down the town before they left and the next day they burnt down the monastery of Agia Lavra, the birthplace of the Greek War of Independence. After the war, the federal government of Germany offered gestures of atonement in the form of free school books for the high school, scholarships for orphans of the massacre and the building of a retirement home. However, German commanders, including Major Ebersberger who carried out the destruction of Kalavryta and Hauptmann Dohnert who led the firing party, were never brought to justice for their crimes.

Historical population

Kalavryta municipality & municipal unit
Year Community Municipal unit Municipality
1981 2,015 - -
1991 2,111 8,306 -
2001 1,942 8,580 -
2011 1,829 6,011 11,045

Landmarks

The memorial site.
View of the Cathedral.
The railway station.

In Kastria, in the municipal unit of Kleitoria, there is the famous cave system Spilaio ton Limnon ("Cave of the Lakes") which is filled with beautiful lakes and strange rock formations. Kalavryta has a ski centre which is located east of town, on the slopes of Chelmos. The monastery of Agia Lavra is located on a hill 4 km (2 mi) southwest of Kalavryta. Another famous monastery nearby is Mega Spilaio which is located 8 km (5 mi) northeast.

Administration

The municipality Kalavryta was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 4 former municipalities, that became municipal units:[3]

The municipality has an area of 1,058.147 km2, the municipal unit 531.797 km2.[4]

Subdivisions

The municipal unit of Kalavryta is divided into the following communities:

Province

The province of Kalavryta (Greek: Επαρχία Καλαβρύτων) was one of the provinces of Achaea. It had the same territory as the present municipality.[5] It was abolished in 2006.

Notable persons

See also

References

  1. ^ "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
  2. ^ "TALES OF HORROR TOLD BY GREEKS," page 29, Sunday, October 8, 1944. The New York Times. This report was delayed by 10 months.
  3. ^ Kallikratis law Greece Ministry of Interior (in Greek)
  4. ^ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-21.
  5. ^ "Detailed census results 1991" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. (39 MB) (in Greek and French)
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