Decane
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Decane[1]
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| 1696981 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.262 |
| EC Number |
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| MeSH | decane |
PubChem CID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 2247 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C10H22 | |
| Molar mass | 142.286 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Gasoline-like |
| Density | 0.730 g mL−1 |
| Melting point | −30.5 to −29.2 °C; −22.8 to −20.6 °F; 242.7 to 243.9 K |
| Boiling point | 173.8 to 174.4 °C; 344.7 to 345.8 °F; 446.9 to 447.5 K |
| log P | 5.802 |
| Vapor pressure | 195 Pa[2] |
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
2.1 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 |
| -119.74·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.1381 W m-1 K-1 (300 K)[3] |
Refractive index (nD)
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1.411–1.412 |
| Viscosity |
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| Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C)
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315.46 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
425.89 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−302.1–−299.9 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−6779.21–−6777.45 kJ mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
 
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| Danger | |
| H226, H304 | |
| P301+P310, P331 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 46.0 °C (114.8 °F; 319.1 K) |
| 210.0 °C (410.0 °F; 483.1 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 0.8–2.6% |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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| Safety data sheet (SDS) | hazard.com |
| Related compounds | |
Related alkanes
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C10H22. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition.[5] These isomers are flammable liquids. Decane is a component of gasoline (petrol) and kerosene.[6] Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes.[7]
Reactions
Decane undergoes combustion, just like other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to form water and carbon dioxide.
- 2 C10H22 + 31 O2 → 20 CO2 + 22 H2O
With insufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is also formed.
Other
It has a surface tension of 0.0238 N·m−1.[8]
See also
References
- ^ "decane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- ^ Yaws, Carl L. (1999). Chemical Properties Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 159–179. ISBN 0-07-073401-1.
- ^ Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
- ^ Dymond, J. H.; Oye, H. A. (1994). "Viscosity of Selected Liquid n‐Alkanes". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 23 (1): 41–53. doi:10.1063/1.555943. ISSN 0047-2689.
- ^ The 75 Isomers of Decane
- ^ "Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name". www.chemistryexplained.com. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
- ^ Karl Griesbaum, Arno Behr, Dieter Biedenkapp, Heinz-Werner Voges, Dorothea Garbe, Christian Paetz, Gerd Collin, Dieter Mayer, Hartmut Höke "Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_227
- ^ Website of Krüss Archived 2013-12-01 at the Wayback Machine (8.10.2009)
External links
Media related to Decane at Wikimedia Commons- Material Safety Data Sheet for Decane
- CHEMINFO Decane
