Myalgia
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| Myalgia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Muscle pain, muscle ache |
| Specialty | Rheumatology |
In medicine, myalgia, also known as muscle pain or muscle ache, is a symptom that presents with a large array of diseases. While the most common cause is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles, acute myalgia may also be due to viral infections, especially in the absence of a traumatic history. Longer-term myalgias may be indicative of a metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies, or chronic fatigue syndrome.
Causes
The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, injury, or strain. However, myalgia can also be caused by diseases, medications, or as a response to a vaccination. Dehydration at times results in muscle pain as well, for people involved in extensive physical activities such as workout. It is also a sign of acute rejection after heart transplant surgery.
The most common causes are:
- Injury or trauma, including sprains, hematoma
- Overuse: using a muscle too much, too often, including protecting a separate injury
- Chronic tension
Muscle pain occurs with:
- Rhabdomyolysis, associated with:
- Viral
- Compression injury leading to crush syndrome
- Drug-related
- Commonly fibrates and statins
- Occasionally ACE inhibitors, cocaine, and some retro-viral drugs
- Severe potassium deficiency
- Fibromyalgia
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Auto-immune disorders, including:
- Mixed connective tissue disease
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Polymyalgia rheumatica
- Polymyositis
- Dermatomyositis
- Multiple sclerosis (this is neurologic pain localised to myotome)
- Infections, including:
- Influenza (the flu)
- Lyme disease
- Babesiosis
- Malaria
- Toxoplasmosis
- Dengue fever
- Hemorrhagic fever
- Muscular abscess
- Compartment syndrome
- Polio
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Trichinosis (roundworm)
- Ebola
- Other
Overuse
Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon or too often.[4] One example is repetitive strain injury.
Injury
The most common causes of myalgia by injury are: sprains and strains.[4]
Autoimmune
- Multiple sclerosis (neurologic pain interpreted as muscular)
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome)
- Myositis
- Mixed connective tissue disease
- Lupus erythematosus
- Fibromyalgia syndrome
- Familial Mediterranean fever
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Devic's disease
- Morphea
- Sarcoidosis
Metabolic defect
- Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
- Conn's syndrome
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Diabetes
- Hypogonadism
- Postorgasmic illness syndrome[1][2][3]
Other
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- Channelopathy
- Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
- Stickler Syndrome
- Hypokalemia
- Hypotonia
- Exercise intolerance
- Mastocytosis
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome
- Barcoo Fever
- Herpes
- Hemochromatosis
- Delayed onset muscle soreness
- HIV/AIDS
- Tumor-induced osteomalacia
- Hypovitaminosis D
- Infarction[5]
Withdrawal syndrome from certain drugs
Sudden cessation of high-dose corticosteroids, opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, caffeine, or alcohol can induce myalgia.
Treatment
When the cause of myalgia is unknown, it should be treated symptomatically. Common treatments include heat, rest, paracetamol, NSAIDs and muscle relaxants.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b Balon R, Segraves RT, eds. (2005). Handbook of Sexual Dysfunction. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780824758264.
- ^ a b Wylie KR, ed. (2015). ABC of Sexual Health. John Wiley & Sons. p. 75. ISBN 9781118665565.
- ^ a b "Postorgasmic illness syndrome". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). National Institutes of Health. 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ a b MedlinePlus
- ^ Glueck, CharlesJ; Conrad, Brandon (2013). "Severe vitamin D deficiency, myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis". North American Journal of Medical Sciences. 5 (8): 494–495. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.117325. ISSN 1947-2714. PMC 3784929. PMID 24083227.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Shmerling, Robert H (April 25, 2016). "Approach to the patient with myalgia". UpToDate. Retrieved 2018-05-27.