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Iron nitrides

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Iron nitrides are inorganic chemical compounds of iron and nitrogen.

Chemical properties

Iron has five nitrides observed at ambient conditions, Fe2N, Fe3N4, Fe4N, Fe7N3 and Fe16N2. They are crystalline, metallic solids. Group 7 and group 8 transition metals form nitrides that decompose at relatively low temperatures - iron nitride, Fe2N decomposes under loss of molecular nitrogen at around 400 °C and formation of lower-nitrogen content iron nitrides. They are insoluble in water. At high pressure, stability and formation of new nitrogen-rich nitrides (N/Fe ratio equal or greater to one) were suggested[1] and later discovered. These include the FeN, FeN2 and FeN4 solids which become thermodynamically stable from 17.7 GPa, 72 GPa and 106 GPa, respectively.[2][3][4][5][6]

Health hazards

When heated to decomposition or exposed to humidity, iron nitride may emit toxic fumes of ammonia. It is considered a moderate explosion hazard. Inhalation of iron nitride dust or powder may cause irritation to the respiratory system and possibly acute iron poisoning or pneumoconiosis.

Research applications

Colloidal solution of magnetic iron nitride nanoparticles is a way to create ferrofluids.

Iron nitrides also make the strongest naturally magnetic material.[7]

References

  1. ^ Kartsev, Alexey (2015). Thermodynamic Properties of NiAs-FeN Phase from First Principles. Destech Publicat, Inc. pp. 423–427. arXiv:1807.09900. ISBN 978-1-60595-112-6.
  2. ^ Laniel, Dominique; Dewaele, Agnès; Anzellini, Simone; Guignot, Nicolas (2018-02-05). "Study of the iron nitride FeN into the megabar regime". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 733: 53–58. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.10.267. ISSN 0925-8388.
  3. ^ Niwa, Ken; Terabe, Toshiki; Kato, Daiki; Takayama, Shin; Kato, Masahiko; Soda, Kazuo; Hasegawa, Masashi (2017-05-16). "Highly Coordinated Iron and Cobalt Nitrides Synthesized at High Pressures and High Temperatures". Inorganic Chemistry. 56 (11): 6410–6418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00516. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 28509545.
  4. ^ Clark, William P.; Steinberg, Simon; Dronskowski, Richard; McCammon, Catherine; Kupenko, Ilya; Bykov, Maxim; Dubrovinsky, Leonid; Akselrud, Lev G.; Schwarz, Ulrich (2017-05-18). "High-Pressure NiAs-Type Modification of FeN". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 56 (25): 7302–7306. doi:10.1002/anie.201702440. ISSN 1433-7851. PMC 5488211. PMID 28517174.
  5. ^ Laniel, Dominique; Dewaele, Agnès; Garbarino, Gaston (2018-03-05). "High Pressure and High Temperature Synthesis of the Iron Pernitride FeN2". Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (11): 6245–6251. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03272. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 29505253.
  6. ^ Bykov, M.; Bykova, E.; Aprilis, G.; Glazyrin, K.; Koemets, E.; Chuvashova, I.; Kupenko, I.; McCammon, C.; Mezouar, M. (2018-07-16). "Fe-N system at high pressure reveals a compound featuring polymeric nitrogen chains". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 2756. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.2756B. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05143-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6048061. PMID 30013071.
  7. ^ http://phys.org/news188458077.html
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