Segolate

Segolates are words in the Hebrew language whose end is of the form CVCVC, where the penultimate vowel receives syllable stress. Such words are called "segolates" because the final unstressed vowel is typically (but not always) segol. These words evolved from older Semitic words that ended with two consonants; indeed, when a suffix (other than an absolute plural) is added to a segolate, the original form (or something similar) reappears (cf. kéleḇ "dog" vs. kalbī "my dog").

Examples:

*Ancient	Tiberian		Stem		Meaning
*ʼarṥ	אֶרֶץ/אָרֶץ	ʼéreṣ/ʼāreṣ	אַרְצ-	ʼarṣ-	earth; land
*ʼurn	אֹרֶן	ʼōren	אָרְנ-	ʼorn-	pine tree
*baʻl	בַּעַל/בָּעַל	báʻal/bāʻal	בַּעֲל-	baʻăl-	husband
*zarʻ	זֶרַע/זָרַע	zéraʻ/zāraʻ	זַרְע-	zarʻ-	seed
*yayn	יַיִן/יָיִן	yáyin/yāyin	יֵינ-	yên-	wine
*milḥ	מֶלַח	mélaḥ	מַלְח-	malḥ-	salt
*milk	מֶלֶך	méleḵ	מַלְכּ-	malk-	king
*kalb	כֶּלֶב/כָּלֶב	kéleḇ/kāleḇ	כַּלְבּ-	kalb-	dog
*laḥy	לֶחִי/לְחִי	ləḥî/léḥî	לֶחֱי-	leḥĕy-	cheek; tool jaw
*ʻibr	עֵבֶר	ʻĒḇer	עִבְר-	ʻiḇr-	Eber
*ʻayn	עַיִן/עָיִן	ʻáyin/ʻāyin	עֵינ-	ʻên-	eye
*ṣidq	צֶדֶק	ṣéḏeq	צִדְק-	ṣiḏq-	righteousness

The ancient forms like *CawC (such as šawr "bull") almost universally evolved to non-segolate CôC (שׁוֹר šôr), though there are exceptions, such as מָוֶת māweṯ "death".

Some segolate words' final syllable ends with a patach rather than a segol, due to the influence of guttural consonants (ה, ע, א, ח) around the final syllable.

Classical Arabic still preserves forms similar to the reconstructed Ancient Hebrew forms, e.g. ʼarḍ "earth", kalb "dog", ʻayn "eye", ṣidq "sincerity". (Some modern dialects insert an epenthetic vowel between the final two consonants, similar to what happened in Hebrew.)