Alexandre Benois
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Alexandre Nikolayevich Benois (Russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Бенуа, also spelled Alexander Benois) (3 May [O.S. 21 April] 1870[1], St. Petersburg–9 February 1960, Paris), an influential artist, art critic, historian, preservationist, and founding member of Mir iskusstva. His influence on the modern ballet and stage design is considered seminal.
He was born into the artistic and intellectual Benois family, prominent members of the nineteenth and early twentieth century Russian intelligentsia. Alexandre's father Nicholas Benois and brother Leon Benois were noted Russian architects. Alexandre didn't plan to devote his life to art and graduated from the Faculty of Law, St. Petersburg University in 1894. Three years later, while in Versailles, he painted a series of watercolors depicting Last Promenades of Louis XIV. When exhibited by Pavel Tretyakov in 1897, they brought him to attention of Sergei Diaghilev and Leon Bakst. Together they founded the art magazine and movement Mir iskusstva which aimed at promoting the Aesthetic Movement and Art Nouveau in Russia.
During the first decade of the new century, Benois continued to edit Mir iskusstva but also pursued his scholarly interests. He prepared and printed several monographs on the 19th-century Russian art and Tsarskoye Selo. From 1918 to 1926, he ran the gallery of Old Masters in the Hermitage Museum, to which he secured his brother's heirloom—Leonardo's Madonna Benois. In 1903, he printed his illustrations to Pushkin's Bronze Horseman which have since been recognized as one of the landmarks in the genre.
In 1901, Benois was appointed scenic director of the Mariinsky Theatre. Since then, he devoted most of his time to stage design and decor. Sets and costumes he designed for Ballets Russes productions of Les Sylphides (1909), Giselle (1910), and Petrushka (1911) are counted among his greatest triumphs. Although he worked primarily with Diaghilev for the Ballets Russes, he simultaneously collaborated with the Moscow Art Theatre and other notable theatres of Europe.
His brother Albert Benois's son, Nikolai, was married to opera singer Maria Kuznetsova. He was the uncle of Russian artists Eugene Lanceray and Zinaida Serebriakova, and the great-uncle of British actor Sir Peter Ustinov.
His Memoirs were published in two volumes in 1955.
Works
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Promenade of Empress Elizabeth through the Noble Streets of St. Petersburg, 1903 -
Illustration to Alexander Pushkin's Bronze Horseman, 1904 -
Soldiers of Catherine II
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Peter the Great Meditating the Idea of Building St. Petersburg at the Shore of the Baltic Sea -
Military Parade of Emperor Paul in front of Mikhaylovsky Castle, 1907 -
Set for Stravinsky's Petrushka, 1911
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At the German Quarter, 1911
Notes
- ^ Various sources, e.g. Encyclopedia Britannica, give his birth date as 21 April (Julian)/4 May (Gregorian). This cannot be correct; it implies a 13-day gap between the calendars, however in 1870 the gap was merely 12 days.
Bibliography
- Katerina Clark, Petersburg: Crucible of the Cultural Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1995).
- John E. Bowlt, The Silver Age: Russian Art of the Early Twentieth Century and the “World of Art” Group (Newtonville, MA, 1982).
- Janet Kennedy, The Mir Iskusstva Group and Russian Art, 1898-1912 (New York, 1978).
- Sergei Makovskii, Stranitsy khudozhestvennoi kritiki – Kniga vtoraia: Sovremennye Russkie khudozhniki (Petersburg, 1909).
- Gregory Stroud, Retrospective Revolution: A History of Time and Memory in Urban Russia, 1903-1923 (Urbana-Champaign, 2006).